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Article ; Online: Should patients requiring radiotherapy for breast cancer be treated with proton beam therapy?

Kirby, Anna M / Holt, Francesca / Taylor, Carolyn W / Haviland, Joanne S / MacKenzie, Mairead / Coles, Charlotte E

2023 Volume 381, Page(s) e072896

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Proton Therapy ; Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Breast Neoplasms/etiology ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/adverse effects
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1362901-3
ISSN	1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
ISSN (online)	1756-1833
ISSN	0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
DOI	10.1136/bmj-2022-072896
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Article ; Online: Proton Beam Therapy for Early Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Outcomes.

Holt, Francesca / Probert, Jake / Darby, Sarah C / Haviland, Joanne S / Coles, Charlotte E / Kirby, Anna M / Liu, Zulian / Dodwell, David / Ntentas, Georgios / Duane, Frances / Taylor, Carolyn

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

2023 Volume 117, Issue 4, Page(s) 869–882

Abstract: Purpose: Adjuvant proton beam therapy (PBT) is increasingly available to patients with breast cancer. It achieves better planned dose distributions than standard photon radiation therapy and therefore may reduce the risks. However, clinical evidence is ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Adjuvant proton beam therapy (PBT) is increasingly available to patients with breast cancer. It achieves better planned dose distributions than standard photon radiation therapy and therefore may reduce the risks. However, clinical evidence is lacking. Methods and materials: A systematic review of clinical outcomes from studies of adjuvant PBT for early breast cancer published in 2000 to 2022 was undertaken. Early breast cancer was defined as when all detected invasive cancer cells are in the breast or nearby lymph nodes and can be removed surgically. Adverse outcomes were summarized quantitatively, and the prevalence of the most common ones were estimated using meta-analysis. Results: Thirty-two studies (1452 patients) reported clinical outcomes after adjuvant PBT for early breast cancer. Median follow-up ranged from 2 to 59 months. There were no published randomized trials comparing PBT with photon radiation therapy. Scattering PBT was delivered in 7 studies (258 patients) starting 2003 to 2015 and scanning PBT in 22 studies (1041 patients) starting 2000 to 2019. Two studies (123 patients) starting 2011 used both PBT types. For 1 study (30 patients), PBT type was unspecified. Adverse events were less severe after scanning than after scattering PBT. They also varied by clinical target. For partial breast PBT, 498 adverse events were reported (8 studies, 358 patients). None were categorized as severe after scanning PBT. For whole breast or chest wall ± regional lymph nodes PBT, 1344 adverse events were reported (19 studies, 933 patients). After scanning PBT, 4% (44/1026) of events were severe. The most prevalent severe outcome after scanning PBT was dermatitis, which occurred in 5.7% (95% confidence interval, 4.2-7.6) of patients. Other severe adverse outcomes included infection, pain, and pneumonitis (each ≤1%). Of the 141 reconstruction events reported (13 studies, 459 patients), the most prevalent after scanning PBT was prosthetic implant removal (34/181, 19%). Conclusions: This is a quantitative summary of all published clinical outcomes after adjuvant PBT for early breast cancer. Ongoing randomized trials will provide information on its longer-term safety compared with standard photon radiation therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Breast Neoplasms/surgery ; Breast Neoplasms/etiology ; Proton Therapy/adverse effects ; Proton Therapy/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	197614-x
ISSN	1879-355X ; 0360-3016
ISSN (online)	1879-355X
ISSN	0360-3016
DOI	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.02.023
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Article ; Online: University student perceptions of health and disease during remote learning in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cass, Anna L / Holt, Elizabeth W / Murr, Scott / Falcone, Kelly A / Daniel, Mitchell / Gilchrist, Ann E

Journal of American college health : J of ACH

2022 Volume 72, Issue 3, Page(s) 796–804

Abstract: Objectives: Assess student perceptions of health and disease during remote learning in the COVID-19 pandemic.: Participants: Convenience sample of undergraduate students at a liberal arts university (n = 67).: Methods: Survey administered across ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Assess student perceptions of health and disease during remote learning in the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: Convenience sample of undergraduate students at a liberal arts university (n = 67). Methods: Survey administered across multiple sections of a required general education course in Spring 2020. Measures included Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control, Perceived Health Competence, and COVID-19 perceived impact on students' communities and wellbeing. Results: Students reported relatively low levels of fear about COVID-19, not differing by number or severity of known cases or community impact (p = 0.67, 0.55, 0.11, respectively). Stress and mental health were priority concerns over infectious diseases. Students reported negatively affected emotional (70%) and interpersonal (67%) wellbeing; unexpectedly, over half of students reported positive impacts in ≥ one wellness dimension. Conclusions: Student-identified concerns emphasized psychosocial wellbeing, suggesting additional need for mental health resources. Low perceived threat of infectious diseases may present barriers to COVID-19-related prevention behaviors.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Pandemics ; Universities ; Students ; COVID-19 ; Communicable Diseases
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604907-2
ISSN	1940-3208 ; 0744-8481
ISSN (online)	1940-3208
ISSN	0744-8481
DOI	10.1080/07448481.2022.2057802
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Zs.A 427: Show issues

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Article: Mpox Illness Narratives: Stigmatising Care and Recovery During and After an Emergency Outbreak.

Smith, Anthony K J / Storer, Daniel / Lancaster, Kari / Haire, Bridget / Newman, Christy E / Paparini, Sara / MacGibbon, James / Cornelisse, Vincent J / Broady, Timothy R / Lockwood, Timmy / McNulty, Anna / Delpech, Valerie / Holt, Martin

Qualitative health research

2024 , Page(s) 10497323241234482

Abstract: In May 2022, a global outbreak of mpox (formerly monkeypox virus) affected thousands of mainly gay and bisexual men. Mpox is usually a time-limited illness that can involve fever, pain, and skin lesions, but may require hospitalisation. There is scant ... ...

Abstract	In May 2022, a global outbreak of mpox (formerly monkeypox virus) affected thousands of mainly gay and bisexual men. Mpox is usually a time-limited illness that can involve fever, pain, and skin lesions, but may require hospitalisation. There is scant research into the firsthand experiences of people affected by mpox, including experiences of symptoms, healthcare, and recovery. This study considers the different illness narratives of people who experienced mpox in Australia in 2022. In-depth interviews and 6-month follow-up interviews were conducted with 16 people, including 13 people diagnosed with mpox and three close contacts. All participants were cisgender gay or bisexual men living in Australia. Participants' accounts described minor to severe periods of sickness, negative and stigmatising experiences engaging with healthcare, and some participants experienced long-term effects on their sexual well-being and complications from mpox. The emergency outbreak context meant that mpox was highly distressing, making it difficult to manage and producing varying forms of disruption to everyday life. Mpox was narrated as disruptive in different ways: as a minor interruption to holiday plans, a prolonged period of poor health, or a biographically disruptive event prompting a re-evaluation of sexual values and health. This analysis demonstrates that an unfamiliar emergent disease outbreak related to sexual practices and sociality can reconfigure personal life and sexual well-being, suggesting a need to focus on providing quality patient care in outbreaks of mpox and other infectious diseases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1275716-0
ISSN	1552-7557 ; 1049-7323
ISSN (online)	1552-7557
ISSN	1049-7323
DOI	10.1177/10497323241234482
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Zs.A 4632: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Development and translation of thiometallate sulfide donors using a porcine model of coronary occlusion and reperfusion.

Johnson, Thomas W / Holt, James / Kleyman, Anna / Zhou, Shengyu / Sammut, Eva / Bruno, Vito Domenico / Gaupp, Charlotte / Stanzani, Giacomo / Martin, John / Arina, Pietro / Deutsch, Julia / Ascione, Raimondo / Singer, Mervyn / Dyson, Alex

Redox biology

2024 Volume 73, Page(s) 103167

Abstract: Sulfide-releasing compounds reduce reperfusion injury by decreasing mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species production. We previously characterised ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM), a clinically used copper chelator, as a sulfide donor in rodents. ...

Abstract	Sulfide-releasing compounds reduce reperfusion injury by decreasing mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species production. We previously characterised ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM), a clinically used copper chelator, as a sulfide donor in rodents. Here we assessed translation to large mammals prior to clinical testing. In healthy pigs an intravenous ATTM dose escalation revealed a reproducible pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship with minimal adverse clinical or biochemical events. In a myocardial infarction (1-h occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery)-reperfusion model, intravenous ATTM or saline was commenced just prior to reperfusion. ATTM protected the heart (24-h histological examination) in a drug-exposure-dependent manner (r
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-25
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2701011-9
ISSN	2213-2317 ; 2213-2317
ISSN (online)	2213-2317
ISSN	2213-2317
DOI	10.1016/j.redox.2024.103167
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Article ; Online: Developmental patterns in the nasopharyngeal microbiome during infancy are associated with asthma risk.

Tang, Howard H F / Lang, Anna / Teo, Shu Mei / Judd, Louise M / Gangnon, Ronald / Evans, Michael D / Lee, Kristine E / Vrtis, Rose / Holt, Patrick G / Lemanske, Robert F / Jackson, Daniel J / Holt, Kathryn E / Inouye, Michael / Gern, James E

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology

2020 Volume 147, Issue 5, Page(s) 1683–1691

Abstract: Background: Studies indicate that the nasal microbiome may correlate strongly with the presence or future risk of childhood asthma.: Objectives: In this study, we tested whether developmental trajectories of the nasopharyngeal microbiome in early ... ...

Abstract	Background: Studies indicate that the nasal microbiome may correlate strongly with the presence or future risk of childhood asthma. Objectives: In this study, we tested whether developmental trajectories of the nasopharyngeal microbiome in early life and the composition of the microbiome during illnesses were related to risk of childhood asthma. Methods: Children participating in the Childhood Origins of Asthma study (N = 285) provided nasopharyngeal mucus samples in the first 2 years of life, during routine healthy study visits (at 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months of age), and during episodes of respiratory illnesses, all of which were analyzed for respiratory viruses and bacteria. We identified developmental trajectories of early-life microbiome composition, as well as predominant bacteria during respiratory illnesses, and we correlated these with presence of asthma at 6, 8, 11, 13, and 18 years of age. Results: Of the 4 microbiome trajectories identified, a Staphylococcus-dominant microbiome in the first 6 months of life was associated with increased risk of recurrent wheezing by age 3 years and asthma that persisted throughout childhood. In addition, this trajectory was associated with the early onset of allergic sensitization. During wheezing illnesses, detection of rhinoviruses and predominance of Moraxella were associated with asthma that persisted throughout later childhood. Conclusion: In infancy, the developmental composition of the microbiome during healthy periods and the predominant microbes during acute wheezing illnesses are both associated with the subsequent risk of developing persistent childhood asthma.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Asthma/epidemiology ; Bacteria/genetics ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Microbiota ; Nasopharynx/microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Respiratory Sounds ; Risk Factors ; Viruses/genetics ; Viruses/isolation & purification
Chemical Substances	RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	121011-7
ISSN	1097-6825 ; 1085-8725 ; 0091-6749
ISSN (online)	1097-6825 ; 1085-8725
ISSN	0091-6749
DOI	10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.009
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Article ; Online: The acceptability and usability of two HIV self-test kits among men who have sex with men: a randomised crossover trial.

Lee, Dana Yl / Ong, Jason J / Smith, Kirsty / Jamil, Muhammad S / McIver, Ruthy / Wigan, Rebecca / Maddaford, Kate / McNulty, Anna / Kaldor, John M / Fairley, Christopher K / Bavinton, Benjamin / Chen, Marcus / Chow, Eric Pf / Grulich, Andrew E / Holt, Martin / Conway, Damian P / Stoove, Mark / Wand, Handan / Guy, Rebecca J

The Medical journal of Australia

2022 Volume 217, Issue 3, Page(s) 149–154

Abstract: Objectives: To compare the usability and acceptability of oral fluid- and blood-based HIV self-test kits among men who have sex with men in Australia.: Design: Randomised crossover trial.: Setting, participants: Gay, bisexual, and other men aged ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To compare the usability and acceptability of oral fluid- and blood-based HIV self-test kits among men who have sex with men in Australia. Design: Randomised crossover trial. Setting, participants: Gay, bisexual, and other men aged 18 years or older who have sex with men, who attended two metropolitan sexual health clinics in Sydney and Melbourne, 7 January - 10 December 2019. Main outcome measures: Ease of use of HIV self-test kits; preferred HIV self-test type; difficulties encountered during HIV self-testing. Results: 170 men were recruited (median age, 34 years; interquartile range, 29-43 years); 144 identified as gay (85%), 96 were born outside Australia (57%). Participants were more likely to report the oral fluid HIV self-test was easy to use than the blood-based self-test (oral fluid, 99%; blood, 86%; odds ratio [OR], 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-6.6). The oral fluid test was preferred by 98 participants (58%; 95% CI, 50-65%), the blood-based test by 69 (41%; 95% CI, 33-48%). Difficulties with the oral fluid test kit identified by observing nurses included problems placing the buffer solution into the stand (40 of 170 participants, 24%) and not swabbing both gums (23 of 169, 14%); difficulties with the blood-based test kit included problems filling the device test channel (69 of 170, 41%) and squeezing the finger firmly enough to generate a blood drop (42 of 170, 25%). No participant received an invalid result with the oral fluid self-test; two of 162 participants (1%) received invalid results with the blood self-test. After adjusting for age, education level, and ethnic background, characteristics associated with higher odds of using HIV self-testing in the future were overseas birth (adjusted OR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.42-6.64), and self-evaluated ease of use and confidence in using the kits. Conclusion: It is important to provide options for obtaining both oral fluid- and blood-based HIV self-tests. The usability and acceptability of both kits were high, but the ease of use and perceived accuracy influenced test kit preference.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cross-Over Studies ; HIV Infections/diagnosis ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Self-Testing ; Sexual and Gender Minorities
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-12
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	186082-3
ISSN	1326-5377 ; 0025-729X
ISSN (online)	1326-5377
ISSN	0025-729X
DOI	10.5694/mja2.51641
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Ua VI Zs.398: Show issues

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Article ; Online: High Levels of Prevention-Effective Adherence to HIV PrEP: An Analysis of Substudy Data From the EPIC-NSW Trial.

Bavinton, Benjamin R / Vaccher, Stefanie / Jin, Fengyi / Prestage, Garrett P / Holt, Martin / Zablotska-Manos, Iryna B / Guy, Rebecca / Amin, Janaki / Templeton, David J / Yeung, Barbara / Hammoud, Mohamed A / Lewis, David / Baker, David / Dharan, Nila / McNulty, Anna M / Grulich, Andrew E

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

2021 Volume 87, Issue 4, Page(s) 1040–1047

Abstract: Background: Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prevents HIV infection but relies on good adherence at times of risk, termed "prevention-effective adherence." Most studies assess adherence without reference to sexual behaviur, making it challenging to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prevents HIV infection but relies on good adherence at times of risk, termed "prevention-effective adherence." Most studies assess adherence without reference to sexual behaviur, making it challenging to determine if poor adherence coincides with HIV risk. Setting: We examined data from a behavioral substudy of a large-scale PrEP implementation trial in New South Wales, Australia. Methods: Trial participants completed optional brief quarterly surveys, reporting the number of pills taken and sexual behavior with male partners for each day of the "last full week" before each survey. Condomless sex (CLS) was defined as "higher risk" for HIV when with HIV-positive men with detectable/unknown viral loads or unknown HIV status men. Adequate PrEP protection was defined as ≥4 pills for participants assigned male sex at birth and ≥6 pills for participants assigned female sex at birth (including transgender men). Results: Of 9596 participants dispensed PrEP, 4401 completed baseline and ≥1 follow-up survey. Participants reported on 12,399 "last full weeks": 7485 weeks (60.4%) involved CLS and 2521 weeks (33.7% of CLS-weeks) involved higher risk CLS. There were 103 weeks in which participants did not have adequate PrEP protection and had higher risk CLS: 4.1% of higher-risk CLS weeks (n = 103/2521), 1.4% of all CLS weeks (n = 103/7485), and 0.8% of all observed weeks (n = 103/12,399). Conclusions: In a large PrEP trial, prevention-effective adherence to PrEP was very high at 99%. Our findings illustrate the importance of measuring pill-taking and sexual behavior in the same period so that prevention-effective adherence can be better estimated.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Australian Capital Territory/epidemiology ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; HIV-1 ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Medication Adherence ; New South Wales/epidemiology ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ; Sexual Behavior
Chemical Substances	Anti-HIV Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	645053-2
ISSN	1944-7884 ; 1077-9450 ; 0897-5965 ; 0894-9255 ; 1525-4135
ISSN (online)	1944-7884 ; 1077-9450
ISSN	0897-5965 ; 0894-9255 ; 1525-4135
DOI	10.1097/QAI.0000000000002691
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Article ; Online: Sustaining success: a qualitative study of gay and bisexual men's experiences and perceptions of HIV self-testing in a randomized controlled trial.

Zhang, Ye / Guy, Rebecca J / Smith, Kirsty S / Jamil, Muhammad S / Prestage, Garrett / Applegate, Tanya L / Conway, Damian P / Holt, Martin / Keen, Phillip / Bavinton, Benjamin / McNulty, Anna M / Batrouney, Colin / Russell, Darren / Vaughan, Matthew / Chen, Marcus / Fairley, Christopher K / Grulich, Andrew E / Kaldor, John M / Callander, Denton

BMC public health

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 2048

Abstract: Background: HIV self-testing was proved as an effective tool for increasing testing frequency in gay and bisexual men at high risk of infection. Questions remain about understanding why HIVST encouraged testing and how such success can be translated to ... ...

Abstract	Background: HIV self-testing was proved as an effective tool for increasing testing frequency in gay and bisexual men at high risk of infection. Questions remain about understanding why HIVST encouraged testing and how such success can be translated to programmatic implementation. Methods: We conducted a qualitative investigation of how FORTH participants experienced and perceived HIVST. Stratified sampling was used to recruit gay and bisexual men participating in the FORTH HIVST intervention to take part in interviews, focusing on infrequent testers and those who had received inaccurate HIVST results. Results: Our analysis identified several prominent themes organized into two overarching domains from the 15 interviews: (i) aspects of HIVST contributing to HIV testing frequency, and (ii) sustaining HIVST into the future. Participants also believed that their use of HIVST in the future would depend on the test kit's reliability, particularly when compared with highly reliable clinic-based testing. Conclusion: HIVST increases the frequency of HIV testing among gay and bisexual men due, in part, to the practical, psychological, and social benefits it offers. To capitalize fully on these benefits, however, strategies to ensure the availability of highly reliable HIVST are required to sustain benefits beyond the confines of a structured research study.
MeSH term(s)	HIV Infections/diagnosis ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Testing ; Humans ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; Self-Testing ; Sexual and Gender Minorities
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-021-12011-0
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Article ; Online: Immune checkpoint therapy responders display early clonal expansion of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes.

Oncoimmunology

2024 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 2345859

Abstract: Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) causes durable tumour responses in a subgroup of patients, but it is not well known how T cell receptor beta (TCRβ) repertoire dynamics contribute to the therapeutic response. Using murine models that exclude variation in ... ...

Abstract	Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) causes durable tumour responses in a subgroup of patients, but it is not well known how T cell receptor beta (TCRβ) repertoire dynamics contribute to the therapeutic response. Using murine models that exclude variation in host genetics, environmental factors and tumour mutation burden, limiting variation between animals to naturally diverse TCRβ repertoires, we applied TCRseq, single cell RNAseq and flow cytometry to study TCRβ repertoire dynamics in ICT responders and non-responders. Increased oligoclonal expansion of TCRβ clonotypes was observed in responding tumours. Machine learning identified TCRβ CDR3 signatures unique to each tumour model, and signatures associated with ICT response at various timepoints before or during ICT. Clonally expanded CD8+ T cells in responding tumours post ICT displayed effector T cell gene signatures and phenotype. An early burst of clonal expansion during ICT is associated with response, and we report unique dynamics in TCRβ signatures associated with ICT response.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism ; Mice ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Female
Chemical Substances	Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2645309-5
ISSN	2162-402X ; 2162-402X
ISSN (online)	2162-402X
ISSN	2162-402X
DOI	10.1080/2162402X.2024.2345859
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