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  1. Article ; Online: Multi-Scale White Matter Tract Embedded Brain Finite Element Model Predicts the Location of Traumatic Diffuse Axonal Injury.

    Hajiaghamemar, Marzieh / Margulies, Susan S

    Journal of neurotrauma

    2020  Volume 38, Issue 1, Page(s) 144–157

    Abstract: Finite element models (FEMs) are used increasingly in the traumatic brain injury (TBI) field to provide an estimation of tissue responses and predict the probability of sustaining TBI after a biomechanical event. However, FEM studies have mainly focused ... ...

    Abstract Finite element models (FEMs) are used increasingly in the traumatic brain injury (TBI) field to provide an estimation of tissue responses and predict the probability of sustaining TBI after a biomechanical event. However, FEM studies have mainly focused on predicting the absence/presence of TBI rather than estimating the location of injury. In this study, we created a multi-scale FEM of the pig brain with embedded axonal tracts to estimate the sites of acute (≤6 h) traumatic axonal injury (TAI) after rapid head rotation. We examined three finite element (FE)-derived metrics related to the axonal bundle deformation and three FE-derived metrics based on brain tissue deformation for prediction of acute TAI location. Rapid head rotations were performed in pigs, and TAI neuropathological maps were generated and colocalized to the FEM. The distributions of the FEM-derived brain/axonal deformations spatially correlate with the locations of acute TAI. For each of the six metric candidates, we examined a matrix of different injury thresholds (th
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Injuries, Diffuse/diagnostic imaging ; Finite Element Analysis ; Models, Neurological ; Swine ; White Matter/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 645092-1
    ISSN 1557-9042 ; 0897-7151
    ISSN (online) 1557-9042
    ISSN 0897-7151
    DOI 10.1089/neu.2019.6791
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  2. Article ; Online: Regional variations distinguish auditory from visual evoked potentials in healthy 4 week old piglets.

    Oeur, R Anna / Palaniswamy, Maduran / Ha, Matthew / Fernandez-Corazza, Mariano / Margulies, Susan S

    Physiological measurement

    2023  Volume 44, Issue 2

    Abstract: Objective. ...

    Abstract Objective.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Female ; Swine ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory/physiology ; Acoustic Stimulation/methods ; Evoked Potentials ; Electroencephalography/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1149545-5
    ISSN 1361-6579 ; 0967-3334
    ISSN (online) 1361-6579
    ISSN 0967-3334
    DOI 10.1088/1361-6579/acb4da
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  3. Article ; Online: Target detection in healthy 4-week old piglets from a passive two-tone auditory oddball paradigm.

    Oeur, R Anna / Margulies, Susan S

    BMC neuroscience

    2020  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 52

    Abstract: Background: Passive auditory oddball tests are effort independent assessments that evaluate auditory processing and are suitable for paediatric patient groups. Our goal was to develop a two-tone auditory oddball test protocol and use this clinical ... ...

    Abstract Background: Passive auditory oddball tests are effort independent assessments that evaluate auditory processing and are suitable for paediatric patient groups. Our goal was to develop a two-tone auditory oddball test protocol and use this clinical assessment in an immature large animal model. Event-related potentials captured middle latency P1, N1, and P2 responses in 4-week old (N = 16, female) piglets using a custom piglet 32- electrode array on 3 non-consecutive days. The effect of target tone frequency (250 Hz and 4000 Hz) on middle latency responses were tested in a subset of animals.
    Results: Results show that infrequent target tone pulses elicit greater N1 amplitudes than frequent standard tone pulses. There was no effect of day. Electrodes covering the front of the head tend to elicit greater waveform responses. P2 amplitudes increased for higher frequency target tones (4000 Hz) than the regular 1000 Hz target tones (p < 0.05).
    Conclusions: Two-tone auditory oddball tests produced consistent responses day-to-day. This clinical assessment was successful in the immature large animal model.
    MeSH term(s) Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Auditory Perception/physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory/physiology ; Female ; Reaction Time ; Reproducibility of Results ; Swine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2041344-0
    ISSN 1471-2202 ; 1471-2202
    ISSN (online) 1471-2202
    ISSN 1471-2202
    DOI 10.1186/s12868-020-00601-4
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  4. Article: Altered Auditory and Visual Evoked Potentials following Single and Repeated Low-Velocity Head Rotations in 4-Week-Old Swine.

    Oeur, Anna / Torp, William H / Arbogast, Kristy B / Master, Christina L / Margulies, Susan S

    Biomedicines

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 7

    Abstract: Auditory and visually evoked potentials (EP) have the ability to monitor cognitive changes after concussion. In the literature, decreases in EP are commonly reported; however, a subset of studies shows increased cortical activity after injury. We studied ...

    Abstract Auditory and visually evoked potentials (EP) have the ability to monitor cognitive changes after concussion. In the literature, decreases in EP are commonly reported; however, a subset of studies shows increased cortical activity after injury. We studied auditory and visual EP in 4-week-old female Yorkshire piglets (N = 35) divided into anesthetized sham, and animals subject to single (sRNR) and repeated (rRNR) rapid non-impact head rotations (RNR) in the sagittal direction. Two-tone auditory oddball tasks and a simple white-light visual stimulus were evaluated in piglets pre-injury, and at days 1, 4- and 7 post injury using a 32-electrode net. Traditional EP indices (N1, P2 amplitudes and latencies) were extracted, and a piglet model was used to source-localize the data to estimate brain regions related to auditory and visual processing. In comparison to each group's pre-injury baselines, auditory Eps and brain activity (but not visual activity) were decreased in sham. In contrast, sRNR had increases in N1 and P2 amplitudes from both stimuli. The rRNR group had decreased visual N1 amplitudes but faster visual P2 latencies. Auditory and visual EPs have different change trajectories after sRNR and rRNR, suggesting that injury biomechanics are an important factor to delineate neurofunctional deficits after concussion.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720867-9
    ISSN 2227-9059
    ISSN 2227-9059
    DOI 10.3390/biomedicines11071816
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  5. Article ; Online: Frequency-Dependent Changes in Resting State Electroencephalogram Functional Networks after Traumatic Brain Injury in Piglets.

    Atlan, Lorre S / Margulies, Susan S

    Journal of neurotrauma

    2019  Volume 36, Issue 17, Page(s) 2558–2578

    Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern in children, as it can cause chronic cognitive and behavioral deficits. The lack of objective involuntary metrics for the diagnosis of TBI makes prognosis more challenging, especially in the ... ...

    Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern in children, as it can cause chronic cognitive and behavioral deficits. The lack of objective involuntary metrics for the diagnosis of TBI makes prognosis more challenging, especially in the pediatric context, in which children are often unable to articulate their symptoms. Resting state electroencephalograms (EEG), which are inexpensive and non-invasive, and do not require subjects to perform cognitive tasks, have not yet been used to create functional brain networks in relation to TBI in children or non-human animals; here we report the first such study. We recorded resting state EEG in awake piglets before and after TBI, from which we generated EEG functional networks from the alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (16.5-25 Hz), broad (1-35 Hz), delta (1-3.5 Hz), gamma (30-35 Hz), sigma (13-16 Hz), and theta (4-7.5 Hz) frequency bands. We hypothesize that mild TBI will induce persistent frequency-dependent changes in the 4-week-old piglet at acute and chronic time points. Hyperconnectivity was found in several frequency band networks after TBI. This study serves as proof of concept that the study of EEG functional networks in awake piglets may be useful for the development of diagnostic metrics for TBI in children.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain/physiopathology ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/physiopathology ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Nerve Net/physiopathology ; Rest ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Swine ; Wakefulness
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 645092-1
    ISSN 1557-9042 ; 0897-7151
    ISSN (online) 1557-9042
    ISSN 0897-7151
    DOI 10.1089/neu.2017.5574
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  6. Article: Measurement and Finite Element Model Validation of Immature Porcine Brain-Skull Displacement during Rapid Sagittal Head Rotations.

    Pasquesi, Stephanie A / Margulies, Susan S

    Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology

    2018  Volume 6, Page(s) 16

    Abstract: Computational models are valuable tools for studying tissue-level mechanisms of traumatic brain injury, but to produce more accurate estimates of tissue deformation, these models must be validated against experimental data. In this study, we ... ...

    Abstract Computational models are valuable tools for studying tissue-level mechanisms of traumatic brain injury, but to produce more accurate estimates of tissue deformation, these models must be validated against experimental data. In this study, we present
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2719493-0
    ISSN 2296-4185
    ISSN 2296-4185
    DOI 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00016
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  7. Article: Multiple Head Rotations Result in Persistent Gait Alterations in Piglets.

    Mull, Mackenzie / Aderibigbe, Oluwagbemisola / Hajiaghamemar, Marzieh / Oeur, R Anna / Margulies, Susan S

    Biomedicines

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 11

    Abstract: Multiple/repeated mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in young children can cause long-term gait impairments and affect the developmental course of motor control. Using our swine model for mTBI in young children, our aim was to (i) establish a reference ... ...

    Abstract Multiple/repeated mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in young children can cause long-term gait impairments and affect the developmental course of motor control. Using our swine model for mTBI in young children, our aim was to (i) establish a reference range (RR) for each parameter to validate injury and track recovery, and (ii) evaluate changes in gait patterns following a single and multiple (5×) sagittal rapid non-impact head rotation (RNR). Gait patterns were studied in four groups of 4-week-old Yorkshire swine: healthy (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720867-9
    ISSN 2227-9059
    ISSN 2227-9059
    DOI 10.3390/biomedicines10112976
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  8. Article ; Online: Head Rotational Kinematics, Tissue Deformations, and Their Relationships to the Acute Traumatic Axonal Injury.

    Hajiaghamemar, Marzieh / Seidi, Morteza / Margulies, Susan S

    Journal of biomechanical engineering

    2020  Volume 142, Issue 3

    Abstract: Head rotational kinematics and tissue deformation metrics obtained from finite element models (FEM) have the potential to be used as traumatic axonal injury (TAI) assessment criteria and headgear evaluation standards. These metrics have been used to ... ...

    Abstract Head rotational kinematics and tissue deformation metrics obtained from finite element models (FEM) have the potential to be used as traumatic axonal injury (TAI) assessment criteria and headgear evaluation standards. These metrics have been used to predict the likelihood of TAI occurrence; however, their ability in the assessment of the extent of TAI has not been explored. In this study, a pig model of TAI was used to examine a wide range of head loading conditions in two directions. The extent of TAI was quantified through histopathology and correlated to the FEM-derived tissue deformations and the head rotational kinematics. Peak angular acceleration and maximum strain rate of axonal fiber and brain tissue showed relatively good correlation to the volume of axonal injury, with similar correlation trends for both directions separately or combined. These rotational kinematics and tissue deformations can estimate the extent of acute TAI. The relationships between the head kinematics and the tissue strain, strain rate, and strain times strain rate were determined over the experimental range examined herein, and beyond that through parametric simulations. These relationships demonstrate that peak angular velocity and acceleration affect the underlying tissue deformations and the knowledge of both help to predict TAI risk. These relationships were combined with the injury thresholds, extracted from the TAI risk curves, and the kinematic-based risk curves representing overall axonal and brain tissue strain and strain rate were determined for predicting TAI. After scaling to humans, these curves can be used for real-time TAI assessment.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Axons ; Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Finite Element Analysis ; Swine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 243094-0
    ISSN 1528-8951 ; 0148-0731
    ISSN (online) 1528-8951
    ISSN 0148-0731
    DOI 10.1115/1.4046393
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  9. Article ; Online: Nordihydroguaiaretic acid reduces secondary organ injury in septic rats after cecal ligation and puncture.

    Zubrow, Michael E / Margulies, Susan S / Yehya, Nadir

    PloS one

    2020  Volume 15, Issue 8, Page(s) e0237613

    Abstract: Background: Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a plant extract that has been shown to act as a free radical scavenger and pluripotent inhibitor of pro-inflammatory cytokines, two major cellular processes involved in the pathophysiology of sepsis. We ... ...

    Abstract Background: Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a plant extract that has been shown to act as a free radical scavenger and pluripotent inhibitor of pro-inflammatory cytokines, two major cellular processes involved in the pathophysiology of sepsis. We investigated whether NDGA would improve markers of organ injury as well as survival in a rodent model of sepsis.
    Methods: Abdominal sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and double puncture (CLP) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. NDGA was administered either at the time of injury (pre-) or 6 hours later (post-treatment). A sham surgery group and a vehicle only group were also followed as controls. Blood and lung tissue were collected 24 h after CLP. Lung tissue was used for histopathologic analysis and to measure pulmonary edema. Arterial oxygenation was measured directly to generate PaO2/FiO2, and markers of renal injury (blood urea nitrogen), liver injury (alanine aminotransferase), and tissue hypoxia (lactate) were measured. In a separate set of animals consisting of the same treatment groups, animals were followed for up to 36 hours for survival.
    Results: NDGA pre-treatment resulted in improved oxygenation, less lung edema, lower lactate, lower BUN, and reduced histologic lung injury. NDGA post-treatment resulted in less lung edema, lower lactate, lower BUN, and less histologic lung injury, but did not significantly change oxygenation. None of the NDGA treatment groups statistically affected ALT or creatinine. NDGA pre-treatment showed improved survival compared with control CLP animals at 36 hours, while post-treatment did not.
    Conclusions: NDGA represents a novel pleiotropic anti-inflammatory agent with potential clinical utility for modulation of organ injury secondary to sepsis.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Cecum/surgery ; Ligation/adverse effects ; Lung Diseases/drug therapy ; Lung Diseases/etiology ; Lung Diseases/pathology ; Male ; Masoprocol/pharmacology ; Punctures/adverse effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sepsis/surgery
    Chemical Substances Antioxidants ; Masoprocol (7BO8G1BYQU)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0237613
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  10. Article: NON-HEADER IMPACT EXPOSURE AND KINEMATICS OF MALE YOUTH SOCCER PLAYERS.

    Patton, Declan A / Huber, Colin M / Margulies, Susan S / Master, Christina L / Arbogast, Kristy B

    Biomedical sciences instrumentation

    2022  Volume 57, Issue 2, Page(s) 106–113

    Abstract: Previous studies have investigated the head impact kinematics of purposeful heading in youth soccer; however, less than a third of all head injuries in youth soccer have been found to involve ball contact. The aim of the current study was to identity the ...

    Abstract Previous studies have investigated the head impact kinematics of purposeful heading in youth soccer; however, less than a third of all head injuries in youth soccer have been found to involve ball contact. The aim of the current study was to identity the head impact kinematics and exposure not associated with purposeful heading of the ball in male youth soccer. Headband-mounted sensors were used to monitor the head kinematics of male junior varsity and middle school teams during games. Video analysis of sensor-recorded events was used to code impact mechanism, surface and site. Junior varsity players had non-header impact rates of 0.28 per athlete-exposure (AE) and 0.37 per player-hour (PH), whereas middle school players had relatively lower non-header impact rates of 0.16 per AE and 0.25 per PH. Such impact rates fell within the large range of values reported by previous studies, which is likely affected by sensor type and recording trigger threshold. The most common non-header impact mechanism in junior varsity soccer was player contact, whereas ball-to-head was the most common non-header impact mechanism in middle school soccer. Non-header impacts for junior varsity players had median peak kinematics of 31.0 g and 17.4 rad/s. Non-header impacts for middle school players had median peak kinematics of 40.6 g and 16.2 rad/s. For non-header impacts, ball impacts to the rear of the head the highest peak kinematics recorded by the sensor. Such data provide targets for future efforts in injury prevention, such as officiating efforts to control player-to-player contact.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 0067-8856 ; 0077-3565 ; 1054-0032
    ISSN 0067-8856 ; 0077-3565 ; 1054-0032
    DOI 10.34107/yhpn9422.04106
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