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Article ; Online: Descriptive aroma profiles of fresh sweet basil cultivars (Ocimum spp.): Relationship to volatile chemical composition.

Patel, Meera / Lee, Rachel / Merchant, Emily V / Juliani, H Rodolfo / Simon, Jame E / Tepper, Beverly J

2021 Volume 86, Issue 7, Page(s) 3228–3239

Abstract: Few studies have linked sensory descriptions of the aroma profiles of fresh, sweet basil varieties ... with their volatile chemistry. Using a recently developed lexicon for fresh basil, a descriptive panel characterized ... the aroma profiles of seven basil varieties. Chemical analysis of fresh basil leaves was performed using GC ...

Abstract	Few studies have linked sensory descriptions of the aroma profiles of fresh, sweet basil varieties with their volatile chemistry. Using a recently developed lexicon for fresh basil, a descriptive panel characterized the aroma profiles of seven basil varieties. Chemical analysis of fresh basil leaves was performed using GC-MS headspace analysis. Analysis of variance probed for differences in the sensory attributes among varieties and principal component analysis (PCA) related the sensory profiles to volatile chemical composition. Three commercial specialty basils, "Queenette Thai" (QT), "Sweet-Dani" (SD) lemon basil, and MC-9 (cinnamon basil) had strong anise, lemon, and cinnamon-like aromas, respectively. These basils were distinguished from breeding lines of traditional Italian sweet basils where SB-22, CB-1, and CB-39 exhibited strong anise-like aroma and SB-17 had strong "general spice" aromas, characteristic of a warm spice blend. The PCA accounted for 58.7% of the variation in the data and characterized the samples in two dimensions: general spice-citrus and cinnamon-like-anise. There was a strong correspondence between the sensory attributes and volatile chemical composition. SD associated with lemon aroma and citral content; QT, CB-1, and CB-39 associated with anise aroma and methyl chavicol; and MC-9 associated with the cinnamon-like aroma, methyl cinnamate. SB-17 and SB-22 associated with general spice aroma and were in close proximity to the spice-like volatiles, 1,8 cineole, and eugenol, associated with clove aroma. We constructed precise sensory/chemical profiles for fresh basil aroma that can be used to guide breeding programs for variety improvement to meet consumer expectations or market demand. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Sweet basil aroma is due to a complex array of several aromatic volatile compounds. The presence, concentration, and the particular ratios in which these aroma compounds accumulate significantly impact the sensory attributes. Understanding aroma profiles for fresh basil have practical applications in product development, procurement, food preparation, ethnic cuisine, and processing. Plant genetics and breeding of aroma profiles can be used and incorporated in plant improvement programs.
MeSH term(s)	Ocimum basilicum/chemistry ; Ocimum basilicum/metabolism ; Odorants/analysis ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis
Chemical Substances	Volatile Organic Compounds
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	241615-3
ISSN	1750-3841 ; 0022-1147
ISSN (online)	1750-3841
ISSN	0022-1147
DOI	10.1111/1750-3841.15797
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Article ; Online: Comparison of femoropopliteal plain balloon angioplasty for chronic limb-threatening ischemia in the BASIL trial and in a UK contemporary series.

Meecham, Lewis / Popplewell, Mathew / Bate, Gareth / Patel, Smitaa / Bradbury, Andrew W

Journal of vascular surgery

2021 Volume 74, Issue 6, Page(s) 1948–1955

Abstract: ... in Severe Ischaemia of the Leg (BASIL-1 [B1]) trial (treated 1999-2004).: Methods: Baseline and clinical ...

Abstract	Background: Since the turn of the millennium, there has been a worldwide trend towards an endovascular-first strategy where possible revascularization strategy for chronic limb-threatening ischemia. There is concern that this may be inappropriate and can result in net patient harm. The aim of this study, therefore, is to compare important clinical outcomes following femoropopliteal plain balloon angioplasty (FP-PBA), with selective use of bare metal stents (BMSs), in a contemporary series (CS) of patients treated in our unit between 2009 and 2014 with those observed following FP-PBA ± BMS in the United Kingdom National Institute of Health Research Health Technology Assessment-funded Bypass vs Angioplasty in Severe Ischaemia of the Leg (BASIL-1 [B1]) trial (treated 1999-2004). Methods: Baseline and clinical outcome data (amputation-free survival [AFS], overall survival [OS], limb salvage, freedom from reintervention, and freedom from major adverse limb events) were obtained from prospectively gathered hospital data and B1 trial case record forms. Results: There were 237 CS and 218 B1 patients. CS patients were older (77 vs 73 years; P = .0002). B1 patients were more likely to be current smokers, less likely to be on best medical therapy, and underwent more extensive endovascular interventions. CS had more hospital admissions (4 vs 2; P < .0001) before they reached their primary endpoint (AFS). Immediate technical success was nonsignificantly higher in the CS patients (87% vs 83%; P = .2). BMS were used in 20 CS (8%) and 2 B1 (1%) patients (P = .0002). AFS (hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.82; P = .0005) and OS (hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.76; P = .0001) were significantly worse in the CS cohort. There was no significant difference in limb salvage, freedom from reintervention, or freedom from major adverse limb events. Conclusions: Patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia managed in our unit (2009-2014) by means of a FP-PBA ± BMS first (where possible) revascularization strategy experienced significantly worse AFS and OS than patients treated with FP-PBA ± BMS in the B1 trial 10 years earlier (1999-2004).
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amputation ; Angioplasty, Balloon/adverse effects ; Angioplasty, Balloon/instrumentation ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Femoral Artery/diagnostic imaging ; Femoral Artery/physiopathology ; Humans ; Ischemia/diagnostic imaging ; Ischemia/physiopathology ; Ischemia/therapy ; Limb Salvage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/diagnostic imaging ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/physiopathology ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/therapy ; Popliteal Artery/diagnostic imaging ; Popliteal Artery/physiopathology ; Progression-Free Survival ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Retreatment ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Stents ; Time Factors ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605700-7
ISSN	1097-6809 ; 0741-5214
ISSN (online)	1097-6809
ISSN	0741-5214
DOI	10.1016/j.jvs.2021.06.475
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Article ; Online: BAlloon versus Stenting in severe Ischaemia of the Leg-3 (BASIL-3)

Benjamin D. Hunt / Matthew A. Popplewell / Huw Davies / Lewis Meecham / Hugh Jarrett / Gareth Bate / Margaret Grant / Smitaa Patel / Catherine Hewitt / Lazaros Andronis / Jonathan J. Deeks / Andrew Bradbury / on behalf of the BASIL-3 Collaborative Group

Trials, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-

study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

2017 Volume 9

Abstract: ... resources. Methods The BASIL-3 trial is a UK National Institute for Health Research, Health ... years and followed-up for between 2 and 5 years. Discussion BASIL-3 is a pragmatic RCT designed ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Severe limb ischaemia (SLI) is defined as the presence of rest pain and/or tissue loss secondary to lower extremity atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease. The superficial femoral and popliteal arteries are the most commonly diseased vessels in such patients and are being increasingly treated using endovascular revascularisation techniques. However, it is currently unknown whether drug-eluting stents and drug-coated balloons confer additional clinical benefits over more established techniques using plain balloons and bare metal stents, or whether they represent a cost-effective use of NHS resources. Methods The BASIL-3 trial is a UK National Institute for Health Research, Health Technology Assessment Programme-funded, multicentre, randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of plain balloon angioplasty with or without bail-out bare metal stenting, drug-coated balloon angioplasty with or without bail-out bare metal stenting, and primary stenting with drug-eluting stents for SLI secondary to femoro-popliteal disease. Patients with ‘multilevel’ disease may receive aorto-iliac and/or infrapopliteal treatments concurrently with their randomised femoro-popliteal intervention. The primary clinical outcome is amputation-free survival defined as the time to major (above the ankle) amputation of the index limb or death from any cause. The primary outcome for the economic analysis is cost per quality-adjusted life year. Secondary outcome measures include overall survival, major adverse limb events, major adverse cardiac events, relief of ischaemic pain, healing of tissue loss, and quality of life. The required sample size has been calculated at 861 participants (287 on each arm). These patients will be recruited over 3 years and followed-up for between 2 and 5 years. Discussion BASIL-3 is a pragmatic RCT designed to reflect current UK clinical practice. The results will inform decision-making regarding the appropriateness of funding the use of drug-coated ...
Keywords	Severe limb ischaemia ; Critical limb ischaemia ; Endovascular treatment ; Angioplasty ; Stent ; Drug-coated balloon ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The value of red light at night for increasing basil yield

Patel, Jaimin S / Leora Radetsky / Mark S. Rea

Canadian journal of plant science. 2018 July 6, v. 98, no. 6

2018

Abstract: Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is primarily used for culinary purposes, but it is also used ... in the fragrance and medicinal industries. In the last few years, global sweet basil production has been ... plant height and leaf size) and yield (number and weight of leaves) in basil plants. In two sets ...

Abstract	Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is primarily used for culinary purposes, but it is also used in the fragrance and medicinal industries. In the last few years, global sweet basil production has been significantly impacted by downy mildew caused by Peronospora belbahrii Thines. Nighttime exposure to red light has been shown to inhibit sporulation of P. belbahrii. The objective of this study was to determine if nighttime exposure to red light from light-emitting diodes (λₘₐₓ = 625 nm) could increase plant growth (plant height and leaf size) and yield (number and weight of leaves) in basil plants. In two sets of greenhouse experiments, red light was applied at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 60 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ during the otherwise dark night for 10 h (from 2000 to 0600). The results demonstrate that exposure to red light at night can increase the number of basil leaves per plant, plant height, leaf size (length and width), and leaf fresh and dry weight compared with plants in darkness at night. The addition of incremental red light at night has the potential to be cost-effective for fresh organic basil production in controlled environments.
Keywords	Ocimum basilicum ; Peronospora ; basil ; cost effectiveness ; crop yield ; downy mildew ; greenhouse experimentation ; industry ; leaves ; light emitting diodes ; odors ; organic foods ; photons ; photosynthesis ; plant growth ; plant height ; red light ; sporulation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0706
Size	p. 1321-1330.
Publishing place	Canadian Science Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	417255-3
ISSN	1918-1833 ; 0008-4220
ISSN (online)	1918-1833
ISSN	0008-4220
DOI	10.1139/cjps-2017-0343
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A vein bypass first versus a best endovascular treatment first revascularisation strategy for patients with chronic limb threatening ischaemia who required an infra-popliteal, with or without an additional more proximal infra-inguinal revascularisation procedure to restore limb perfusion (BASIL-2): an open-label, randomised, multicentre, phase 3 trial.

Lancet (London, England)

2023 Volume 401, Issue 10390, Page(s) 1798–1809

Abstract: ... for Severe Ischaemia of the Leg (BASIL)-2 was an open-label, pragmatic, multicentre, phase 3, randomised ... Interpretation: In the BASIL-2 trial, a best endovascular treatment first revascularisation strategy was ...

Abstract	Background: Chronic limb-threatening ischaemia is the severest manifestation of peripheral arterial disease and presents with ischaemic pain at rest or tissue loss (ulceration, gangrene, or both), or both. We compared the effectiveness of a vein bypass first with a best endovascular treatment first revascularisation strategy in terms of preventing major amputation and death in patients with chronic limb threatening ischaemia who required an infra-popliteal, with or without an additional more proximal infra-inguinal, revascularisation procedure to restore limb perfusion. Methods: Bypass versus Angioplasty for Severe Ischaemia of the Leg (BASIL)-2 was an open-label, pragmatic, multicentre, phase 3, randomised trial done at 41 vascular surgery units in the UK (n=39), Sweden (n=1), and Denmark (n=1). Eligible patients were those who presented to hospital-based vascular surgery units with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia due to atherosclerotic disease and who required an infra-popliteal, with or without an additional more proximal infra-inguinal, revascularisation procedure to restore limb perfusion. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either vein bypass (vein bypass group) or best endovascular treatment (best endovascular treatment group) as their first revascularisation procedure through a secure online randomisation system. Participants were excluded if they had ischaemic pain or tissue loss considered not to be primarily due to atherosclerotic peripheral artery disease. Most vein bypasses used the great saphenous vein and originated from the common or superficial femoral arteries. Most endovascular interventions comprised plain balloon angioplasty with selective use of plain or drug eluting stents. Participants were followed up for a minimum of 2 years. Data were collected locally at participating centres. In England, Wales, and Sweden, centralised databases were used to collect information on amputations and deaths. Data were analysed centrally at the Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit. The primary outcome was amputation-free survival defined as time to first major (above the ankle) amputation or death from any cause measured in the intention-to-treat population. Safety was assessed by monitoring serious adverse events up to 30-days after first revascularisation. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN27728689. Findings: Between July 22, 2014, and Nov 30, 2020, 345 participants (65 [19%] women and 280 [81%] men; median age 72·5 years [62·7-79·3]) with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia were enrolled in the trial and randomly assigned: 172 (50%) to the vein bypass group and 173 (50%) to the best endovascular treatment group. Major amputation or death occurred in 108 (63%) of 172 patients in the vein bypass group and 92 (53%) of 173 patients in the best endovascular treatment group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1·35 [95% CI 1·02-1·80]; p=0·037). 91 (53%) of 172 patients in the vein bypass group and 77 (45%) of 173 patients in the best endovascular treatment group died (adjusted HR 1·37 [95% CI 1·00-1·87]). In both groups the most common causes of morbidity and death, including that occurring within 30 days of their first revascularisation, were cardiovascular (61 deaths in the vein bypass group and 49 in the best endovascular treatment group) and respiratory events (25 deaths in the vein bypass group and 23 in the best endovascular treatment group; number of cardiovascular and respiratory deaths were not mutually exclusive). Interpretation: In the BASIL-2 trial, a best endovascular treatment first revascularisation strategy was associated with a better amputation-free survival, which was largely driven by fewer deaths in the best endovascular treatment group. These data suggest that more patients with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia who required an infra-popliteal, with or without an additional more proximal infra-inguinal, revascularisation procedure to restore limb perfusion should be considered for a best endovascular treatment first revascularisation strategy. Funding: UK National Institute of Health Research Health Technology Programme.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia ; Ocimum basilicum ; Ischemia/surgery ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/complications ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/surgery ; Risk Factors ; Perfusion ; Pain ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Multicenter Study ; Clinical Trial, Phase III ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3306-6
ISSN	1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
ISSN (online)	1474-547X
ISSN	0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
DOI	10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00462-2
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Article: Effective Downy Mildew Management in Basil Using Resistant Varieties, Environment Modifications, and Fungicides

Patel, Jaimin S. / Wyenandt, Christian A. / McGrath, Margaret T.

Plant health progress. 2021 Aug. 30, v. 22, no. 3

2021

Abstract: ... that causes basil downy mildew, since 2007, when it was first detected in the United States. Conventional ... at risk for resistance development, which has been documented outside the United States. Sweet basil ... to basil downy mildew. Knowledge about conditions favorable for infection and disease development has ...

Abstract	Considerable progress has been made in managing Peronospora belbahrii, an oomycete pathogen that causes basil downy mildew, since 2007, when it was first detected in the United States. Conventional fungicides have been registered and shown effective against P. belbahrii in replicated experiments in recent years. Unfortunately, because of their specific modes of action and P. belbahrii biology, some are at risk for resistance development, which has been documented outside the United States. Sweet basil varieties have been developed and commercialized, with most exhibiting good to high levels of resistance to basil downy mildew. Knowledge about conditions favorable for infection and disease development has resulted in the identification of cultural practices for managing basil downy mildew in the greenhouse. Practices being implemented include fans to move leaves, thus preventing water deposition and decreasing relative humidity, lighting at night to mitigate sporulation, and temperature modification to suppress disease development. Although downy mildew can be more effectively managed today, growers still experience losses, particularly when conditions are highly favorable for disease development. None of the organic fungicides or programs tested have provided adequate control for susceptible varieties, and limited testing has been done on resistant varieties to date. This review aims to summarize effective basil downy mildew management tools, in particular downy mildew-resistant varieties, environment modifications, and fungicide applications.
Keywords	Ocimum basilicum ; Peronospora ; basil ; downy mildew ; fungicides ; greenhouses ; pathogens ; relative humidity ; risk ; sporulation ; temperature
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0830
Size	p. 226-234.
Publishing place	The American Phytopathological Society
Document type	Article
ISSN	1535-1025
DOI	10.1094/PHP-02-21-0041-FI
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Descriptive aroma profiles of fresh sweet basil cultivars (Ocimum spp.): Relationship to volatile chemical composition

Patel, Meera / Lee, Rachel / Merchant, Emily V. / Juliani, H. Rodolfo / Simon, Jame E. / Tepper, Beverly J.

Journal of food science. 2021 July, v. 86, no. 7

2021

Abstract	Few studies have linked sensory descriptions of the aroma profiles of fresh, sweet basil varieties with their volatile chemistry. Using a recently developed lexicon for fresh basil, a descriptive panel characterized the aroma profiles of seven basil varieties. Chemical analysis of fresh basil leaves was performed using GC‐MS headspace analysis. Analysis of variance probed for differences in the sensory attributes among varieties and principal component analysis (PCA) related the sensory profiles to volatile chemical composition. Three commercial specialty basils, “Queenette Thai” (QT), “Sweet‐Dani” (SD) lemon basil, and MC‐9 (cinnamon basil) had strong anise, lemon, and cinnamon‐like aromas, respectively. These basils were distinguished from breeding lines of traditional Italian sweet basils where SB‐22, CB‐1, and CB‐39 exhibited strong anise‐like aroma and SB‐17 had strong “general spice” aromas, characteristic of a warm spice blend. The PCA accounted for 58.7% of the variation in the data and characterized the samples in two dimensions: general spice—citrus and cinnamon‐like—anise. There was a strong correspondence between the sensory attributes and volatile chemical composition. SD associated with lemon aroma and citral content; QT, CB‐1, and CB‐39 associated with anise aroma and methyl chavicol; and MC‐9 associated with the cinnamon‐like aroma, methyl cinnamate. SB‐17 and SB‐22 associated with general spice aroma and were in close proximity to the spice‐like volatiles, 1,8 cineole, and eugenol, associated with clove aroma. We constructed precise sensory/chemical profiles for fresh basil aroma that can be used to guide breeding programs for variety improvement to meet consumer expectations or market demand. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Sweet basil aroma is due to a complex array of several aromatic volatile compounds. The presence, concentration, and the particular ratios in which these aroma compounds accumulate significantly impact the sensory attributes. Understanding aroma profiles for fresh basil have practical applications in product development, procurement, food preparation, ethnic cuisine, and processing. Plant genetics and breeding of aroma profiles can be used and incorporated in plant improvement programs.
Keywords	Ocimum africanum ; Ocimum basilicum ; analysis of variance ; anise ; basil ; chemical composition ; cineole ; cinnamon ; citral ; cloves ; cuisine ; cultivars ; eugenol ; headspace analysis ; lemons ; methyl chavicol ; odors ; plant genetics ; plant improvement ; principal component analysis ; product development ; supply balance
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-07
Size	p. 3228-3239.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	241615-3
ISSN	1750-3841 ; 0022-1147
ISSN (online)	1750-3841
ISSN	0022-1147
DOI	10.1111/1750-3841.15797
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Comparison of Outcomes Following Infrapopliteal Plain Balloon Angioplasty in the BASIL Trial (1999-2004) and in a Contemporary Series (2009-2013).

Popplewell, Matthew A / Davies, Huw O B / Renton, Mary / Bate, Gareth / Patel, Smitaa / Deeks, Jonathan J / Bradbury, Andrew W

Vascular and endovascular surgery

2019 Volume 54, Issue 2, Page(s) 141–146

Abstract: ... Ischemia of the Leg (BASIL)-1 trial between 1999 and 2004 with outcomes in consecutive patients undergoing ... Individual patient data were obtained from prospective BASIL-1 (48 patients) and CS databases (73 patients ... Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.4.: Results: The BASIL and CS cohorts were well matched ...

Abstract	Objectives: To compare outcomes in patients randomized to infrapopliteal (IP) plain balloon angioplasty (PBA) for chronic limb-threatening ischemia within the Bypass versus Angioplasty in Severe Ischemia of the Leg (BASIL)-1 trial between 1999 and 2004 with outcomes in consecutive patients undergoing IP PBA at an academic vascular unit a decade later (2009-2013, Contemporary series [CS]). Methods: Individual patient data were obtained from prospective BASIL-1 (48 patients) and CS databases (73 patients). All had a minimum of 3-years of follow-up. Outcomes studied were amputation-free survival (AFS), overall survival (OS), major (above ankle) limb amputation, arterial reintervention, immediate technical success, and length of hospital stay for the index procedure and during the following 12-month period. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.4. Results: The BASIL and CS cohorts were well matched for gender, age, diabetes, previous stroke, myocardial infarction and arterial intervention, and presence of tissue loss. More patients in BASIL-1 underwent concomitant treatment of the superficial femoral (60% vs 37%, Conclusions: Despite improvements in the immediate technical angiographic success of IP PBA between BASIL and the CS, there were no significant improvements in survival outcomes. Results from BASIL-2 and BEST-CLI are required in order to properly define the clinical and cost-effectiveness of endovascular treatment in such patients.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amputation ; Angioplasty, Balloon/adverse effects ; Chronic Disease ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Humans ; Ischemia/diagnostic imaging ; Ischemia/physiopathology ; Ischemia/therapy ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/diagnostic imaging ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/physiopathology ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/therapy ; Popliteal Artery/diagnostic imaging ; Popliteal Artery/physiopathology ; Progression-Free Survival ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Vascular Patency
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2076272-0
ISSN	1938-9116 ; 1538-5744
ISSN (online)	1938-9116
ISSN	1538-5744
DOI	10.1177/1538574419887594
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Article: Continuous and Intermittent Light at Night, Using Red and Blue LEDs to Suppress Basil Downy Mildew Sporulation

Radetsky, Leora / Patel, Jaimin S / Rea, Mark S

HortScience. 2020 Apr., v. 55, no. 4

2020

Abstract: ... by Peronospora belbahrii, the causal organism of basil downy mildew (DM), but the suppressing effects ... intermittent nighttime exposures, to suppress basil DM sporulation. The two intermittent treatments consisted ... with blue or red LED top lighting at ≈60 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ were able to suppress basil DM sporulation by more ...

Abstract	Lighting from red and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is common for crop production in controlled environments. Continuous application of red or blue light at night has been shown to suppress sporulation by Peronospora belbahrii, the causal organism of basil downy mildew (DM), but the suppressing effects of intermittent applications of red and blue LEDs have not been thoroughly researched. This study examined the effects of red (λₘₐₓ = 670 nm) and blue (λₘₐₓ = 458 nm) LED top lighting, at two photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD = ≈12 and ≈60 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹), using continuous (10-hour) nighttime and two intermittent nighttime exposures, to suppress basil DM sporulation. The two intermittent treatments consisted of one 4-hour exposure and three 1.3-hour exposures spaced 3 hours apart. Continuous nighttime treatments with blue or red LED top lighting at ≈60 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ were able to suppress basil DM sporulation by more than 99%. At a given nighttime dose of light that did not completely suppress sporulation, continuous lighting was more effective than intermittent lighting, and for these partially suppressing doses, red LEDs were not significantly different from blue LEDs for suppressing sporulation. The present study showed that horticultural lighting systems using red and blue LEDs to grow crops during the day can also be used at night to suppress basil DM sporulation by up to 100%.
Keywords	Peronospora ; basil ; blue light ; crop production ; downy mildew ; horticulture ; lighting ; photons ; photosynthesis ; sporulation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-04
Size	p. 483-486.
Publishing place	American Society for Horticultural Science
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ISSN	2327-9834
DOI	10.21273/HORTSCI14822-19
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: BAlloon versus Stenting in severe Ischaemia of the Leg-3 (BASIL-3): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Hunt, Benjamin D / Popplewell, Matthew A / Davies, Huw / Meecham, Lewis / Jarrett, Hugh / Bate, Gareth / Grant, Margaret / Patel, Smitaa / Hewitt, Catherine / Andronis, Lazaros / Deeks, Jonathan J / Bradbury, Andrew

Trials

2017 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 224

Abstract: ... The BASIL-3 trial is a UK National Institute for Health Research, Health Technology Assessment Programme ... years and followed-up for between 2 and 5 years.: Discussion: BASIL-3 is a pragmatic RCT designed ...

Abstract	Background: Severe limb ischaemia (SLI) is defined as the presence of rest pain and/or tissue loss secondary to lower extremity atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease. The superficial femoral and popliteal arteries are the most commonly diseased vessels in such patients and are being increasingly treated using endovascular revascularisation techniques. However, it is currently unknown whether drug-eluting stents and drug-coated balloons confer additional clinical benefits over more established techniques using plain balloons and bare metal stents, or whether they represent a cost-effective use of NHS resources. Methods: The BASIL-3 trial is a UK National Institute for Health Research, Health Technology Assessment Programme-funded, multicentre, randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of plain balloon angioplasty with or without bail-out bare metal stenting, drug-coated balloon angioplasty with or without bail-out bare metal stenting, and primary stenting with drug-eluting stents for SLI secondary to femoro-popliteal disease. Patients with 'multilevel' disease may receive aorto-iliac and/or infrapopliteal treatments concurrently with their randomised femoro-popliteal intervention. The primary clinical outcome is amputation-free survival defined as the time to major (above the ankle) amputation of the index limb or death from any cause. The primary outcome for the economic analysis is cost per quality-adjusted life year. Secondary outcome measures include overall survival, major adverse limb events, major adverse cardiac events, relief of ischaemic pain, healing of tissue loss, and quality of life. The required sample size has been calculated at 861 participants (287 on each arm). These patients will be recruited over 3 years and followed-up for between 2 and 5 years. Discussion: BASIL-3 is a pragmatic RCT designed to reflect current UK clinical practice. The results will inform decision-making regarding the appropriateness of funding the use of drug-coated balloons and drug-eluting stents, by the NHS, for the management of SLI due to femoro-popliteal disease. Trial registration: ISRCTN Registry, identifier: ISRCTN14469736 . Registered on 22 October 2015.
MeSH term(s)	Amputation ; Angioplasty, Balloon/adverse effects ; Angioplasty, Balloon/economics ; Angioplasty, Balloon/instrumentation ; Cardiovascular Agents/administration & dosage ; Cardiovascular Agents/adverse effects ; Clinical Protocols ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible/economics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug-Eluting Stents/economics ; Health Care Costs ; Humans ; Ischemia/diagnosis ; Ischemia/economics ; Ischemia/physiopathology ; Ischemia/therapy ; Limb Salvage ; Lower Extremity/blood supply ; Metals ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/diagnosis ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/economics ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/physiopathology ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/therapy ; Prosthesis Design ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Regional Blood Flow ; Sample Size ; Severity of Illness Index ; State Medicine/economics ; Stents/economics ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; United Kingdom ; Vascular Access Devices/economics ; Vascular Patency
Chemical Substances	Cardiovascular Agents ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; Metals
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2040523-6
ISSN	1745-6215 ; 1468-6694 ; 1468-6708
ISSN (online)	1745-6215 ; 1468-6694
ISSN	1468-6708
DOI	10.1186/s13063-017-1968-6
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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