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  1. Article ; Online: Commentary on the medico-legal aspects of prescribing vitamin D.

    Downham, Scott / Holt, Christopher / Dockery, Frances / Webb, Andrew J

    British journal of clinical pharmacology

    2015  Volume 80, Issue 5, Page(s) 932–935

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Vitamin D/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comment ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 188974-6
    ISSN 1365-2125 ; 0306-5251 ; 0264-3774
    ISSN (online) 1365-2125
    ISSN 0306-5251 ; 0264-3774
    DOI 10.1111/bcp.12673
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  2. Article ; Online: Dynamin function is important for chemokine receptor-induced cell migration.

    Jacques, Richard O / Mills, Shirley C / Cazzonatto Zerwes, Paula / Fagade, Feyisope O / Green, John E / Downham, Scott / Sexton, Darren W / Mueller, Anja

    Cell biochemistry and function

    2015  Volume 33, Issue 6, Page(s) 407–414

    Abstract: The HIV viral entry co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 function physiologically as typical chemokine receptors. Activation leads to cytosolic signal transduction that results in a variety of cellular responses such as cytoskeletal rearrangement and chemotaxis ( ... ...

    Abstract The HIV viral entry co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 function physiologically as typical chemokine receptors. Activation leads to cytosolic signal transduction that results in a variety of cellular responses such as cytoskeletal rearrangement and chemotaxis (CTX). Our aim was to investigate the signalling pathways involved in CC and CXC receptor-mediated cell migration. Inhibition of dynamin I and II GTPase with dynasore completely inhibited CCL3-stimulated CTX in THP-1 cells, whereas the dynasore analogue Dyngo-4a, which is a more potent inhibitor, showed reduced ability to inhibit CC chemokine-induced CTX. In contrast, dynasore was not able to block cell migration via CXCR4. The same activation/inhibition pattern was verified in activated T lymphocytes for different CC and CXC chemokines. Cell migration induced by CC and CXC receptors does not rely on active internalization processes driven by dynamin because the blockade of internalization does not affect migration, but it might rely on dynamin interaction with the cytoskeleton. We identify here a functional difference in how CC and CXC receptor migration is controlled, suggesting that specific signalling networks are being employed for different receptor classes and potentially specific therapeutic targets to prevent receptor migration can be identified.
    MeSH term(s) Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement/drug effects ; Chemokine CCL3/metabolism ; Chemotaxis/drug effects ; Dynamins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Dynamins/chemistry ; Dynamins/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrazones/pharmacology ; Monocytes/cytology ; Monocytes/metabolism ; Naphthols/pharmacology ; Receptors, CCR5/metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
    Chemical Substances CCR5 protein, human ; Chemokine CCL3 ; Hydrazones ; N'-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthahydrazide ; Naphthols ; Receptors, CCR5 ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; dyngo-4a ; Dynamins (EC 3.6.5.5) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 283643-9
    ISSN 1099-0844 ; 0263-6484
    ISSN (online) 1099-0844
    ISSN 0263-6484
    DOI 10.1002/cbf.3131
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  3. Article: Is overheating a factor in some unexpected infant deaths?

    Stanton, A N / Scott, D J / Downham, M A

    Lancet (London, England)

    1980  Volume 1, Issue 8177, Page(s) 1054–1057

    Abstract: Clinical and pathological evidence of overheating was sought in a consecutive series of infants dying in Newcastle and Gateshead. In 8 of 33 cases of cot death investigated pathologically histological changes in the small intestine of the kind described ... ...

    Abstract Clinical and pathological evidence of overheating was sought in a consecutive series of infants dying in Newcastle and Gateshead. In 8 of 33 cases of cot death investigated pathologically histological changes in the small intestine of the kind described in association with heatstroke were seen. Such changes were not seen in any of 12 deaths from chronic or congenital conditions, and in only 1 of 8 acute explained deaths--in a baby who died with necrotising enterocolitis. 15 of 34 cot-death babies investigated clinically were judged to have been excessively clothed or covered at the time of death. 7 babies were unusually hot when found dead, and 4 others had been noticed to be hot shortly before death. 10 more babies had evidence of a terminal infection without observed fever. The possibility that overheating contributes to some cot deaths has important implications for health education.
    MeSH term(s) Clothing/adverse effects ; Female ; Hot Temperature/adverse effects ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestine, Small/pathology ; Male ; Sudden Infant Death/etiology ; Sudden Infant Death/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 1980-05-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3306-6
    ISSN 1474-547X ; 0140-6736 ; 0023-7507
    ISSN (online) 1474-547X
    ISSN 0140-6736 ; 0023-7507
    DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(80)91499-3
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  4. Article ; Online: Erratum to: Development of a Unifying Target and Consensus Indicators for Global Surgical Systems Strengthening: Proposed by the Global Alliance for Surgery, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care (The G4 Alliance).

    Haider, Adil / Scott, John W / Gause, Colin D / Meheš, Mira / Hsiung, Grace / Prelvukaj, Albulena / Yanocha, Dana / Baumann, Lauren M / Ahmed, Faheem / Ahmed, Na'eem / Anderson, Sara / Angate, Herve / Arfaa, Lisa / Asbun, Horacio / Ashengo, Tigistu / Asuman, Kisembo / Ayala, Ruben / Bickler, Stephen / Billingsley, Saul /
    Bird, Peter / Botman, Matthijs / Butler, Marilyn / Buyske, Jo / Capozzi, Angelo / Casey, Kathleen / Clayton, Charles / Cobey, James / Cotton, Michael / Deckelbaum, Dan / Derbew, Miliard / deVries, Catherine / Dillner, Jeanne / Downham, Max / Draisin, Natalie / Echinard, David / Elneil, Sohier / ElSayed, Ahmed / Estelle, Abigail / Finley, Allen / Frenkel, Erica / Frykman, Philip K / Gheorghe, Florin / Gore-Booth, Julian / Henker, Richard / Henry, Jaymie / Henry, Orion / Hoemeke, Laura / Hoffman, David / Ibanga, Iko / Jackson, Eric V / Jani, Pankaj / Johnson, Walter / Jones, Andrew / Kassem, Zeina / Kisembo, Asuman / Kocan, Abbey / Krishnaswami, Sanjay / Lane, Robert / Latif, Asad / Levy, Barbara / Linos, Dimitrios / Linz, Peter / Listwa, Louis A / Magee, Declan / Makasa, Emmanuel / Marin, Michael L / Martin, Claude / McQueen, Kelly / Morgan, Jamie / Moser, Richard / Neighbor, Robert / Novick, William M / Ogendo, Stephen / Omigbodun, Akinyinka / Onajin-Obembe, Bisola / Parsan, Neil / Philip, Beverly K / Price, Raymond / Rasheed, Shahnawaz / Ratel, Marjorie / Reynolds, Cheri / Roser, Steven M / Rowles, Jackie / Samad, Lubna / Sampson, John / Sanghvi, Harshadkumar / Sellers, Marchelle L / Sigalet, David / Steffes, Bruce C / Stieber, Erin / Swaroop, Mamta / Tarpley, John / Varghese, Asha / Varughese, Julie / Wagner, Richard / Warf, Benjamin / Wetzig, Neil / Williamson, Susan / Wood, Joshua / Zeidan, Anne / Zirkle, Lewis / Allen, Brendan / Abdullah, Fizan

    World journal of surgery

    2017  Volume 41, Issue 10, Page(s) 2423–2425

    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-04-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 224043-9
    ISSN 1432-2323 ; 0364-2313
    ISSN (online) 1432-2323
    ISSN 0364-2313
    DOI 10.1007/s00268-017-4067-7
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  5. Article ; Online: Development of a Unifying Target and Consensus Indicators for Global Surgical Systems Strengthening: Proposed by the Global Alliance for Surgery, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care (The G4 Alliance).

    Haider, Adil / Scott, John W / Gause, Colin D / Meheš, Mira / Hsiung, Grace / Prelvukaj, Albulena / Yanocha, Dana / Baumann, Lauren M / Ahmed, Faheem / Ahmed, Na'eem / Anderson, Sara / Angate, Herve / Arfaa, Lisa / Asbun, Horacio / Ashengo, Tigistu / Asuman, Kisembo / Ayala, Ruben / Bickler, Stephen / Billingsley, Saul /
    Bird, Peter / Botman, Matthijs / Butler, Marilyn / Buyske, Jo / Capozzi, Angelo / Casey, Kathleen / Clayton, Charles / Cobey, James / Cotton, Michael / Deckelbaum, Dan / Derbew, Miliard / deVries, Catherine / Dillner, Jeanne / Downham, Max / Draisin, Natalie / Echinard, David / Elneil, Sohier / ElSayed, Ahmed / Estelle, Abigail / Finley, Allen / Frenkel, Erica / Frykman, Philip K / Gheorghe, Florin / Gore-Booth, Julian / Henker, Richard / Henry, Jaymie / Henry, Orion / Hoemeke, Laura / Hoffman, David / Ibanga, Iko / Jackson, Eric V / Jani, Pankaj / Johnson, Walter / Jones, Andrew / Kassem, Zeina / Kisembo, Asuman / Kocan, Abbey / Krishnaswami, Sanjay / Lane, Robert / Latif, Asad / Levy, Barbara / Linos, Dimitrios / Linz, Peter / Listwa, Louis A / Magee, Declan / Makasa, Emmanuel / Marin, Michael L / Martin, Claude / McQueen, Kelly / Morgan, Jamie / Moser, Richard / Neighbor, Robert / Novick, William M / Ogendo, Stephen / Omigbodun, Akinyinka / Onajin-Obembe, Bisola / Parsan, Neil / Philip, Beverly K / Price, Raymond / Rasheed, Shahnawaz / Ratel, Marjorie / Reynolds, Cheri / Roser, Steven M / Rowles, Jackie / Samad, Lubna / Sampson, John / Sanghvi, Harshadkumar / Sellers, Marchelle L / Sigalet, David / Steffes, Bruce C / Stieber, Erin / Swaroop, Mamta / Tarpley, John / Varghese, Asha / Varughese, Julie / Wagner, Richard / Warf, Benjamin / Wetzig, Neil / Williamson, Susan / Wood, Joshua / Zeidan, Anne / Zirkle, Lewis / Allen, Brendan / Abdullah, Fizan

    World journal of surgery

    2017  Volume 41, Issue 10, Page(s) 2426–2434

    Abstract: After decades on the margins of primary health care, surgical and anaesthesia care is gaining increasing priority within the global development arena. The 2015 publications of the Disease Control Priorities third edition on Essential Surgery and the ... ...

    Abstract After decades on the margins of primary health care, surgical and anaesthesia care is gaining increasing priority within the global development arena. The 2015 publications of the Disease Control Priorities third edition on Essential Surgery and the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery created a compelling evidenced-based argument for the fundamental role of surgery and anaesthesia within cost-effective health systems strengthening global strategy. The launch of the Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care in 2015 has further coordinated efforts to build priority for surgical care and anaesthesia. These combined efforts culminated in the approval of a World Health Assembly resolution recognizing the role of surgical care and anaesthesia as part of universal health coverage. Momentum gained from these milestones highlights the need to identify consensus goals, targets and indicators to guide policy implementation and track progress at the national level. Through an open consultative process that incorporated input from stakeholders from around the globe, a global target calling for safe surgical and anaesthesia care for 80% of the world by 2030 was proposed. In order to achieve this target, we also propose 15 consensus indicators that build on existing surgical systems metrics and expand the ability to prioritize surgical systems strengthening around the world.
    MeSH term(s) Anesthesia ; Capacity Building ; Consensus ; Global Health ; Goals ; Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; Obstetrics ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Wounds and Injuries/surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 224043-9
    ISSN 1432-2323 ; 0364-2313
    ISSN (online) 1432-2323
    ISSN 0364-2313
    DOI 10.1007/s00268-017-4028-1
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  6. Article: Respiratory viruses and cot death.

    Scott, D J / Gardner, P S / McQuillin, J / Stanton, A N / Downham, M A

    British medical journal

    1978  Volume 2, Issue 6129, Page(s) 12–13

    Abstract: Respiratory viruses and histological appearances of the lung were studied prospectively in an unselected series of 104 children who died between 1 week and 2 years of age. Thirty-one of the cases were cot deaths. Seven of these showed evidence of active ... ...

    Abstract Respiratory viruses and histological appearances of the lung were studied prospectively in an unselected series of 104 children who died between 1 week and 2 years of age. Thirty-one of the cases were cot deaths. Seven of these showed evidence of active virus infection in the lower respiratory tract. Similar evidence was found in two children who died from known causes and did not have a severe respiratory illness terminally. Although in some cases of cot death respiratory viruses may be responsible for a severe and rapidly overwhelming illness, the present results are compatible with an alternative hypothesis-namely, that minor respiratory illness may trigger sudden apnoea.
    MeSH term(s) Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung/microbiology ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Respiratory Tract Infections/complications ; Sudden Infant Death/etiology ; Virus Diseases/complications ; Viruses/isolation & purification
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 1978-07-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80088-0
    ISSN 0007-1447 ; 0267-0623 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-8146
    ISSN 0007-1447 ; 0267-0623 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-8146
    DOI 10.1136/bmj.2.6129.12
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  7. Article: Breast-feeding protects against respiratory syncytial virus infections.

    Downham, M A / Scott, R / Sims, D G / Webb, J K / Gardner, P S

    British medical journal

    1976  Volume 2, Issue 6030, Page(s) 274–276

    Abstract: Eight out of 115 infants admitted to hospital with respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection had been breast-fed compared with 46 out of 167 controls; this difference was statistically significant. Twenty-one specimens of human colostrum were examined, ... ...

    Abstract Eight out of 115 infants admitted to hospital with respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection had been breast-fed compared with 46 out of 167 controls; this difference was statistically significant. Twenty-one specimens of human colostrum were examined, and all contained RS virus neutralising activity. Specific IgA and IgG were detected in 18 specimens, whereas IgM was detected in none. The titre of IgA antibody was usually higher and correlated more closely to the titre of neutralising activity than that of IgG. Infants inhale milk feeds and regurgitate them through the nose, and the IgA collecting in the respiratory tract might protect against severe respiratory infection. Alternatively, if severe RS virus illness is a sign of hypersensitivity to the virus breast-feeding might protect the infant from an early sensitising infection.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Breast Feeding ; Colostrum/immunology ; England ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A/analysis ; Immunoglobulin G/analysis ; Infant ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/immunology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G
    Language English
    Publishing date 1976-07-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80088-0
    ISSN 0007-1447 ; 0267-0623 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-8146
    ISSN 0007-1447 ; 0267-0623 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-8146
    DOI 10.1136/bmj.2.6030.274
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