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Article: Examining ethnic differences in age at sexual debut among adolescent girls in the Gambia.

Lowe, Mat / Mendez Rojas, Bomar

2023 Volume 25, Issue 3, Page(s) 78–82

Abstract: Whether age at sexual debut is influenced by adolescents' ethnicity has not been examined in the Gambia. The aim of this study was to assess ethnic differences in age at sexual debut among girls in 24 rural Gambian settlements. A cross-sectional ... ...

Abstract	Whether age at sexual debut is influenced by adolescents' ethnicity has not been examined in the Gambia. The aim of this study was to assess ethnic differences in age at sexual debut among girls in 24 rural Gambian settlements. A cross-sectional household survey of 181 respondents aged (10-19 years) was conducted among girls belonging to the three main ethnic groups (Mandinka, Fula and Wolof). Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression were used to show the onset of sexual intercourse and describe the patterns of sexual debut by ethnic group among respondents. All the analyses were conducted in Stata 12.0. The study findings showed that the lowest median age at sexual debut is among Mandinka and Wolof girls (14 years). The results of ordinal logistic regression indicate that girls in the Mandinka and Wolof ethnic groups are approximately 20% less likely to initiate sex at an early age than girls in the Fula ethnic group. On the other hand, girls with more than 1 year of education are less likely to initiate sex at an early age than those with less than 1 year of education. It was also found that girls who live with their mothers are 71% less likely to have an early sexual debut than those who do not. These findings suggest ethnic differences in age at sexual debut among girls in the Gambia. The findings also highlight the importance of female education and living with a mother in reducing the chances of early sexual debut among adolescent girls.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-10
Publishing country	Nigeria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2111906-5
ISSN	1118-4841
ISSN	1118-4841
DOI	10.29063/ajrh2021/v25i3.9
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Migrants in transit across Central America and the potential spread of chloroquine resistant malaria-a call for action.

Agudelo Higuita, Nelson Iván / Franco-Paredes, Carlos / Henao-Martínez, Andrés F / Mendez Rojas, Bomar / Suarez, José Antonio / Naranjo, Laura / Alger, Jackeline

Lancet regional health. Americas

2023 Volume 22, Page(s) 100505

Abstract: Human migration has shaped the distribution and patterns of infectious diseases transmission throughout history. Migration is one of the contributing factors that has played an important role in the dissemination of drug- ... ...

Abstract	Human migration has shaped the distribution and patterns of infectious diseases transmission throughout history. Migration is one of the contributing factors that has played an important role in the dissemination of drug-resistant
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2667-193X
ISSN (online)	2667-193X
DOI	10.1016/j.lana.2023.100505
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Social and cultural factors perpetuating early marriage in rural Gambia: an exploratory mixed methods study.

Lowe, Mat / Joof, Mamsamba / Rojas, Bomar Mendez

F1000Research

2019 Volume 8, Page(s) 1949

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Gambia ; Humans ; Male ; Marriage ; Rural Population ; Sexual Behavior ; Social Conditions ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2699932-8
ISSN	2046-1402 ; 2046-1402
ISSN (online)	2046-1402
ISSN	2046-1402
DOI	10.12688/f1000research.21076.3
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Article ; Online: Social and cultural factors perpetuating early marriage in rural Gambia

Mat Lowe / Mamsamba Joof / Bomar Mendez Rojas

F1000Research, Vol

an exploratory mixed methods study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

2020 Volume 8

Abstract: Background: Over the last two decades, early marriage in the Gambia declined significantly (from 58% to 30%), however this rate is still high. The reasons for the decline but continuing practice of early marriage, despite existing legislation prohibiting ...

Abstract	Background: Over the last two decades, early marriage in the Gambia declined significantly (from 58% to 30%), however this rate is still high. The reasons for the decline but continuing practice of early marriage, despite existing legislation prohibiting child marriage, are not very well understood. Very few studies have been conducted to find out what and how local factors influence decisions about early marriage in the Gambia. More information is therefore needed on underlying reasons for the persistence of early marriage in the Gambia so that program managers can use this information to design strategies to decrease early marriages. Methods: The study was conducted in 24 rural settlements in Lower Baddibu District in the North Bank Region of the Gambia. It was based on a mixed-methods design including a cross-sectional household survey with a sample of 181 female adolescents, focus group discussions with 16 male and female parents, and eight key informant interviews with community-based decision makers. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic content analysis, while survey data were analyzed using Stata. Results: The study finds that ethnicity and the fear that girls may engage in premarital sex are two important factors associated with early marriage in rural Gambia. In addition, lack of meaningful alternatives to marriage including work opportunities in rural areas may also limit the options and resources available to girls, resulting in early wedlock. Conclusions: These findings suggest that in order to decrease early marriages in rural Gambia, future efforts should focus on understanding and addressing the role of ethnicity in determining marriage patterns and allaying the fear around premarital sex.The findings also suggest a need to provide girls with employment-oriented education including vocational skills which may result into more empowerment and a delay in marriage.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	F1000 Research Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Social and cultural factors perpetuating early marriage in rural Gambia

Mat Lowe / Mamsamba Joof / Bomar Mendez Rojas

F1000Research, Vol

an exploratory mixed methods study [version 3; peer review: 2 approved]

2020 Volume 8

Abstract	Background: Over the last two decades, early marriage in the Gambia declined significantly (from 58% to 30%), however this rate is still high. The reasons for the decline but continuing practice of early marriage, despite existing legislation prohibiting child marriage, are not very well understood. Very few studies have been conducted to find out what and how local factors influence decisions about early marriage in the Gambia. More information is therefore needed on underlying reasons for the persistence of early marriage in the Gambia so that program managers can use this information to design strategies to decrease early marriages. Methods: The study was conducted in 24 rural settlements in Lower Baddibu District in the North Bank Region of the Gambia. It was based on a mixed-methods design including a cross-sectional household survey with a sample of 181 female adolescents, focus group discussions with 16 male and female parents, and eight key informant interviews with community-based decision makers. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic content analysis, while survey data were analyzed using Stata. Results: The study finds that ethnicity and the fear that girls may engage in premarital sex are two important factors associated with early marriage in rural Gambia. In addition, lack of meaningful alternatives to marriage including work opportunities in rural areas may also limit the options and resources available to girls, resulting in early wedlock. Conclusions: These findings suggest that in order to decrease early marriages in rural Gambia, future efforts should focus on understanding and addressing the role of ethnicity in determining marriage patterns and allaying the fear around premarital sex.The findings also suggest a need to provide girls with employment-oriented education including vocational skills which may result into more empowerment and a delay in marriage.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	F1000 Research Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Migrants in transit across Central America and the potential spread of chloroquine resistant malaria–a call for action

Nelson Iván Agudelo Higuita / Carlos Franco-Paredes / Andrés F. Henao-Martínez / Bomar Mendez Rojas / José Antonio Suarez / Laura Naranjo / Jackeline Alger

The Lancet Regional Health. Americas, Vol 22, Iss , Pp 100505- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Summary: Human migration has shaped the distribution and patterns of infectious diseases transmission throughout history. Migration is one of the contributing factors that has played an important role in the dissemination of drug-resistant Plasmodium ... ...

Abstract	Summary: Human migration has shaped the distribution and patterns of infectious diseases transmission throughout history. Migration is one of the contributing factors that has played an important role in the dissemination of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Central America and Mexico are important transit points of an increasing migrant flow originating from countries where chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum and vivax are prevalent. Surveillance systems, as well as detection and diagnostic capacities in the Central American region, are limited. The additional challenges imposed by the increasingly mobile population in the region are creating the perfect scenario for the emergence or re-emergence of infectious diseases, such as the introduction of chloroquine-resistant malaria. The development and implementation of transborder, collaborative, and ethical migrant health initiatives in the region are urgently needed. The health of migrant people in transit during their migratory route is of our collective interest and responsibility; their exclusion from health programs based on their legal status contradicts international human rights treaties and is inconsistent with ethical global public health practice.
Keywords	Central America ; Drug resistance ; Malaria ; Transients and migrants ; Panama ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	170
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Unintentional ingestion of Cordyceps fungus-infected cicada nymphs causing ibotenic acid poisoning in Southern Vietnam.

Doan, Uyen Vy / Mendez Rojas, Bomar / Kirby, Ralph

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)

2017 Volume 55, Issue 8, Page(s) 893–896

Abstract: Background: Cordyceps fungus found in infected cicada nymphs ("cicada flowers") is utilized in traditional Chinese medicine. Cordyceps fungus toxicity in humans has not been previously reported. We report 60 cases of apparent Cordyceps poisoning in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Cordyceps fungus found in infected cicada nymphs ("cicada flowers") is utilized in traditional Chinese medicine. Cordyceps fungus toxicity in humans has not been previously reported. We report 60 cases of apparent Cordyceps poisoning in Southern Vietnam. Methods: We retrospectively collected demographic and clinical data from the medical records (21 cases) and by telephone interview (39 cases) of patients admitted to seven hospitals in Southern Vietnam following ingestion of cicada flowers between 2008 and 2015. We also determined the species of Cordyceps present in the cicada flowers and performed a partial chemical analysis of the fungus. Results: Sixty cases of toxic effects following ingestion of cicada flowers were documented. Symptom onset occurred within 60 minutes following ingestion. Symptoms included dizziness, vomiting, salivation, mydriasis, jaw stiffness, urinary retention, seizures, agitated delirium, hallucinations, somnolence and coma. None of the patients suffered liver or kidney injury. There was one fatality. The Cordyceps fungus involved in these poisoning was identified as Ophiocordyceps heteropoda. The presence of ibotenic acid was confirmed, but musimol and muscarine were absent. Conclusions: Cicada infected with Ophiocordyceps heteropoda in Vietnam contain ibotenic acid and are associated with a clinical syndrome consistent with its effects.
MeSH term(s)	Accidents ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Cordyceps/classification ; Cordyceps/isolation & purification ; Cordyceps/metabolism ; Female ; Food Microbiology ; Foodborne Diseases/diagnosis ; Foodborne Diseases/etiology ; Foodborne Diseases/microbiology ; Foodborne Diseases/mortality ; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal/classification ; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal/isolation & purification ; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal/metabolism ; Hemiptera/embryology ; Hemiptera/microbiology ; Humans ; Ibotenic Acid/metabolism ; Ibotenic Acid/poisoning ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nymph ; Retrospective Studies ; Soil Microbiology ; Vietnam ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Ibotenic Acid (2552-55-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	204476-6
ISSN	1556-9519 ; 0009-9309 ; 0731-3810 ; 1556-3650
ISSN (online)	1556-9519
ISSN	0009-9309 ; 0731-3810 ; 1556-3650
DOI	10.1080/15563650.2017.1319066
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Article ; Online: Determinants and materno-fetal outcomes related to cesarean section delivery in private and public hospitals in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Beogo, Idrissa / Mendez Rojas, Bomar / Gagnon, Marie-Pierre

Systematic reviews

2017 Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 5

Abstract: Background: Despite the well-established morbidity, mortality, long-term effects, and unnecessary extra-cost burden associated with cesarean section delivery (CSD) worldwide, its rate has grown exponentially. This has become a great topical challenge ... ...

Abstract	Background: Despite the well-established morbidity, mortality, long-term effects, and unnecessary extra-cost burden associated with cesarean section delivery (CSD) worldwide, its rate has grown exponentially. This has become a great topical challenge for the international healthcare community and individual countries. Estimated at three times the acceptable rate as defined by the World Health Organization in 1985, the continued upward trend has been fuelled by higher income countries. Some low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have now taken the lead, and the factors contributing to this situation are poorly understood. The expansion of the private healthcare sector may be playing a significant role. Distinguishing between the public and private hospitals' role is critical in this investigation as it has not yet been approached. This review aims to systematically synthesize knowledge on the determinants of the CSD rate rise in private and public hospitals in LMICs and to investigate materno-fetal and materno-infant outcomes of CSD in perinatal period, between private and public hospitals. Methods/design: We will include studies published in English, French, Spanish, and Portuguese since 2000, using any experimental design, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, quasi-experimental, before and after studies, and interrupted time series. Outcomes of interest are the determinants of CSD and materno-fetal and materno-infant outcomes. We will only include studies carried out in private and public hospitals in LMICs. The literature searches will be conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane database, LILACS, and HINARI. We will also include unpublished studies in the gray literature (theses and technical reports). Using the two-person approach, two independent review authors will screen eligible articles, extract data, and assess risk of bias. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion with a third author. Results will be presented as structured summaries of the included studies. If possible, a meta-analysis will be conducted and, subsequently, an analysis for heterogeneity will be implemented. Discussion: The proposed systematic review of the CSD rate rise will provide up-to-date evidence in regard to differences in proportions, determinants, and materno-fetal and materno-infant outcomes in perinatal period, between private and public hospitals in LMICs. We believe that this knowledge synthesis will help to shed light on the evidence and support evidence-informed decision-making with a view to addressing the issue in LMICs. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42016036871.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662257-9
ISSN	2046-4053 ; 2046-4053
ISSN (online)	2046-4053
ISSN	2046-4053
DOI	10.1186/s13643-016-0402-6
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Article ; Online: Critical assessment of refugees' needs in post-emergency context: the case of Malian war refugees settled in Northern Burkina Faso.

Beogo, Idrissa / Darboe, Amadou / Oluwafunmilade Adesanya, A / Mendez Rojas, Bomar

BMC international health and human rights

2018 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 38

Abstract: Background: Empirically assessing the needs of refugees in camps is critical to the improvement of existing policies and programs that aim at enhancing their well-being. By neglecting the needs of refugees, interventions may fail to capture the complex ... ...

Abstract	Background: Empirically assessing the needs of refugees in camps is critical to the improvement of existing policies and programs that aim at enhancing their well-being. By neglecting the needs of refugees, interventions may fail to capture the complex patterns of refugees' daily lives within camps. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the needs of encamped Malian refugees in Northern Burkina Faso following the 2012-armed conflict. In addition to assessing the needs of Malian refugees, the study aimed to critically assess from an upstream perspective the degree of their involvement in policies and practices that are targeted towards improving their livelihood. Methods: We took an "upstream" view on the lives of Malian refugees to identify their unmet needs. A purposive sampling strategy was employed to collect data from various media sources, including data aggregated from the website of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The most populous refugee camp (Mentao) was visited in September 2012 and in-depth group discussion and interviews were conducted with key informants, including nine camp representatives and four officials from the central and decentralized administrations. Results: Media canvass combined with the UNHCR level 2 census revealed a flawed headcount of refugees, which was 205.4% higher than the real number in Burkina Faso. Although refugees live harmoniously with the natives and their security has been assured, they strongly complained about the number of unused food items distributed. Camps were distributed among humanitarian organizations leading to differential advantage and resources from one camp to another. Additionally, idleness, lack of classrooms facilities for pre-school children and lack of continuous healthcare services were major concerns raised. Further, refugees expressed limited involvement in the planning and implementation of programs that are related to their welfare. Conclusion: This study revealed that refugees' voices were not taken into consideration in making tailor-made programs. This calls for more comprehensive surge capacity to deal with refugees' basic needs. Further, a strong leadership from hoststate should be encouraged to offer equal opportunities to refugees regardless of their camps. Finally, an innovative strategy is needed to build a reliable database that could enhance the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programs.
MeSH term(s)	Armed Conflicts ; Burkina Faso ; Developing Countries ; Health Services Accessibility ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Mali/ethnology ; Refugees/psychology ; Relief Work/organization & administration ; United Nations
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1472-698X
ISSN (online)	1472-698X
DOI	10.1186/s12914-018-0176-0
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Article ; Online: Critical assessment of refugees’ needs in post-emergency context

Idrissa Beogo / Amadou Darboe / A. Oluwafunmilade Adesanya / Bomar Mendez Rojas

BMC International Health and Human Rights, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-

the case of Malian war refugees settled in Northern Burkina Faso

2018 Volume 10

Abstract: Abstract Background Empirically assessing the needs of refugees in camps is critical to the improvement of existing policies and programs that aim at enhancing their well-being. By neglecting the needs of refugees, interventions may fail to capture the ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Empirically assessing the needs of refugees in camps is critical to the improvement of existing policies and programs that aim at enhancing their well-being. By neglecting the needs of refugees, interventions may fail to capture the complex patterns of refugees’ daily lives within camps. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the needs of encamped Malian refugees in Northern Burkina Faso following the 2012-armed conflict. In addition to assessing the needs of Malian refugees, the study aimed to critically assess from an upstream perspective the degree of their involvement in policies and practices that are targeted towards improving their livelihood. Methods We took an “upstream” view on the lives of Malian refugees to identify their unmet needs. A purposive sampling strategy was employed to collect data from various media sources, including data aggregated from the website of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The most populous refugee camp (Mentao) was visited in September 2012 and in-depth group discussion and interviews were conducted with key informants, including nine camp representatives and four officials from the central and decentralized administrations. Results Media canvass combined with the UNHCR level 2 census revealed a flawed headcount of refugees, which was 205.4% higher than the real number in Burkina Faso. Although refugees live harmoniously with the natives and their security has been assured, they strongly complained about the number of unused food items distributed. Camps were distributed among humanitarian organizations leading to differential advantage and resources from one camp to another. Additionally, idleness, lack of classrooms facilities for pre-school children and lack of continuous healthcare services were major concerns raised. Further, refugees expressed limited involvement in the planning and implementation of programs that are related to their welfare. Conclusion This study revealed that refugees’ voices were not taken ...
Keywords	Critical assessment ; Mali ; War ; Refugee ; Humanitarian organizations ; Burkina Faso ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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