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Article ; Online: Computational Methods for the Discovery and Annotation of Viral Integrations.

Palatini, Umberto / Pischedda, Elisa / Bonizzoni, Mariangela

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2022 Volume 2509, Page(s) 293–313

Abstract: The transfer of genetic material between viruses and eukaryotic cells is pervasive. Somatic integrations of DNA viruses and retroviruses have been linked to persistent viral infection and genotoxic effects. Integrations into germline cells, referred to ... ...

Abstract	The transfer of genetic material between viruses and eukaryotic cells is pervasive. Somatic integrations of DNA viruses and retroviruses have been linked to persistent viral infection and genotoxic effects. Integrations into germline cells, referred to as Endogenous Viral Elements (EVEs), can be co-opted for host functions. Besides DNA viruses and retroviruses, EVEs can also derive from nonretroviral RNA viruses, which have often been observed in piRNA clusters. Here, we describe a bioinformatic framework to annotate EVEs in a genome assembly, study their widespread occurrence and polymorphism and identify sample-specific viral integrations using whole genome sequencing data.
MeSH term(s)	DNA Viruses/genetics ; RNA Viruses/genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; Virus Integration ; Viruses/genetics
Chemical Substances	RNA, Small Interfering
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-0716-2380-0_18
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Article ; Online: Correction: Virome and nrEVEome diversity of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes from La Reunion Island and China.

Palatini, Umberto / Alfano, Niccolò / Carballar-Lejarazu, Rebeca / Chen, Xiao-Guang / Delatte, Helene / Bonizzoni, Mariangela

Virology journal

2022 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 211

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2160640-7
ISSN	1743-422X ; 1743-422X
ISSN (online)	1743-422X
ISSN	1743-422X
DOI	10.1186/s12985-022-01950-8
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Article ; Online: Accuracy of the oscillometric method for the measurement of heart rate at rest and during mild exercise.

Palatini, Paolo / Lazzaretto, Ilaria / Fontana, Umberto / Fania, Claudio

Journal of hypertension

2021 Volume 40, Issue 2, Page(s) 240–244

Abstract: Objective: Whether oscillometric devices provide accurate measurements of heart rate (HR) is not known. Our aim was to determine the accuracy of an oscillometric device for the measurement of HR during rest and exercise.: Methods: The Microlife ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Whether oscillometric devices provide accurate measurements of heart rate (HR) is not known. Our aim was to determine the accuracy of an oscillometric device for the measurement of HR during rest and exercise. Methods: The Microlife WatchBP O3, a monitor previously validated for blood pressure measurement, was tested in 36 individuals from the general population (mean age, 72.9 years; 18 men). HR was measured at rest and during stress testing on a cycle ergometer in order to increase HR by 15% or more. HR was computed from the oscillometric waves recorded during the deflation phase of the blood pressure measurement and was compared with HR measured by pulse palpation by two observers. Results: At rest, the mean device-observer HR difference was 0.9 ± 2.1 bpm. During exercise, the average HR increase was 20.3% and the mean device-observer difference was 0.6 ± 2.6 bpm. The device-observer HR differences were all included within ±6 bpm both at rest and during exercise. Kappa statistics showed a very good agreement between device and observers both at rest (kappa scores, 0.82-0.88) and during exercise (kappa scores, 0.81 and 0.86). The device-observer HR differences were unrelated to the level of HR or to pulse pressure. Conclusion: The present study shows that the oscillometric technique is able to provide reliable HR measurements during rest and mild exercise. Whether evaluation of HR performance should be included during validation testing of automatic monitors should be established by regulatory bodies.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Determination ; Exercise ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Oscillometry
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605532-1
ISSN	1473-5598 ; 0263-6352 ; 0952-1178
ISSN (online)	1473-5598
ISSN	0263-6352 ; 0952-1178
DOI	10.1097/HJH.0000000000002998
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Zs.A 1885: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Leaning Into the Bite: The piRNA Pathway as an Exemplar for the Genetic Engineering Need in Mosquitoes.

Macias, Vanessa M / Palatini, Umberto / Bonizzoni, Mariangela / Rasgon, Jason L

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

2021 Volume 10, Page(s) 614342

Abstract: The piRNA pathway is a specialized small RNA interference that in mosquitoes is mechanistically distant from analogous biology in ... ...

Abstract	The piRNA pathway is a specialized small RNA interference that in mosquitoes is mechanistically distant from analogous biology in the
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Culicidae/genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; Mosquito Vectors ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
Chemical Substances	RNA, Small Interfering
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2619676-1
ISSN	2235-2988 ; 2235-2988
ISSN (online)	2235-2988
ISSN	2235-2988
DOI	10.3389/fcimb.2020.614342
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Article: Endogenous viral elements in mosquito genomes: current knowledge and outstanding questions

Palatini, Umberto / Contreras, Claudia A / Gasmi, Laila / Bonizzoni, Mariangela

Current opinion in insect science. 2022 Feb., v. 49

2022

Abstract: Integrations from non-retroviral RNA viruses (nrEVEs) have been identified across several taxa, including mosquitoes. Amongst all Culicinae species, the viral vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus stand out for their high number of nrEVEs. In ... ...

Abstract	Integrations from non-retroviral RNA viruses (nrEVEs) have been identified across several taxa, including mosquitoes. Amongst all Culicinae species, the viral vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus stand out for their high number of nrEVEs. In addition, Aedes nrEVEs are enriched in piRNA clusters and generate piRNAs that can silence incoming viral genomes. As such, nrEVEs represent a new form of inherited antiviral immunity. To propel this discovery into novel transmission-blocking vector control strategies, a deeper understanding of nrEVE biology and evolution is essential because differences in the landscape of nrEVEs have been identified in wild-caught mosquitoes, the piRNA profile of nrEVEs is not homogeneous and nrEVEs outside piRNA clusters exist and are expressed at the mRNA level. Here we summarise current knowledge on nrEVEs in mosquitoes and we point out the many unanswered questions and potentials of these genomic elements.
Keywords	Aedes aegypti ; Aedes albopictus ; evolution ; gene expression ; genomics ; immunity ; insects ; landscapes ; vector control ; viral genome
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-02
Size	p. 22-30.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2772833-X
ISSN	2214-5753 ; 2214-5745
ISSN (online)	2214-5753
ISSN	2214-5745
DOI	10.1016/j.cois.2021.10.007
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Endogenous viral elements in mosquito genomes: current knowledge and outstanding questions.

Palatini, Umberto / Contreras, Claudia A / Gasmi, Laila / Bonizzoni, Mariangela

Current opinion in insect science

2021 Volume 49, Page(s) 22–30

Abstract	Integrations from non-retroviral RNA viruses (nrEVEs) have been identified across several taxa, including mosquitoes. Amongst all Culicinae species, the viral vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus stand out for their high number of nrEVEs. In addition, Aedes nrEVEs are enriched in piRNA clusters and generate piRNAs that can silence incoming viral genomes. As such, nrEVEs represent a new form of inherited antiviral immunity. To propel this discovery into novel transmission-blocking vector control strategies, a deeper understanding of nrEVE biology and evolution is essential because differences in the landscape of nrEVEs have been identified in wild-caught mosquitoes, the piRNA profile of nrEVEs is not homogeneous and nrEVEs outside piRNA clusters exist and are expressed at the mRNA level. Here we summarise current knowledge on nrEVEs in mosquitoes and we point out the many unanswered questions and potentials of these genomic elements.
MeSH term(s)	Aedes/genetics ; Animals ; Genome, Viral ; Mosquito Vectors ; RNA Viruses ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
Chemical Substances	RNA, Small Interfering
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2772833-X
ISSN	2214-5753 ; 2214-5745
ISSN (online)	2214-5753
ISSN	2214-5745
DOI	10.1016/j.cois.2021.10.007
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Article ; Online: Virome and nrEVEome diversity of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes from La Reunion Island and China [Correction: Dec. 2022, 19(1), p. 211]

Palatini, Umberto / Alfano, Niccolò / Carballar-Lejarazu, Rebeca / Chen, Xiao-Guang / Delatte, Helene / Bonizzoni, Mariangela

Virol J. 2022 Dec., v. 19, no. 1, p. 190

2022 , Page(s) 190

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Aedes albopictus is a public health threat for its worldwide spread and ability to transmit arboviruses. Understanding mechanisms of mosquito immunity can provide new tools to control arbovirus spread. The genomes of Aedes mosquitoes contain ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Aedes albopictus is a public health threat for its worldwide spread and ability to transmit arboviruses. Understanding mechanisms of mosquito immunity can provide new tools to control arbovirus spread. The genomes of Aedes mosquitoes contain hundreds of nonretroviral endogenous viral elements (nrEVEs), which are enriched in piRNA clusters and produce piRNAs, with the potential to target cognate viruses. Recently, one nrEVE was shown to limit cognate viral infection through nrEVE-derived piRNAs. These findings suggest that nrEVEs constitute an archive of past viral infection and that the landscape of viral integrations may be variable across populations depending on their viral exposure. METHODS: We used bioinformatics and molecular approaches to identify known and novel (i.e. absent in the reference genome) viral integrations in the genome of wild collected Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and characterize their virome. RESULTS: We showed that the landscape of viral integrations is dynamic with seven novel viral integrations being characterized, but does not correlate with the virome, which includes both viral species known and unknown to infect mosquitoes. However, the small RNA coverage profile of nrEVEs and the viral genomic contigs we identified confirmed an interaction among these elements and the piRNA and siRNA pathways in mosquitoes. CONCLUSIONS: Mosquitoes nrEVEs have been recently described as a new form of heritable, sequence-specific mechanism of antiviral immunity. Our results contribute to understanding the dynamic distribution of nrEVEs in the genomes of wild Ae. albopictus and their interaction with mosquito viruses.
Keywords	Aedes albopictus ; RNA ; arboviruses ; bioinformatics ; genome ; genomics ; immunity ; landscapes ; public health ; China ; Reunion
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Size	p. 190
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2160640-7
ISSN	1743-422X
ISSN	1743-422X
DOI	10.1186/s12985-022-01918-8
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Article ; Online: Accuracy of the WatchBP O3 device for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring according to the new criteria of the ISO81060-2 2018 protocol.

Fania, Claudio / Lazzaretto, Ilaria / Fontana, Umberto / Palatini, Paolo

Blood pressure monitoring

2020 Volume 25, Issue 5, Page(s) 285–290

Abstract: Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of the Microlife WatchBP O3 monitor for ambulatory blood pressure (BP) measurement according to the new ISO81060-2 2018 protocol.: Methods: The WatchBP O3 was first tested in 97 subjects ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of the Microlife WatchBP O3 monitor for ambulatory blood pressure (BP) measurement according to the new ISO81060-2 2018 protocol. Methods: The WatchBP O3 was first tested in 97 subjects from the general population (mean age, 71.3 years; 48 men) using four cuffs of different sizes. In a second study, 36 subjects (mean age, 72.9 years; 18 men) underwent stress testing on a cycle ergometer in order to increase their heart rate by 15% or more. Results: In the general population, the mean device-observer difference was 1.3 ± 3.2 mmHg for systolic BP and was 0.7 ± 3.2 mmHg for diastolic BP. These data were in agreement with criterion 1 of the protocol standard requirements (≤5 ± 8 mmHg). Also, criterion 2 was satisfied being the SDs of the 97 participants well below the maximum values required by the protocol (6.82 and 6.90 mmHg, respectively). During the ambulatory monitoring study, the average heart rate increase was 20.3% (range 15.4-28.9%). The mean device-observer difference was 1.5 ± 2.8 mmHg for systolic BP and was 1.7 ± 2.6 mmHg for diastolic BP. Also, these data were in agreement with criterion 1 of the protocol. Conclusions: These data show that the Microlife WatchBP O3 monitor satisfied the ISO 81060-2:2018 standard requirements for a general population across a wide range of arm sizes and that also the protocol criteria for validation of devices intended for ambulatory BP monitoring were fulfilled.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Determination ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1324472-3
ISSN	1473-5725 ; 1359-5237
ISSN (online)	1473-5725
ISSN	1359-5237
DOI	10.1097/MBP.0000000000000459
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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: Virome and nrEVEome diversity of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes from La Reunion Island and China.

Palatini, Umberto / Alfano, Niccolò / Carballar-Lejarazu, Rebeca / Chen, Xiao-Guang / Delatte, Helene / Bonizzoni, Mariangela

Virology journal

2022 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 190

Abstract: Background: Aedes albopictus is a public health threat for its worldwide spread and ability to transmit arboviruses. Understanding mechanisms of mosquito immunity can provide new tools to control arbovirus spread. The genomes of Aedes mosquitoes contain ...

Abstract	Background: Aedes albopictus is a public health threat for its worldwide spread and ability to transmit arboviruses. Understanding mechanisms of mosquito immunity can provide new tools to control arbovirus spread. The genomes of Aedes mosquitoes contain hundreds of nonretroviral endogenous viral elements (nrEVEs), which are enriched in piRNA clusters and produce piRNAs, with the potential to target cognate viruses. Recently, one nrEVE was shown to limit cognate viral infection through nrEVE-derived piRNAs. These findings suggest that nrEVEs constitute an archive of past viral infection and that the landscape of viral integrations may be variable across populations depending on their viral exposure. Methods: We used bioinformatics and molecular approaches to identify known and novel (i.e. absent in the reference genome) viral integrations in the genome of wild collected Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and characterize their virome. Results: We showed that the landscape of viral integrations is dynamic with seven novel viral integrations being characterized, but does not correlate with the virome, which includes both viral species known and unknown to infect mosquitoes. However, the small RNA coverage profile of nrEVEs and the viral genomic contigs we identified confirmed an interaction among these elements and the piRNA and siRNA pathways in mosquitoes. Conclusions: Mosquitoes nrEVEs have been recently described as a new form of heritable, sequence-specific mechanism of antiviral immunity. Our results contribute to understanding the dynamic distribution of nrEVEs in the genomes of wild Ae. albopictus and their interaction with mosquito viruses.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Aedes ; Virome ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; Reunion ; Virus Integration ; Viruses/genetics
Chemical Substances	RNA, Small Interfering
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2160640-7
ISSN	1743-422X ; 1743-422X
ISSN (online)	1743-422X
ISSN	1743-422X
DOI	10.1186/s12985-022-01918-8
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Article ; Online: Leaning Into the Bite

Vanessa M. Macias / Umberto Palatini / Mariangela Bonizzoni / Jason L. Rasgon

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Vol

The piRNA Pathway as an Exemplar for the Genetic Engineering Need in Mosquitoes

2021 Volume 10

Abstract: The piRNA pathway is a specialized small RNA interference that in mosquitoes is mechanistically distant from analogous biology in the Drosophila model. Current genetic engineering methods, such as targeted genome manipulation, have a high potential to ... ...

Abstract	The piRNA pathway is a specialized small RNA interference that in mosquitoes is mechanistically distant from analogous biology in the Drosophila model. Current genetic engineering methods, such as targeted genome manipulation, have a high potential to tease out the functional complexity of this intricate molecular pathway. However, progress in utilizing these methods in arthropod vectors has been geared mostly toward the development of new vector control strategies rather than to study cellular functions. Herein we propose that genetic engineering methods will be essential to uncover the full functionality of PIWI/piRNA biology in mosquitoes and that extending the applications of genetic engineering on other aspects of mosquito biology will grant access to a much larger pool of knowledge in disease vectors that is just out of reach. We discuss motivations for and impediments to expanding the utility of genetic engineering to study the underlying biology and disease transmission and describe specific areas where efforts can be placed to achieve the full potential for genetic engineering in basic biology in mosquito vectors. Such efforts will generate a refreshed intellectual source of novel approaches to disease control and strong support for the effective use of approaches currently in development.
Keywords	vector-borne disease ; Piwi-interacting RNAs ; mosquito basic biology ; host-pathogen interactions ; genetic engineering technologies ; Microbiology ; QR1-502
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
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