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  1. Article ; Online: G-CSF drives autoinflammation in APLAID.

    Mulazzani, Elisabeth / Kong, Klara / Aróstegui, Juan I / Ng, Ashley P / Ranathunga, Nishika / Abeysekera, Waruni / Garnham, Alexandra L / Ng, Sze-Ling / Baker, Paul J / Jackson, Jacob T / Lich, John D / Hibbs, Margaret L / Wicks, Ian P / Louis, Cynthia / Masters, Seth L

    Nature immunology

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 5, Page(s) 814–826

    Abstract: ... G-CSF) levels as the most distinct feature in mice and individuals with APLAID. Remarkably ... treatment with a G-CSF antibody completely reversed established disease in APLAID mice. Furthermore ... by bone marrow transplantation from healthy donors, associated with reduced G-CSF production, predominantly from non ...

    Abstract Missense mutations in PLCG2 can cause autoinflammation with phospholipase C gamma 2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (APLAID). Here, we generated a mouse model carrying an APLAID mutation (p.Ser707Tyr) and found that inflammatory infiltrates in the skin and lungs were only partially ameliorated by removing inflammasome function via the deletion of caspase-1. Also, deleting interleukin-6 or tumor necrosis factor did not fully prevent APLAID mutant mice from autoinflammation. Overall, these findings are in accordance with the poor response individuals with APLAID have to treatments that block interleukin-1, JAK1/2 or tumor necrosis factor. Cytokine analysis revealed increased granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels as the most distinct feature in mice and individuals with APLAID. Remarkably, treatment with a G-CSF antibody completely reversed established disease in APLAID mice. Furthermore, excessive myelopoiesis was normalized and lymphocyte numbers rebounded. APLAID mice were also fully rescued by bone marrow transplantation from healthy donors, associated with reduced G-CSF production, predominantly from non-hematopoietic cells. In summary, we identify APLAID as a G-CSF-driven autoinflammatory disease, for which targeted therapy is feasible.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cytokines ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Interleukin-1 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/genetics ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/immunology ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Cytokines ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (143011-72-7) ; Interleukin-1 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2016987-5
    ISSN 1529-2916 ; 1529-2908
    ISSN (online) 1529-2916
    ISSN 1529-2908
    DOI 10.1038/s41590-023-01473-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Cryo-EM structure of orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR21.

    Wong, Thian-Sze / Gao, Wei / Chen, Geng / Qiu, Chen / He, Guodong / Ye, Fang / Wu, Zhangsong / Zeng, Zicheng / Du, Yang

    MedComm

    2023  Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) e205

    Abstract: GPR21 belongs to class A orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). The endogenous ligands for human ...

    Abstract GPR21 belongs to class A orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). The endogenous ligands for human GPR21 remain unidentified. GPR21 expression is associated with developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a multifactorial metabolic disease caused by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, decreasing insulin production, insulin resistance, and obesity. Animal studies suggested that GPR21 is a potential therapeutic target for T2DM treatment. The underlying mechanisms leading to GPR21 self-activation remain unknown. In our co-expression analysis, we noted that GPR21 could also form a stable complex with an unreported Gα protein subtype, Gαs. To gain further insights into the structural mechanisms of GPR21 activation, we employed cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and single-particle analysis to resolve the high-resolution structure of GPR21-Gαs complexes. The clear electron density map of the GPR21-Gαs provided direct evidence that GPR21 could couple to Gαs protein at physiological conditions. Thus, GPR21 might mediate previously unexplored pathways in normal or pathological conditions, which warrants further investigation. Structure-guided mutagenesis and biochemical analysis revealed that extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) of GPR21 is essential for the receptor transducing intracellular signal via cAMP. Together, the new structure data reveal a novel signaling cascade of human GPR21 mediated by ECL2 and provide fundamental information for future structure-based drug development.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-25
    Publishing country China
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2688-2663
    ISSN (online) 2688-2663
    DOI 10.1002/mco2.205
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: G protein-coupled receptors in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders.

    Wong, Thian-Sze / Li, Guangzhi / Li, Shiliang / Gao, Wei / Chen, Geng / Gan, Shiyi / Zhang, Manzhan / Li, Honglin / Wu, Song / Du, Yang

    Signal transduction and targeted therapy

    2023  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 177

    Abstract: ... genetic, and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the increasing understanding of G protein-coupled ...

    Abstract Neuropsychiatric disorders are multifactorial disorders with diverse aetiological factors. Identifying treatment targets is challenging because the diseases are resulting from heterogeneous biological, genetic, and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the increasing understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) opens a new possibility in drug discovery. Harnessing our knowledge of molecular mechanisms and structural information of GPCRs will be advantageous for developing effective drugs. This review provides an overview of the role of GPCRs in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Besides, we highlight the emerging opportunities of novel GPCR targets and address recent progress in GPCR drug development.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry ; Drug Discovery ; Mental Disorders/genetics
    Chemical Substances Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2886872-9
    ISSN 2059-3635 ; 2095-9907
    ISSN (online) 2059-3635
    ISSN 2095-9907
    DOI 10.1038/s41392-023-01427-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Cryo-EM structure of G-protein-coupled receptor GPR17 in complex with inhibitory G protein.

    Ye, Fang / Wong, Thian-Sze / Chen, Geng / Zhang, Zhiyi / Zhang, Binghao / Gan, Shiyi / Gao, Wei / Li, Jiancheng / Wu, Zhangsong / Pan, Xin / Du, Yang

    MedComm

    2022  Volume 3, Issue 4, Page(s) e159

    Abstract: GPR17 is a class A orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in neurons and ...

    Abstract GPR17 is a class A orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitors of the central nervous system (CNS). The signalling of GPR17 occurs through the heterotrimeric Gi, but its activation mechanism is unclear. Here, we employed cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) technology to elucidate the structure of activated GPR17-Gi complex. The 3.02 Å resolution structure, together with mutagenesis studies, revealed that the extracellular loop2 of GPR17 occupied the orthosteric binding pocket to promote its self-activation. The active GPR17 carried several typical microswitches like other class A GPCRs. Moreover, the Gi interacted with the key residues of transmembrane helix 3 (TM3), the amphipathic helix 8 (Helix8), and intracellular loops 3 (ICL3) in GPR17 to engage in the receptor core. In summary, our results highlight the activation mechanism of GPR17 from the structural basis. Elucidating the structural and activation mechanism of GPR17 may facilitate the pharmacological intervention for acute/chronic CNS injury.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-10
    Publishing country China
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2688-2663
    ISSN (online) 2688-2663
    DOI 10.1002/mco2.159
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Small Activating RNA Modulation of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor for Cancer Treatment.

    Xiong, Yunfang / Ke, Ran / Zhang, Qingyu / Lan, Wenjun / Yuan, Wanjun / Chan, Karol Nga Ieng / Roussel, Tom / Jiang, Yifan / Wu, Jing / Liu, Shuai / Wong, Alice Sze Tsai / Shim, Joong Sup / Zhang, Xuanjun / Xie, Ruiyu / Dusetti, Nelson / Iovanna, Juan / Habib, Nagy / Peng, Ling / Lee, Leo Tsz On

    Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

    2022  Volume 9, Issue 26, Page(s) e2200562

    Abstract: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most common and important drug targets. However, >70 ...

    Abstract G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most common and important drug targets. However, >70% of GPCRs are undruggable or difficult to target using conventional chemical agonists/antagonists. Small nucleic acid molecules, which can sequence-specifically modulate any gene, offer a unique opportunity to effectively expand drug targets, especially those that are undruggable or difficult to address, such as GPCRs. Here, the authors report  for the first time that small activating RNAs (saRNAs) effectively modulate a GPCR for cancer treatment. Specifically, saRNAs promoting the expression of Mas receptor (MAS1), a GPCR that counteracts the classical angiotensin II pathway in cancer cell proliferation and migration, are identified. These saRNAs, delivered by an amphiphilic dendrimer vector, enhance MAS1 expression, counteracting the angiotensin II/angiotensin II Receptor Type 1 axis, and leading to significant suppression of tumorigenesis and the inhibition of tumor progression of multiple cancers in tumor-xenografted mouse models and patient-derived tumor models. This study provides not only a new strategy for cancer therapy by targeting the renin-angiotensin system, but also a new avenue to modulate GPCR signaling by RNA activation.
    MeSH term(s) Angiotensin II/metabolism ; Animals ; Mice ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Neoplasms/therapy ; RNA/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Renin-Angiotensin System
    Chemical Substances Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Angiotensin II (11128-99-7) ; RNA (63231-63-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-16
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2808093-2
    ISSN 2198-3844 ; 2198-3844
    ISSN (online) 2198-3844
    ISSN 2198-3844
    DOI 10.1002/advs.202200562
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Cryo‐EM structure of orphan G protein‐coupled receptor GPR21

    Thian‐Sze Wong / Wei Gao / Geng Chen / Chen Qiu / Guodong He / Fang Ye / Zhangsong Wu / Zicheng Zeng / Yang Du

    MedComm, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

    2023  

    Abstract: Abstract GPR21 belongs to class A orphan G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR). The endogenous ligands ...

    Abstract Abstract GPR21 belongs to class A orphan G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR). The endogenous ligands for human GPR21 remain unidentified. GPR21 expression is associated with developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a multifactorial metabolic disease caused by pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction, decreasing insulin production, insulin resistance, and obesity. Animal studies suggested that GPR21 is a potential therapeutic target for T2DM treatment. The underlying mechanisms leading to GPR21 self‐activation remain unknown. In our co‐expression analysis, we noted that GPR21 could also form a stable complex with an unreported Gα protein subtype, Gαs. To gain further insights into the structural mechanisms of GPR21 activation, we employed cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) and single‐particle analysis to resolve the high‐resolution structure of GPR21‐Gαs complexes. The clear electron density map of the GPR21‐Gαs provided direct evidence that GPR21 could couple to Gαs protein at physiological conditions. Thus, GPR21 might mediate previously unexplored pathways in normal or pathological conditions, which warrants further investigation. Structure‐guided mutagenesis and biochemical analysis revealed that extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) of GPR21 is essential for the receptor transducing intracellular signal via cAMP. Together, the new structure data reveal a novel signaling cascade of human GPR21 mediated by ECL2 and provide fundamental information for future structure‐based drug development.
    Keywords cryo‐EM ; ECL2 ; GPCR ; GPR21 ; orphan receptor ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: G protein-coupled receptors in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders

    Thian-Sze Wong / Guangzhi Li / Shiliang Li / Wei Gao / Geng Chen / Shiyi Gan / Manzhan Zhang / Honglin Li / Song Wu / Yang Du

    Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Volume 57

    Abstract: ... genetic, and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the increasing understanding of G protein-coupled ...

    Abstract Abstract Neuropsychiatric disorders are multifactorial disorders with diverse aetiological factors. Identifying treatment targets is challenging because the diseases are resulting from heterogeneous biological, genetic, and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the increasing understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) opens a new possibility in drug discovery. Harnessing our knowledge of molecular mechanisms and structural information of GPCRs will be advantageous for developing effective drugs. This review provides an overview of the role of GPCRs in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Besides, we highlight the emerging opportunities of novel GPCR targets and address recent progress in GPCR drug development.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Cryo‐EM structure of G‐protein‐coupled receptor GPR17 in complex with inhibitory G protein

    Fang Ye / Thian‐Sze Wong / Geng Chen / Zhiyi Zhang / Binghao Zhang / Shiyi Gan / Wei Gao / Jiancheng Li / Zhangsong Wu / Xin Pan / Yang Du

    MedComm, Vol 3, Iss 4, Pp n/a-n/a (2022)

    2022  

    Abstract: Abstract GPR17 is a class A orphan G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in neurons and ...

    Abstract Abstract GPR17 is a class A orphan G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitors of the central nervous system (CNS). The signalling of GPR17 occurs through the heterotrimeric Gi, but its activation mechanism is unclear. Here, we employed cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) technology to elucidate the structure of activated GPR17‐Gi complex. The 3.02 Å resolution structure, together with mutagenesis studies, revealed that the extracellular loop2 of GPR17 occupied the orthosteric binding pocket to promote its self‐activation. The active GPR17 carried several typical microswitches like other class A GPCRs. Moreover, the Gi interacted with the key residues of transmembrane helix 3 (TM3), the amphipathic helix 8 (Helix8), and intracellular loops 3 (ICL3) in GPR17 to engage in the receptor core. In summary, our results highlight the activation mechanism of GPR17 from the structural basis. Elucidating the structural and activation mechanism of GPR17 may facilitate the pharmacological intervention for acute/chronic CNS injury.
    Keywords cryo‐EM ; ECL2 ; GPCR ; GPR17 ; protein structure ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: Tranexamic Acid in Non-Traumatic Intracerebral Haemorrhage (TANICH II): Introducing the Potential Role of 3 g Tranexamic Acid in Haematoma Reduction.

    Arumugam, Ananda / Tan, Shze Ee / Tan, Sze Ling / Tan, Jun Ee / Hussin, Fatimah Hartina / Zenian, Mohd Sofan / Idris, Zamzuri / Abdullah, Jafri Malin

    The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS

    2023  Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 93–102

    Abstract: ... Eligible study subjects were randomly assigned to receive placebo, 2-g TXA treatment or 3-g TXA treatment ... clinical study using 3 g of TXA in the management of non-traumatic ICH. From our study, 3 g of TXA ... should be carried out to further establish the role of 3 g of TXA in non-traumatic ICH. ...

    Abstract Background: Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) can be devastating, particularly if haematoma expansion occurs. The efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA), an anti-fibrinolytic agent, in reducing haematoma expansion is now being studied worldwide. However, the optimal dosage of TXA has yet to be determined. This study was designed to further establish the potential of different doses of TXA.
    Methods: A double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled study was carried out among adults with non-traumatic ICH. Eligible study subjects were randomly assigned to receive placebo, 2-g TXA treatment or 3-g TXA treatment. Haematoma volumes before and after intervention were measured using the planimetric method.
    Results: A total of 60 subjects with 20 subjects in each treatment group were recruited for this study. Among the 60 subjects, the majority were male (
    Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical study using 3 g of TXA in the management of non-traumatic ICH. From our study, 3 g of TXA may potentially be helpful in reducing haematoma volume. Nonetheless, a larger-scale randomised controlled trial should be carried out to further establish the role of 3 g of TXA in non-traumatic ICH.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-27
    Publishing country Malaysia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2197205-9
    ISSN 2180-4303 ; 1394-195X
    ISSN (online) 2180-4303
    ISSN 1394-195X
    DOI 10.21315/mjms2023.30.3.8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Small Activating RNA Modulation of the G Protein‐Coupled Receptor for Cancer Treatment

    Yunfang Xiong / Ran Ke / Qingyu Zhang / Wenjun Lan / Wanjun Yuan / Karol Nga Ieng Chan / Tom Roussel / Yifan Jiang / Jing Wu / Shuai Liu / Alice Sze Tsai Wong / Joong Sup Shim / Xuanjun Zhang / Ruiyu Xie / Nelson Dusetti / Juan Iovanna / Nagy Habib / Ling Peng / Leo Tsz On Lee

    Advanced Science, Vol 9, Iss 26, Pp n/a-n/a (2022)

    2022  

    Abstract: Abstract G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most common and important drug targets ...

    Abstract Abstract G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most common and important drug targets. However, >70% of GPCRs are undruggable or difficult to target using conventional chemical agonists/antagonists. Small nucleic acid molecules, which can sequence‐specifically modulate any gene, offer a unique opportunity to effectively expand drug targets, especially those that are undruggable or difficult to address, such as GPCRs. Here, the authors report for the first time that small activating RNAs (saRNAs) effectively modulate a GPCR for cancer treatment. Specifically, saRNAs promoting the expression of Mas receptor (MAS1), a GPCR that counteracts the classical angiotensin II pathway in cancer cell proliferation and migration, are identified. These saRNAs, delivered by an amphiphilic dendrimer vector, enhance MAS1 expression, counteracting the angiotensin II/angiotensin II Receptor Type 1 axis, and leading to significant suppression of tumorigenesis and the inhibition of tumor progression of multiple cancers in tumor‐xenografted mouse models and patient‐derived tumor models. This study provides not only a new strategy for cancer therapy by targeting the renin‐angiotensin system, but also a new avenue to modulate GPCR signaling by RNA activation.
    Keywords cancer therapies ; dendrimer vectors ; G protein‐coupled receptors ; Mas receptors (MAS1s) ; small activating RNA ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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