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Article ; Online: Relationship between miR-203a inhibition and oil-induced toxicity in early life stage zebrafish (

Magnuson, Jason T / Qian, Le / McGruer, Victoria / Cheng, Vanessa / Volz, David C / Schlenk, Daniel

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 373–381

Abstract: Dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA, miR) by environmental stressors influences the transcription of mRNA which may impair organism development and/or lead to adverse physiological outcomes. Early studies evaluating the effects of oil on developmental ... ...

Abstract	Dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA, miR) by environmental stressors influences the transcription of mRNA which may impair organism development and/or lead to adverse physiological outcomes. Early studies evaluating the effects of oil on developmental toxicity in early life stages of fish showed that reductions in expression of miR-203a were associated with enhanced expression of downstream mRNAs that predicted altered eye development, cardiovascular disease, and improper fin development. To better understand the effects of miR-203a inhibition as an outcome of oil-induced toxicity in early life stage (ELS) fish, embryonic zebrafish were injected with an miR-203a inhibitor or treated with 3.5 µM phenanthrene (Phe) as a positive control for morphological alterations of cardiovascular and eye development caused by oil. Embryos treated with Phe had diminished levels of miR-203a at 7 and 72 h after injection. Embryos treated with the miR-203a inhibitor and Phe exhibited a reduced heart rate by 48 h post fertilization (hpf), with an increased incidence of developmental deformities (including pericardial edema, altered eye development, and spinal deformities) and reduced caudal fin length by 72 hpf. There were significant reductions in lens and eye diameters in 120 hpf miR-203a-inhibitor and Phe-treated fish, as well as a significantly reduced number of eye saccades, determined by an optokinetic response (OKR) behavioral assay. The expression of
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-07
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2805786-7
ISSN	2214-7500 ; 2214-7500
ISSN (online)	2214-7500
ISSN	2214-7500
DOI	10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.006
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Article ; Online: A glossary for the first World Congress on Migration, Ethnicity, Race and Health.

Johnson, M R D / Bhopal, R S / Ingleby, J D / Gruer, L / Petrova-Benedict, R S

Public health

2019 Volume 172, Page(s) 85–88

Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	427333-3
ISSN	1476-5616 ; 0033-3506
ISSN (online)	1476-5616
ISSN	0033-3506
DOI	10.1016/j.puhe.2019.05.001
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Article ; Online: Transcriptomic profiling of miR-203a inhibitor and miR-34b-injected zebrafish (Danio rerio) validates oil-induced neurological, cardiovascular and eye toxicity response pathways.

Magnuson, Jason T / Leads, Rachel R / McGruer, Victoria / Qian, Le / Tanabe, Philip / Roberts, Aaron P / Schlenk, Daniel

Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

2022 Volume 254, Page(s) 106356

Abstract: The global sequencing of microRNA (miRNA; miR) and integration to downstream mRNA expression profiles in early life stages (ELS) of fish following exposure to crude oil determined consistently dysregulated miRNAs regardless of the oil source or fish ... ...

Abstract	The global sequencing of microRNA (miRNA; miR) and integration to downstream mRNA expression profiles in early life stages (ELS) of fish following exposure to crude oil determined consistently dysregulated miRNAs regardless of the oil source or fish species. The overlay of differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs into in silico software determined that the key roles of these miRNAs were predicted to be involved in cardiovascular, neurological and visually-mediated pathways. Of these, altered expression of miRNAs, miR-203a and miR-34b were predicted to be primary targets of crude oil. To better characterize the effect of these miRNAs to downstream transcript changes, zebrafish embryos were microinjected at 1 h post fertilization (hpf) with either a miR-203a inhibitor or miR-34b. Since both miRs have been shown to be associated with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) function, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a potent AhR agonist, was used as a potential positive control. Transcriptomic profiling was conducted on injected and exposed larvae at 7 and 72 hpf, and eye morphology assessed following exposure at 72 hpf. The top predicted physiological system disease and functions between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared with miR-203a inhibitor-injected and miR-34b-injected embryos were involved in brain formation, and the development of the central nervous system and neurons. When DEGs of miR-203a inhibitor-injected embryos were compared with BaP-exposed DEGs, alterations in nervous system development and function, and abnormal morphology of the neurosensory retina, eye and nervous tissue were predicted, consistent with both AhR and non-AhR pathways. When assessed morphologically, the eye area of miR-203a inhibitor and miR-34b-injected and BaP-exposed embryos were significantly reduced. These results suggest that miR-203a inhibition and miR-34b overexpression contribute to neurological, cardiovascular and eye toxicity responses that are caused by oil and PAH exposure in ELS fish, and are likely mediated through both AhR and non-AhR pathways.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	782699-0
ISSN	1879-1514 ; 0166-445X
ISSN (online)	1879-1514
ISSN	0166-445X
DOI	10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106356
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Article ; Online: Face masks for the public during the covid-19 crisis.

Greenhalgh, Trisha / Schmid, Manuel B / Czypionka, Thomas / Bassler, Dirk / Gruer, Laurence

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

2020 Volume 369, Page(s) m1435

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Masks ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Public Health ; Review Literature as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1362901-3
ISSN	1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
ISSN (online)	1756-1833
ISSN	0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
DOI	10.1136/bmj.m1435
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Article ; Online: "I stretch them out as long as possible:" U.S. women's experiences of menstrual product insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Schmitt, Margaret L / Dimond, Katie / Maroko, Andrew R / Phillips-Howard, Penelope A / Gruer, Caitlin / Berry, Amanda / Nash, Denis / Kochhar, Shivani / Sommer, Marni

BMC women's health

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 179

Abstract: Background: A growing body of evidence highlights how the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated gender inequalities in the US. This resulted in women being more vulnerable to economic insecurity and decreases in their overall well-being. One relevant issue ... ...

Abstract	Background: A growing body of evidence highlights how the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated gender inequalities in the US. This resulted in women being more vulnerable to economic insecurity and decreases in their overall well-being. One relevant issue that has been less explored is that of women's menstrual health experiences, including how inconsistent access to menstrual products may negatively impact their daily lives. Methods: This qualitative study, conducted from March through May 2021, utilized in-depth interviews that were nested within a national prospective cohort study. The interviews (n = 25) were conducted with a sub-sample of cis-gender women living across the US who had reported challenges accessing products during the first year of the pandemic. The interviews sought to understand the barriers that contributed to experiencing menstrual product insecurity, and related coping mechanisms. Malterud's 'systematic text condensation', an inductive thematic analysis method, was utilized to analyze the qualitative transcripts. Results: Respondents came from 17 different states across the U.S. Three key themes were identified: financial and physical barriers existed to consistent menstrual product access; a range of coping strategies in response to menstrual product insecurity, including dependence on makeshift and poorer quality materials; and heightened experiences of menstrual-related anxiety and shame, especially regarding the disclosure of their menstruating status to others as a result of inadequate menstrual leak protection. Conclusions: Addressing menstrual product insecurity is a critical step for ensuring that all people who menstruate can attain their most basic menstrual health needs. Key recommendations for mitigating the impact of menstrual product insecurity require national and state-level policy reform, such as the inclusion of menstrual products in existing safety net basic needs programs, and the reframing of menstrual products as essential items. Improved education and advocacy are needed to combat menstrual stigma.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Menstrual Hygiene Products ; Pandemics ; Prospective Studies ; COVID-19 ; Menstruation/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2050444-5
ISSN	1472-6874 ; 1472-6874
ISSN (online)	1472-6874
ISSN	1472-6874
DOI	10.1186/s12905-023-02333-z
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Article ; Online: Complex differences in infection rates between ethnic groups in Scotland: a retrospective, national census-linked cohort study of 1.65 million cases.

Gruer, L D / Cézard, G I / Wallace, L A / Hutchinson, S J / Douglas, A F / Buchanan, D / Katikireddi, S V / Millard, A D / Goldberg, D J / Sheikh, A / Bhopal, R S

Journal of public health (Oxford, England)

2021 Volume 44, Issue 1, Page(s) 60–69

Abstract: Background: Ethnicity can influence susceptibility to infection, as COVID-19 has shown. Few countries have systematically investigated ethnic variations in infection.: Methods: We linked the Scotland 2001 Census, including ethnic group, to national ... ...

Abstract	Background: Ethnicity can influence susceptibility to infection, as COVID-19 has shown. Few countries have systematically investigated ethnic variations in infection. Methods: We linked the Scotland 2001 Census, including ethnic group, to national databases of hospitalizations/deaths and serological diagnoses of bloodborne viruses for 2001-2013. We calculated age-adjusted rate ratios (RRs) in 12 ethnic groups for all infections combined, 15 infection categories, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses. Results: We analysed over 1.65 million infection-related hospitalisations/deaths. Compared with White Scottish, RRs for all infections combined were 0.8 or lower for Other White British, Other White and Chinese males and females, and 1.2-1.4 for Pakistani and African males and females. Adjustment for socioeconomic status or birthplace had little effect. RRs for specific infection categories followed similar patterns with striking exceptions. For HIV, RRs were 136 in African females and 14 in males; for HBV, 125 in Chinese females and 59 in males, 55 in African females and 24 in males; and for HCV, 2.3-3.1 in Pakistanis and Africans. Conclusions: Ethnic differences were found in overall rates and many infection categories, suggesting multiple causative pathways. We recommend census linkage as a powerful method for studying the disproportionate impact of COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Censuses ; Cohort Studies ; Ethnicity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Scotland/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2142082-8
ISSN	1741-3850 ; 1741-3842
ISSN (online)	1741-3850
ISSN	1741-3842
DOI	10.1093/pubmed/fdaa267
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Article ; Online: miR133b Microinjection during Early Development Targets Transcripts of Cardiomyocyte Ion Channels and Induces Oil-like Cardiotoxicity in Zebrafish (

Greer, Justin B / Magnuson, Jason T / McGruer, Victoria / Qian, Le / Dasgupta, Subham / Volz, David C / Schlenk, Daniel

Chemical research in toxicology

2021 Volume 34, Issue 10, Page(s) 2209–2215

Abstract: Previous studies have shown that altered expression of a family of small noncoding RNAs (microRNAs, or miRs) regulates the expression of downstream mRNAs and is associated with diseases and developmental disorders. miR133b is highly expressed in ... ...

Abstract	Previous studies have shown that altered expression of a family of small noncoding RNAs (microRNAs, or miRs) regulates the expression of downstream mRNAs and is associated with diseases and developmental disorders. miR133b is highly expressed in mammalian cardiac and skeletal muscle, and aberrant expression is associated with cardiac disorders and electrophysiological changes in cardiomyocytes. Similarly, cardiac dysfunction has been observed in early life-stage mahi-mahi (
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Benzo(a)pyrene/administration & dosage ; Benzo(a)pyrene/toxicity ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Ion Channels/antagonists & inhibitors ; Ion Channels/metabolism ; MicroRNAs/administration & dosage ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/toxicity ; Microinjections ; Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects ; Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism ; Zebrafish/embryology
Chemical Substances	Ion Channels ; MicroRNAs ; Benzo(a)pyrene (3417WMA06D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639353-6
ISSN	1520-5010 ; 0893-228X
ISSN (online)	1520-5010
ISSN	0893-228X
DOI	10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00238
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Article ; Online: Effects of Phenanthrene Exposure on Cholesterol Homeostasis and Cardiotoxicity in Zebrafish Embryos.

McGruer, Victoria / Tanabe, Philip / Vliet, Sara M F / Dasgupta, Subham / Qian, Le / Volz, David C / Schlenk, Daniel

Environmental toxicology and chemistry

2021 Volume 40, Issue 6, Page(s) 1586–1595

Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pervasive pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, and developing fish embryos are especially sensitive to PAH exposure. Exposure to crude oil or phenanthrene (a reference PAH found in oil) produces an array of gross ... ...

Abstract	Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pervasive pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, and developing fish embryos are especially sensitive to PAH exposure. Exposure to crude oil or phenanthrene (a reference PAH found in oil) produces an array of gross morphological abnormalities in developing fish embryos, including cardiotoxicity. Recently, studies utilizing transcriptomic analyses in several oil-exposed fish embryos found significant changes in the abundance of transcripts involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Given the vital role of cholesterol availability in embryonic heart development, we hypothesized that cholesterol dysregulation in early development contributes to phenanthrene-induced cardiotoxicity. We exposed zebrafish embryos to 12 or 15 µM phenanthrene from 6 to 72 h post fertilization (hpf) and demonstrated that, in conjunction with pericardial edema and bradycardia, several genes (fdft1 and hmgcra) in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway were significantly altered. When embryos were pretreated with a cholesterol solution from 6 to 24 hpf followed by exposure to phenanthrene from 24 to 48 hpf, the effects of phenanthrene on heart rate were partially mitigated. Despite changes in gene expression, whole-mount in situ staining of cholesterol was not significantly affected in embryos exposed to phenanthrene ranging in stage from 24 to 72 hpf. However, the 2-dimensional yolk area was significantly increased with phenanthrene exposure at 72 hpf, suggesting that lipid transport from the yolk to the developing embryo was impaired. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1586-1595. © 2021 SETAC.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cardiotoxicity/metabolism ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Cholesterol/pharmacology ; Ecosystem ; Embryo, Nonmammalian ; Homeostasis ; Phenanthrenes/metabolism ; Phenanthrenes/toxicity ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/toxicity ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism ; Zebrafish
Chemical Substances	Phenanthrenes ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	46234-2
ISSN	1552-8618 ; 0730-7268
ISSN (online)	1552-8618
ISSN	0730-7268
DOI	10.1002/etc.5002
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Article ; Online: The challenge of using routinely collected data to compare hospital admission rates by ethnic group: a demonstration project in Scotland.

Knox, S / Bhopal, R S / Thomson, C S / Millard, A / Fraser, A / Gruer, L / Buchanan, D

Journal of public health (Oxford, England)

2019 Volume 42, Issue 4, Page(s) 748–755

Abstract: Background: Recording patients' ethnic group supports efforts to achieve equity in health care provision. Before the Equality Act (2010), recording ethnic group at hospital admission was poor in Scotland but has improved subsequently. We describe the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Recording patients' ethnic group supports efforts to achieve equity in health care provision. Before the Equality Act (2010), recording ethnic group at hospital admission was poor in Scotland but has improved subsequently. We describe the first analysis of the utility of such data nationally for monitoring ethnic variation. Methods: We analysed all in-patient or day case hospital admissions in 2013. We imputed missing data using the most recent ethnic group recorded for a patient from 2009 to 2015. For episodes lacking an ethnic code, we attributed known ethnic codes proportionately. Using the 2011 Census population, we calculated rates and rate ratios for all-cause admissions and ischaemic heart diseases (IHDs) directly standardized for age. Results: Imputation reduced missing ethnic group codes from 24 to 15% and proportionate redistribution to zero. While some rates for both all-cause and IHD admissions appeared plausible, unexpectedly low or high rates were observed for several ethnic groups particularly amongst White groups and newly coded groups. Conclusions: Completeness of ethnicity recoding on hospital admission records has improved markedly since 2010. However the validity of admission rates based on these data is variable across ethnic groups and further improvements are required to support monitoring of inequality.
MeSH term(s)	Censuses ; Ethnic Groups ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Routinely Collected Health Data ; Scotland/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2142082-8
ISSN	1741-3850 ; 1741-3842
ISSN (online)	1741-3850
ISSN	1741-3842
DOI	10.1093/pubmed/fdz175
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Article ; Online: Menstrual Product Insecurity Resulting From COVID-19‒Related Income Loss, United States, 2020.

Sommer, Marni / Phillips-Howard, Penelope A / Gruer, Caitlin / Schmitt, Margaret L / Nguyen, Angela-Maithy / Berry, Amanda / Kochhar, Shivani / Gorrell Kulkarni, Sarah / Nash, Denis / Maroko, Andrew R

American journal of public health

2022 Volume 112, Issue 4, Page(s) 675–684

Abstract: Objectives. ...

Abstract	Objectives.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Food Supply ; Humans ; Menstrual Hygiene Products ; Prospective Studies ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	121100-6
ISSN	1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
ISSN (online)	1541-0048
ISSN	0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
DOI	10.2105/AJPH.2021.306674
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