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  1. Article ; Online: Complications of decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain injury.

    Stiver, Shirley I

    Neurosurgical focus

    2009  Volume 26, Issue 6, Page(s) E7

    Abstract: Decompressive craniectomy is widely used to treat intracranial hypertension following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Two randomized trials are currently underway to further evaluate the effectiveness of decompressive craniectomy for TBI. Complications of ... ...

    Abstract Decompressive craniectomy is widely used to treat intracranial hypertension following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Two randomized trials are currently underway to further evaluate the effectiveness of decompressive craniectomy for TBI. Complications of this procedure have major ramifications on the risk-benefit balance in decision-making during evaluation of potential surgical candidates. To further evaluate the complications of decompressive craniectomy, a review of the literature was performed following a detailed search of PubMed between 1980 and 2009. The author restricted her study to literature pertaining to decompressive craniectomy for patients with TBI. An understanding of the pathophysiological events that accompany removal of a large piece of skull bone provides a foundation for understanding many of the complications associated with decompressive craniectomy. The author determined that decompressive craniectomy is not a simple, straightforward operation without adverse effects. Rather, numerous complications may arise, and they do so in a sequential fashion at specific time points following surgical decompression. Expansion of contusions, new subdural and epidural hematomas contralateral to the decompressed hemisphere, and external cerebral herniation typify the early perioperative complications of decompressive craniectomy for TBI. Within the 1st week following decompression, CSF circulation derangements manifest commonly as subdural hygromas. Paradoxical herniation following lumbar puncture in the setting of a large skull defect is a rare, potentially fatal complication that can be prevented and treated if recognized early. During the later phases of recovery, patients may develop a new cognitive, neurological, or psychological deficit termed syndrome of the trephined. In the longer term, a persistent vegetative state is the most devastating of outcomes of decompressive craniectomy. The risk of complications following decompressive craniectomy is weighed against the life-threatening circumstances under which this surgery is performed. Ongoing trials will define whether this balance supports surgical decompression as a first-line treatment for TBI.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Brain Injuries/surgery ; Craniotomy/adverse effects ; Decompression, Surgical/adverse effects ; Decompression, Surgical/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull/diagnostic imaging ; Skull/surgery ; Subdural Effusion/diagnostic imaging ; Subdural Effusion/surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Trephining/adverse effects
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2026589-X
    ISSN 1092-0684 ; 1092-0684
    ISSN (online) 1092-0684
    ISSN 1092-0684
    DOI 10.3171/2009.4.FOCUS0965
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Angiogenesis and its role in the behavior of astrocytic brain tumors.

    Stiver, Shirley I

    Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library

    2004  Volume 9, Page(s) 3105–3123

    Abstract: Angiogenesis, the development of new vessels from a pre-existing vasculature, accompanies the growth and malignant transformation of astrocytic brain tumors. Neovascularization is essential for sustained tumor growth, and with increasing grade, ... ...

    Abstract Angiogenesis, the development of new vessels from a pre-existing vasculature, accompanies the growth and malignant transformation of astrocytic brain tumors. Neovascularization is essential for sustained tumor growth, and with increasing grade, astrocytic tumors undergo an, angiogenic switch, manifested by marked increases in vessel density and changes in vascular morphology. In the quiescent state, endogenous anti-angiogenic factors including endostatin, thrombospondin, and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1) balance the actions of pro-angiogenic stimuli and restrain the angiogenic switch. Once activated, pro-angiogenic factors including most notably basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) incite robust astrocytoma neovascularization. Recent studies have also explored the expression patterns and functional importance of the angiopoietins, Tie2 and neuropilin receptors, and hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF). Together these angiogenic factors have diverse actions on endothelium and perivascular supporting cells that engender tumor neovessels with a unique phenotype, distinct from normal vessels. Properties of the astrocytoma neovasculature contribute to tumor growth, malignant progression, invasion, hemorrhage, and edema formation. Thus, the mechanistic actions of angiogenic factors on cerebral microvessels and the nature of the resultant tumor neovasculature establish a framework for understanding many of the characteristic behaviors of astrocytoma tumors.
    MeSH term(s) Angiopoietins/metabolism ; Animals ; Astrocytes/metabolism ; Astrocytoma/metabolism ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/blood supply ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Disease Progression ; Edema ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/metabolism ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Neuropilins/metabolism ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Angiopoietins ; Neuropilins ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (103107-01-3) ; Epidermal Growth Factor (62229-50-9) ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor (67256-21-7) ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-09-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2141320-4
    ISSN 1093-9946
    ISSN 1093-9946
    DOI 10.2741/1463
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Prehospital management of traumatic brain injury.

    Stiver, Shirley I / Manley, Geoffrey T

    Neurosurgical focus

    2008  Volume 25, Issue 4, Page(s) E5

    Abstract: The aim of this study was to review the current protocols of prehospital practice and their impact on outcome in the management of traumatic brain injury. A literature review of the National Library of Medicine encompassing the years 1980 to May 2008 was ...

    Abstract The aim of this study was to review the current protocols of prehospital practice and their impact on outcome in the management of traumatic brain injury. A literature review of the National Library of Medicine encompassing the years 1980 to May 2008 was performed. The primary impact of a head injury sets in motion a cascade of secondary events that can worsen neurological injury and outcome. The goals of care during prehospital triage, stabilization, and transport are to recognize life-threatening raised intracranial pressure and to circumvent cerebral herniation. In that process, prevention of secondary injury and secondary insults is a major determinant of both short- and longterm outcome. Management of brain oxygenation, blood pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and raised intracranial pressure in the prehospital setting are discussed. Patient outcomes are dependent upon an organized trauma response system. Dispatch and transport timing, field stabilization, modes of transport, and destination levels of care are addressed. In addition, special considerations for mass casualty and disaster planning are outlined and recommendations are made regarding early response efforts and the ethical impact of aggressive prehospital resuscitation. The most sophisticated of emergency, operative, or intensive care units cannot reverse damage that has been set in motion by suboptimal protocols of triage and resuscitation, either at the injury scene or en route to the hospital. The quality of prehospital care is a major determinant of long-term outcome for patients with traumatic brain injury.
    MeSH term(s) Brain Injuries/classification ; Brain Injuries/metabolism ; Brain Injuries/therapy ; Disease Management ; Emergency Medical Services/methods ; Emergency Medical Services/trends ; Hospitalization/trends ; Humans ; Time Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2026589-X
    ISSN 1092-0684 ; 1092-0684
    ISSN (online) 1092-0684
    ISSN 1092-0684
    DOI 10.3171/FOC.2008.25.10.E5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Delayed acute spinal cord injury following intracranial gunshot trauma: case report.

    Cheng, Jason S / Richardson, R Mark / Gean, Alisa D / Stiver, Shirley I

    Journal of neurosurgery

    2012  Volume 116, Issue 4, Page(s) 921–925

    Abstract: The authors report the case of a patient who presented with a hoarse voice and left hemiparesis following a gunshot injury with trajectory entering the left scapula, traversing the suboccipital bone, and coming to rest in the right lateral medullary ... ...

    Abstract The authors report the case of a patient who presented with a hoarse voice and left hemiparesis following a gunshot injury with trajectory entering the left scapula, traversing the suboccipital bone, and coming to rest in the right lateral medullary cistern. Following recovery from the hemiparesis, abrupt quadriparesis occurred coincident with fall of the bullet into the anterior spinal canal. The bullet was retrieved following a C-2 and C-3 laminectomy, and postoperative MR imaging confirmed signal change in the cord at the level where the bullet had lodged. The patient then made a good neurological recovery. Bullets can fall from the posterior fossa with sufficient momentum to cause an acute spinal cord injury. Consideration for craniotomy and bullet retrieval should be given to large bullets lying in the CSF spaces of the posterior fossa as they pose risk for acute spinal cord injury.
    MeSH term(s) Cerebral Angiography ; Critical Care ; Foreign-Body Migration/diagnosis ; Foreign-Body Migration/surgery ; Head Injuries, Penetrating/diagnosis ; Head Injuries, Penetrating/therapy ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neurologic Examination ; Paresis/etiology ; Paresis/therapy ; Scapula/injuries ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Injuries/diagnosis ; Spinal Cord Injuries/therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Wounds, Gunshot/diagnosis ; Wounds, Gunshot/therapy ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3089-2
    ISSN 1933-0693 ; 0022-3085
    ISSN (online) 1933-0693
    ISSN 0022-3085
    DOI 10.3171/2011.12.JNS111047
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Survival with good outcome after cerebral herniation and Duret hemorrhage caused by traumatic brain injury.

    Stiver, Shirley I / Gean, Alisa D / Manley, Geoffrey T

    Journal of neurosurgery

    2009  Volume 110, Issue 6, Page(s) 1242–1246

    Abstract: Brainstem hemorrhage can occur as a primary or secondary event in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Secondary brainstem hemorrhage that evolves from raised intracranial pressure and transtentorial herniation is referred to as Duret hemorrhage. Duret ... ...

    Abstract Brainstem hemorrhage can occur as a primary or secondary event in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Secondary brainstem hemorrhage that evolves from raised intracranial pressure and transtentorial herniation is referred to as Duret hemorrhage. Duret hemorrhage following TBI has been considered an irreversible and terminal event. The authors report on the case of a young adult patient with TBI who presented with a low Glasgow Coma Scale score and advanced signs of cerebral herniation. She underwent an urgent decompressive hemicraniectomy for evacuation of an acute epidural hematoma and developed a Duret hemorrhage postoperatively. In accordance with the family's wishes, aggressive TBI monitoring and treatment in the intensive care unit was continued even though the anticipated outcome was poor. After a lengthy hospital course, the patient improved dramatically and was discharged ambulatory, with good cognitive functioning and a Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 4. Duret hemorrhage secondary to raised intracranial pressure is not always a terminal event, and by itself should not trigger a decision to withdraw care. Aggressive intracranial monitoring and treatment of a Duret hemorrhage arising secondary to cerebral herniation may enable a good recovery in selected patients after severe TBI.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Brain Stem Hemorrhage, Traumatic/complications ; Brain Stem Hemorrhage, Traumatic/pathology ; Brain Stem Hemorrhage, Traumatic/surgery ; Craniotomy ; Decompression, Surgical ; Encephalocele/etiology ; Encephalocele/pathology ; Encephalocele/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Recovery of Function ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3089-2
    ISSN 1933-0693 ; 0022-3085
    ISSN (online) 1933-0693
    ISSN 0022-3085
    DOI 10.3171/2008.8.JNS08314
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Canadian Women in Neurosurgery: From Early Pioneers to World Leaders.

    Lúcar Figueroa, Enriqueta / Veilleux, Catherine / Angelov, Lilyana / Brien, Susan / Fournier-Gosselin, Marie-Pierre / Kiss, Zelma H T / Long, Marie / Marcoux, Judith / Poon, Katherine / Stiver, Shirley / Tsai, Eve / Woodrow, Sarah / Zadeh, Gelareh / Rosseau, Gail

    World neurosurgery

    2023  Volume 175, Page(s) 78–97

    Abstract: Background: Since the emergence of neurosurgery as a distinct specialty ∼100 years ago in Canada, it took >40 years for Canadian women to enter the field in the province of Quebec, and longer in the other provinces.: Methods: We provide a historical ... ...

    Abstract Background: Since the emergence of neurosurgery as a distinct specialty ∼100 years ago in Canada, it took >40 years for Canadian women to enter the field in the province of Quebec, and longer in the other provinces.
    Methods: We provide a historical overview of Canadian women in neurosurgery, from the early pioneers to the modern-day leaders and innovators in the field. We also define the current participation of women in Canadian neurosurgery. Chain-referral sampling, historical books, interviews, personal communications, and online resources were used as data sources.
    Results: Our historical review highlights the exceptional journey and unique experiences of female neurosurgeons, describes their achievements, and identifies career obstacles and enabling factors. We also incorporate comments from Canadian female neurosurgeons, both retired and in active practice, addressing gender inequities in the field, and provide advice and encouragement to the new generations to come. Despite the achievements of these female trailblazers, women represent a small proportion of the Canadian neurosurgery trainees and the active workforce, in stark contrast to the increasing number of women in medical school.
    Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first historical overview of female women neurosurgeons in Canada. Providing a historical context will help us to better understand the important role of women in modern neurosurgery, identify persistent gender issues in the field, and provide a vision for aspiring female neurosurgeons.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Neurosurgery ; Canada ; Neurosurgeons ; Workforce ; Sexism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2534351-8
    ISSN 1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
    ISSN (online) 1878-8769
    ISSN 1878-8750
    DOI 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.03.105
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Marked reduction in wound complication rates following decompressive hemicraniectomy with an improved operative closure technique.

    Sughrue, Michael E / Bloch, Orin G / Manley, Geoffrey T / Stiver, Shirley I

    Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia

    2011  Volume 18, Issue 9, Page(s) 1201–1205

    Abstract: Although decompressive hemicraniectomy with dural expansion and bone flap removal is a potentially life-saving procedure, concerns remain regarding the morbidity associated with this approach. We and others have noted the high rate of wound complications ...

    Abstract Although decompressive hemicraniectomy with dural expansion and bone flap removal is a potentially life-saving procedure, concerns remain regarding the morbidity associated with this approach. We and others have noted the high rate of wound complications resulting from this technique, often associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption problems. Here, we present our experience with an improved technique for wound closure after unilateral decompressive hemicraniectomy with a wide cruciate durotomy. Data for all patients who underwent a decompressive hemicraniectomy at our institution from October 2005 to October 2009 were gathered prospectively. Starting in mid 2008, we adopted an alternate approach to operative wound closure, which involved skin closure with a running Monocryl absorbable stitch, and prolonged subgaleal drainage. We compared the rates of wound complication using this approach with those obtained with earlier conventional closure techniques. Over a 1year period, we dramatically reduced the rate of wound complications in patients undergoing hemicraniectomy at our hospital using this new (Monocryl technique, 0% (n=29) compared to other techniques, 35% (n=98), chi-squared [χ(2)] p<0.001). Patients closed using our new technique experienced markedly reduced rates of wound infection (p<0.01), and CSF leak (p<0.05), compared to other, more standard, techniques. Thus, attention to closure of hemicraniectomy wounds can markedly reduce the rate of wound complications, thus improving the risk-to-benefit ratio of this procedure.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Brain Injuries/surgery ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/surgery ; Decompressive Craniectomy/adverse effects ; Female ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Flaps ; Wound Closure Techniques ; Wound Healing/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-09
    Publishing country Scotland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1193674-5
    ISSN 1532-2653 ; 0967-5868
    ISSN (online) 1532-2653
    ISSN 0967-5868
    DOI 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.01.016
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Motor trephine syndrome: a mechanistic hypothesis.

    Stiver, Shirley I / Wintermark, Max / Manley, Geoffrey T

    Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement

    2008  Volume 102, Page(s) 273–277

    Abstract: Background: In our neurotrauma practice, "motor trephine syndrome" was defined as a contralateral monoparesis that developed as a delayed and reversible complication in patients treated with decompressive hemicraniectomy for traumatic brain injury (TBI). ...

    Abstract Background: In our neurotrauma practice, "motor trephine syndrome" was defined as a contralateral monoparesis that developed as a delayed and reversible complication in patients treated with decompressive hemicraniectomy for traumatic brain injury (TBI). The goal of this study was to define causal factors associated with this syndrome.
    Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical records and imaging studies of all patients undergoing decompressive hemicraniectomy followed by cranioplasty repair in our comprehensive database of TBI patients. Detailed analysis of motor function from the time of injury to 6 months following cranioplasty repair identified three patterns of motor recovery.
    Results: Blossoming of contusions, CSF circulation dysfunction, and longer times to cranioplasty repair were strongly associated with "motor trephine syndrome". We hypothesize that "motor trephine syndrome" arises from decompensated CSF flow with transgression of CSF fluid and edema into brain parenchyma, together with associated decrements in cerebral blood flow.
    Conclusion: Prior contusion injury, decreased skull resistance with large hemispheric decompressions, and longer intervals to cranioplasty repair facilitate transparenchymal flow of CSF and edema. "Motor trephine syndrome" is rapidly reversible following cranioplasty repair. CSF and edema fluid changes within the parenchyma and CBF normalize, coincident with improvements in the patient's motor function, upon replacement of the bone.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain Injuries/surgery ; Craniotomy/adverse effects ; Decompression, Surgical/adverse effects ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Movement Disorders/etiology ; Movement Disorders/pathology ; Movement Disorders/physiopathology ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Trephining/adverse effects ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008
    Publishing country Austria
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 0065-1419
    ISSN 0065-1419
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-211-85578-2_51
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Reversible monoparesis following decompressive hemicraniectomy for traumatic brain injury.

    Stiver, Shirley I / Wintermark, Max / Manley, Geoffrey T

    Journal of neurosurgery

    2008  Volume 109, Issue 2, Page(s) 245–254

    Abstract: Object: The "syndrome of the trephined" is an uncommon and poorly understood disorder of delayed neurological deficit following craniectomy. From the authors' extensive experience with decompressive hemicraniectomy for traumatic brain injury (TBI), they ...

    Abstract Object: The "syndrome of the trephined" is an uncommon and poorly understood disorder of delayed neurological deficit following craniectomy. From the authors' extensive experience with decompressive hemicraniectomy for traumatic brain injury (TBI), they have encountered a number of patients who developed delayed motor deficits, also called "motor trephine syndrome," and reversal of the weakness following cranioplasty repair. The authors set out to study motor function systematically in this patient population to define the incidence, contributing factors, and outcome of patients with motor trephine syndrome.
    Methods: The authors evaluated patient demographics, injury characteristics, detailed motor examinations, and CT scans in 38 patients with long-term follow-up after decompressive hemicraniectomy for TBI.
    Results: Ten patients (26%) experienced delayed contralateral upper-extremity weakness, beginning 4.9 +/- 0.4 months (mean +/- standard error) after decompressive hemicraniectomy. Motor deficits improved markedly within 72 hours of cranioplasty repair, and all patients recovered full motor function. The CT perfusion scans, performed in 2 patients, demonstrated improvements in cerebral blood flow commensurate with resolution of cerebrospinal fluid flow disturbances on CT scanning and return of motor strength. Comparisons between 10 patients with and 20 patients (53%) without delayed motor deficits identified 3 factors--ipsilateral contusions, abnormal cerebrospinal fluid circulation, and longer intervals to cranioplasty repair--to be strongly associated with delayed, reversible monoparesis following decompressive hemicraniectomy.
    Conclusions: Delayed, reversible monoparesis, also called motor trephine syndrome, is common following decompressive hemicraniectomy for TBI. The results of this study suggest that close follow-up of motor strength with early cranioplasty repair may prevent delayed motor complications of decompressive hemicraniectomy.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain Injuries/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Injuries/epidemiology ; Brain Injuries/surgery ; Craniotomy/adverse effects ; Craniotomy/statistics & numerical data ; Databases, Factual ; Decompression, Surgical/adverse effects ; Decompression, Surgical/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paresis/epidemiology ; Paresis/etiology ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Recovery of Function ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Trephining/adverse effects ; Trephining/statistics & numerical data
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3089-2
    ISSN 1933-0693 ; 0022-3085
    ISSN (online) 1933-0693
    ISSN 0022-3085
    DOI 10.3171/JNS/2008/109/8/0245
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Bilateral cervical spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas with intracranial venous drainage mimicking a foramen magnum dural arteriovenous fistula.

    Hetts, Steven W / English, Joey D / Stiver, Shirley I / Singh, Vineeta / Yee, Erin J / Cooke, Daniel L / Halbach, Van V

    Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences

    2013  Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) 483–488

    Abstract: We describe a unique case of bilateral cervical spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas mimicking an intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula near the foramen magnum. We review its detection via MRI and digital subtraction angiography and subsequent ... ...

    Abstract We describe a unique case of bilateral cervical spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas mimicking an intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula near the foramen magnum. We review its detection via MRI and digital subtraction angiography and subsequent management through surgical intervention. Pitfalls in diagnostic angiography are discussed with reference to accurate location of the fistula site. The venous anastomotic connections of the posterior midline spinal vein to the medial posterior medullary vein, posterior fossa bridging veins, and dural venous sinuses of the skull base are discussed with reference to problem-solving in this complex case. The mechanism of myelopathy through venous hypertension produced by spinal dural fistulas is also emphasized.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations/pathology ; Cerebral Veins/abnormalities ; Cerebral Veins/pathology ; Cervical Vertebrae/pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Foramen Magnum/blood supply ; Foramen Magnum/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography/methods ; Male ; Radiography ; Spinal Cord/abnormalities ; Spinal Cord/blood supply ; Spinal Cord/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-12-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1354913-3
    ISSN 1591-0199 ; 1123-9344
    ISSN 1591-0199 ; 1123-9344
    DOI 10.1177/159101991301900413
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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