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  1. Article ; Online: Modeling wastewater temperature and attenuation of sewage-borne biomarkers globally.

    Hart, Olga E / Halden, Rolf U

    Water research

    2020  Volume 172, Page(s) 115473

    Abstract: Accurate modeling of in-sewer degradation of sewage-borne epidemiological biomarkers requires information on local wastewater temperature. We applied a deterministic, physical model to map theoretical wastewater temperature on a monthly scale worldwide ... ...

    Abstract Accurate modeling of in-sewer degradation of sewage-borne epidemiological biomarkers requires information on local wastewater temperature. We applied a deterministic, physical model to map theoretical wastewater temperature on a monthly scale worldwide and incorporated in the model estimated changes in the decay rate of 31 biomarkers of public health relevance frequently used in wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). Over the course of a year, 75% of the world's global wastewater temperatures were estimated to fall into the temperature range of 6.9-34.4 °C. These non-fitted results obtained purely a priori were in good agreement with empirical observations (n = 400), as indicated by coefficients for Pearson (0.81; 0.76) and Spearman (0.86; 0.78) correlations for annual minima and maxima, respectively. Application of the Q
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers ; Sewage ; Temperature ; Waste Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Sewage ; Waste Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 202613-2
    ISSN 1879-2448 ; 0043-1354
    ISSN (online) 1879-2448
    ISSN 0043-1354
    DOI 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115473
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Simulated 2017 nationwide sampling at 13,940 major U.S. sewage treatment plants to assess seasonal population bias in wastewater-based epidemiology.

    Hart, Olga E / Halden, Rolf U

    The Science of the total environment

    2020  Volume 727, Page(s) 138406

    Abstract: ... distinct, non-random changes in demographic parameters of monitored subpopulations (e.g., by household ...

    Abstract Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an economical technique for monitoring and managing the health and behavior of human populations. Using 2017 nationwide data on geospatial population demographics as a test case, we simulated repeated sampling at all major U.S. wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs; n = 13,940) under constant biomarker loading conditions, to explore the potential sensitivity of WBE for generating skewed data. Simulation of repeated sewage sampling over all four seasons of 2017 yielded a number of expected, inter-dependent phenomena triggered by cooler wintertime temperatures compared to summertime results, including relatively (i) slower in-sewer biomarker decay, (ii) longer distal reach of WBE, (iii) larger effective sewershed monitoring areas, and (iv) an increase in the population represented. Additional important but not necessarily anticipated simulation outcomes included (v) distinct, non-random changes in demographic parameters of monitored subpopulations (e.g., by household income, educational attainment, military service, unemployment, and lack of health insurance), (vi) recurring observation of the latter demographic patterns across various geospatial scales and regions, and (vii) more evenly distributed results in the winter. In contrast, data obtainable by WBE in the summertime were dominated by households residing closest to the WWTP and subpopulations of relatively lesser wealth, educational achievement, healthcare access and employability. The analytical approach presented here should be readily applicable to other regions worldwide and may help to improve the design, robustness and interpretation of future WBE studies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Seasons ; Sewage ; Waste Water/analysis ; Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
    Chemical Substances Sewage ; Waste Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-16
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138406
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Computational analysis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 surveillance by wastewater-based epidemiology locally and globally: Feasibility, economy, opportunities and challenges.

    Hart, Olga E / Halden, Rolf U

    The Science of the total environment

    2020  Volume 730, Page(s) 138875

    Abstract: ... epidemic hotspots (e.g., Wuhan, Milan, Madrid, New York City, Teheran, Seattle, Detroit and New Orleans ...

    Abstract With the economic and practical limits of medical screening for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 coming sharply into focus worldwide, scientists are turning now to wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) as a potential tool for assessing and managing the pandemic. We employed computational analysis and modeling to examine the feasibility, economy, opportunities and challenges of enumerating active coronavirus infections locally and globally using WBE. Depending on local conditions, detection in community wastewater of one symptomatic/asymptomatic infected case per 100 to 2,000,000 non-infected people is theoretically feasible, with some practical successes now being reported from around the world. Computer simulations for past, present and emerging epidemic hotspots (e.g., Wuhan, Milan, Madrid, New York City, Teheran, Seattle, Detroit and New Orleans) identified temperature, average in-sewer travel time and per-capita water use as key variables. WBE surveillance of populations is shown to be orders of magnitude cheaper and faster than clinical screening, yet cannot fully replace it. Cost savings worldwide for one-time national surveillance campaigns are estimated to be in the million to billion US dollar range (US$), depending on a nation's population size and number of testing rounds conducted. For resource poor regions and nations, WBE may represent the only viable means of effective surveillance. Important limitations of WBE rest with its inability to identify individuals and to pinpoint their specific locations. Not compensating for temperature effects renders WBE data vulnerable to severe under-/over-estimation of infected cases. Effective surveillance may be envisioned as a two-step process in which WBE serves to identify and enumerate infected cases, where after clinical testing then serves to identify infected individuals in WBE-revealed hotspots. Data provided here demonstrate this approach to save money, be broadly applicable worldwide, and potentially aid in precision management of the pandemic, thereby helping to accelerate the global economic recovery that billions of people rely upon for their livelihoods.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Feasibility Studies ; Humans ; New Orleans ; New York City ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-22
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138875
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: On the need to integrate uncertainty into U.S. water resource planning.

    Hart, Olga E / Halden, Rolf U

    The Science of the total environment

    2019  Volume 691, Page(s) 1262–1270

    Abstract: A changing climate is expected to introduce uncertainty into water resource management decision making. We examined the latest publicly-available, state-level guidance regarding the management of water supplies and demands concerning risks associated ... ...

    Abstract A changing climate is expected to introduce uncertainty into water resource management decision making. We examined the latest publicly-available, state-level guidance regarding the management of water supplies and demands concerning risks associated with drought, flooding, and climate change. We found state-level guidance supplementing the federally-backed flood mitigation program to be updated most regularly (54% in the last 5 years; 84% in the last decade). Yet, the underlying floodplain mapping data these local planning efforts rely on are acknowledged by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to be chronically outdated. Drought planning guidance was found to be most outdated (16% last updated in the last 5 years; 18% almost two decades ago), and across the U.S., almost universally (94%) reactive (emergency response) rather than proactive (mitigation or management). Although 79-94% of states provide some level of guidance regarding water supply and demand, the projections themselves may significantly predate the guidance. Many (70%) U.S. states still lack climate change impact guidance, particularly non-coastal states and those impacted by increased water scarcity rather than flooding. Strategies are rare (4%) for addressing the impacts of increased variability and uncertainty to meet inelastic demands with finite supplies. We conclude significant gaps exist in planning to address known or projected risks of climate-related impacts. Specific recommendations, including the implementation of a nationwide water census, are provided to improve both the data and knowledge base of water management and reduce current vulnerabilities.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-12
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.164
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Computational analysis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 surveillance by wastewater-based epidemiology locally and globally

    Hart, Olga E. / Halden, Rolf U.

    Science of The Total Environment

    Feasibility, economy, opportunities and challenges

    2020  Volume 730, Page(s) 138875

    Keywords Environmental Engineering ; Waste Management and Disposal ; Pollution ; Environmental Chemistry ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138875
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article: Simulated 2017 nationwide sampling at 13,940 major U.S. sewage treatment plants to assess seasonal population bias in wastewater-based epidemiology

    Hart, Olga E / Halden, Rolf U

    Science of the total environment. 2020 July 20, v. 727

    2020  

    Abstract: ... distinct, non-random changes in demographic parameters of monitored subpopulations (e.g., by household ...

    Abstract Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an economical technique for monitoring and managing the health and behavior of human populations. Using 2017 nationwide data on geospatial population demographics as a test case, we simulated repeated sampling at all major U.S. wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs; n = 13,940) under constant biomarker loading conditions, to explore the potential sensitivity of WBE for generating skewed data. Simulation of repeated sewage sampling over all four seasons of 2017 yielded a number of expected, inter-dependent phenomena triggered by cooler wintertime temperatures compared to summertime results, including relatively (i) slower in-sewer biomarker decay, (ii) longer distal reach of WBE, (iii) larger effective sewershed monitoring areas, and (iv) an increase in the population represented. Additional important but not necessarily anticipated simulation outcomes included (v) distinct, non-random changes in demographic parameters of monitored subpopulations (e.g., by household income, educational attainment, military service, unemployment, and lack of health insurance), (vi) recurring observation of the latter demographic patterns across various geospatial scales and regions, and (vii) more evenly distributed results in the winter. In contrast, data obtainable by WBE in the summertime were dominated by households residing closest to the WWTP and subpopulations of relatively lesser wealth, educational achievement, healthcare access and employability. The analytical approach presented here should be readily applicable to other regions worldwide and may help to improve the design, robustness and interpretation of future WBE studies.
    Keywords academic achievement ; analytical methods ; biomarkers ; demographic statistics ; epidemiology ; health insurance ; health services ; household income ; households ; human population ; monitoring ; sewage ; sewage treatment ; summer ; temperature ; unemployment ; wastewater treatment ; winter ; United States
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0720
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138406
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: Computational analysis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 surveillance by wastewater-based epidemiology locally and globally: Feasibility, economy, opportunities and challenges

    Hart, Olga E / Halden, Rolf U

    Sci Total Environ

    Abstract: ... epidemic hotspots (e.g., Wuhan, Milan, Madrid, New York City, Teheran, Seattle, Detroit and New Orleans ...

    Abstract With the economic and practical limits of medical screening for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 coming sharply into focus worldwide, scientists are turning now to wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) as a potential tool for assessing and managing the pandemic. We employed computational analysis and modeling to examine the feasibility, economy, opportunities and challenges of enumerating active coronavirus infections locally and globally using WBE. Depending on local conditions, detection in community wastewater of one symptomatic/asymptomatic infected case per 100 to 2,000,000 non-infected people is theoretically feasible, with some practical successes now being reported from around the world. Computer simulations for past, present and emerging epidemic hotspots (e.g., Wuhan, Milan, Madrid, New York City, Teheran, Seattle, Detroit and New Orleans) identified temperature, average in-sewer travel time and per-capita water use as key variables. WBE surveillance of populations is shown to be orders of magnitude cheaper and faster than clinical screening, yet cannot fully replace it. Cost savings worldwide for one-time national surveillance campaigns are estimated to be in the million to billion US dollar range (US$), depending on a nation's population size and number of testing rounds conducted. For resource poor regions and nations, WBE may represent the only viable means of effective surveillance. Important limitations of WBE rest with its inability to identify individuals and to pinpoint their specific locations. Not compensating for temperature effects renders WBE data vulnerable to severe under-/over-estimation of infected cases. Effective surveillance may be envisioned as a two-step process in which WBE serves to identify and enumerate infected cases, where after clinical testing then serves to identify infected individuals in WBE-revealed hotspots. Data provided here demonstrate this approach to save money, be broadly applicable worldwide, and potentially aid in precision management of the pandemic, thereby helping to accelerate the global economic recovery that billions of people rely upon for their livelihoods.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #102248
    Database COVID19

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  8. Article ; Online: Computational analysis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 surveillance by wastewater-based epidemiology locally and globally

    Hart, Olga E. / Halden, Rolf

    The science of the total environment, 730:138875

    Feasibility, economy, opportunities and challenges

    2020  

    Abstract: ... epidemic hotspots (e.g., Wuhan, Milan, Madrid, New York City, Teheran, Seattle, Detroit and New Orleans ...

    Abstract With the economic and practical limits of medical screening for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 coming sharply into focus worldwide, scientists are turning now to wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) as a potential tool for assessing and managing the pandemic. We employed computational analysis and modeling to examine the feasibility, economy, opportunities and challenges of enumerating active coronavirus infections locally and globally using WBE. Depending on local conditions, detection in community wastewater of one symptomatic/asymptomatic infected case per 100 to 2,000,000 non-infected people is theoretically feasible, with some practical successes now being reported from around the world. Computer simulations for past, present and emerging epidemic hotspots (e.g., Wuhan, Milan, Madrid, New York City, Teheran, Seattle, Detroit and New Orleans) identified temperature, average in-sewer travel time and per-capita water use as key variables. WBE surveillance of populations is shown to be orders of magnitude cheaper and faster than clinical screening, yet cannot fully replace it. Cost savings worldwide for one-time national surveillance campaigns are estimated to be in the million to billion US dollar range (US$), depending on a nation's population size and number of testing rounds conducted. For resource poor regions and nations, WBE may represent the only viable means of effective surveillance. Important limitations of WBE rest with its inability to identify individuals and to pinpoint their specific locations. Not compensating for temperature effects renders WBE data vulnerable to severe under-/over-estimation of infected cases. Effective surveillance may be envisioned as a two-step process in which WBE serves to identify and enumerate infected cases, where after clinical testing then serves to identify infected individuals in WBE-revealed hotspots. Data provided here demonstrate this approach to save money, be broadly applicable worldwide, and potentially aid in precision management of the pandemic, thereby helping to accelerate the global economic recovery that billions of people rely upon for their livelihoods.
    Keywords Global health ; COVID-19 ; Modeling ; Wastewater-based epidemiology ; Coronavirus ; covid19
    Language English
    Publishing country de
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: On the need to integrate uncertainty into U.S. water resource planning

    Hart, Olga E / Halden, Rolf U

    Science of the total environment. 2019 Nov. 15, v. 691

    2019  

    Abstract: A changing climate is expected to introduce uncertainty into water resource management decision making. We examined the latest publicly-available, state-level guidance regarding the management of water supplies and demands concerning risks associated ... ...

    Abstract A changing climate is expected to introduce uncertainty into water resource management decision making. We examined the latest publicly-available, state-level guidance regarding the management of water supplies and demands concerning risks associated with drought, flooding, and climate change. We found state-level guidance supplementing the federally-backed flood mitigation program to be updated most regularly (54% in the last 5 years; 84% in the last decade). Yet, the underlying floodplain mapping data these local planning efforts rely on are acknowledged by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to be chronically outdated. Drought planning guidance was found to be most outdated (16% last updated in the last 5 years; 18% almost two decades ago), and across the U.S., almost universally (94%) reactive (emergency response) rather than proactive (mitigation or management). Although 79–94% of states provide some level of guidance regarding water supply and demand, the projections themselves may significantly predate the guidance. Many (70%) U.S. states still lack climate change impact guidance, particularly non-coastal states and those impacted by increased water scarcity rather than flooding. Strategies are rare (4%) for addressing the impacts of increased variability and uncertainty to meet inelastic demands with finite supplies. We conclude significant gaps exist in planning to address known or projected risks of climate-related impacts. Specific recommendations, including the implementation of a nationwide water census, are provided to improve both the data and knowledge base of water management and reduce current vulnerabilities.
    Keywords climate change ; decision making ; drought ; floodplains ; planning ; risk ; supply balance ; uncertainty ; water management ; water shortages ; United States
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-1115
    Size p. 1262-1270.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.164
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article ; Online: Post-zygotic rescue of meiotic errors causes brain mosaicism and focal epilepsy.

    Miller, Katherine E / Rivaldi, Adithe C / Shinagawa, Noriyuki / Sran, Sahib / Navarro, Jason B / Westfall, Jesse J / Miller, Anthony R / Roberts, Ryan D / Akkari, Yassmine / Supinger, Rachel / Hester, Mark E / Marhabaie, Mohammad / Gade, Meethila / Lu, Jinfeng / Rodziyevska, Olga / Bhattacharjee, Meenakshi B / Von Allmen, Gretchen K / Yang, Edward / Lidov, Hart G W /
    Harini, Chellamani / Shah, Manish N / Leonard, Jeffrey / Pindrik, Jonathan / Shaikhouni, Ammar / Goldman, James E / Pierson, Christopher R / Thomas, Diana L / Boué, Daniel R / Ostendorf, Adam P / Mardis, Elaine R / Poduri, Annapurna / Koboldt, Daniel C / Heinzen, Erin L / Bedrosian, Tracy A

    Nature genetics

    2023  Volume 55, Issue 11, Page(s) 1920–1928

    Abstract: Somatic mosaicism is a known cause of neurological disorders, including developmental brain malformations and epilepsy. Brain mosaicism is traditionally attributed to post-zygotic genetic alterations arising in fetal development. Here we describe post- ... ...

    Abstract Somatic mosaicism is a known cause of neurological disorders, including developmental brain malformations and epilepsy. Brain mosaicism is traditionally attributed to post-zygotic genetic alterations arising in fetal development. Here we describe post-zygotic rescue of meiotic errors as an alternate origin of brain mosaicism in patients with focal epilepsy who have mosaic chromosome 1q copy number gains. Genomic analysis showed evidence of an extra parentally derived chromosome 1q allele in the resected brain tissue from five of six patients. This copy number gain is observed only in patient brain tissue, but not in blood or buccal cells, and is strongly enriched in astrocytes. Astrocytes carrying chromosome 1q gains exhibit distinct gene expression signatures and hyaline inclusions, supporting a novel genetic association for astrocytic inclusions in epilepsy. Further, these data demonstrate an alternate mechanism of brain chromosomal mosaicism, with parentally derived copy number gain isolated to brain, reflecting rescue in other tissues during development.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mosaicism ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mutation ; Brain ; Epilepsies, Partial/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1108734-1
    ISSN 1546-1718 ; 1061-4036
    ISSN (online) 1546-1718
    ISSN 1061-4036
    DOI 10.1038/s41588-023-01547-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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