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  1. Article ; Online: Optimising Elastic Network Models for Protein Dynamics and Allostery: Spatial and Modal Cut-offs and Backbone Stiffness.

    Dubanevics, Igors / McLeish, Tom C B

    Journal of molecular biology

    2022  Volume 434, Issue 17, Page(s) 167696

    Abstract: The family of coarse-grained models for protein dynamics known as Elastic Network Models (ENMs) require careful choice of parameters to represent well experimental measurements or fully-atomistic simulations. The most basic ENM that represents each ... ...

    Abstract The family of coarse-grained models for protein dynamics known as Elastic Network Models (ENMs) require careful choice of parameters to represent well experimental measurements or fully-atomistic simulations. The most basic ENM that represents each protein residue by a node at the position of its C-alpha atom, all connected by springs of equal stiffness, up to a cut-off in distance. Even at this level a choice is required of the optimum cut-off distance and the upper limit of elastic normal modes taken in any sum for physical properties, such as dynamic correlation or allosteric effects on binding. Additionally, backbone-enhanced ENM (BENM) may improve the model by allocating a higher stiffness to springs that connect along the protein backbone. This work reports on the effect of varying these three parameters (distance and mode cutoffs, backbone stiffness) on the dynamical structure of three proteins, Catabolite Activator Protein (CAP), Glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (M pro ). Our main results are: (1) balancing B-factor and dispersion-relation predictions, a near-universal optimal value of 8.5 Å is advisable for ENMs; (2) inhomogeneity in elasticity brings the first mode containing spatial structure not well-resolved by the ENM typically within the first 20; (3) the BENM only affects modes in the upper third of the distribution, and, additionally to the ENM, is only able to model the dispersion curve better in this vicinity; (4) BENM does not typically affect fluctuation-allostery, which also requires careful treatment of the effector binding to the host protein to capture.
    MeSH term(s) Allosteric Regulation ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases/chemistry ; Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein/chemistry ; Elasticity ; Glutathione Transferase/chemistry ; Humans ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Protein Conformation
    Chemical Substances Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein ; Glutathione Transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) ; 3C-like proteinase, SARS-CoV-2 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases (EC 3.4.22.28)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-08
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80229-3
    ISSN 1089-8638 ; 0022-2836
    ISSN (online) 1089-8638
    ISSN 0022-2836
    DOI 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167696
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Optimising Elastic Network Models for Protein Dynamics and Allostery: Spatial and Modal Cut-offs and Backbone Stiffness

    Dubanevics, Igors / McLeish, Tom C.B.

    Journal of Molecular Biology. 2022 Sept., v. 434, no. 17 p.167696-

    2022  

    Abstract: The family of coarse-grained models for protein dynamics known as Elastic Network Models (ENMs) require careful choice of parameters to represent well experimental measurements or fully-atomistic simulations. The most basic ENM that represents each ... ...

    Abstract The family of coarse-grained models for protein dynamics known as Elastic Network Models (ENMs) require careful choice of parameters to represent well experimental measurements or fully-atomistic simulations. The most basic ENM that represents each protein residue by a node at the position of its C-alpha atom, all connected by springs of equal stiffness, up to a cut-off in distance. Even at this level a choice is required of the optimum cut-off distance and the upper limit of elastic normal modes taken in any sum for physical properties, such as dynamic correlation or allosteric effects on binding. Additionally, backbone-enhanced ENM (BENM) may improve the model by allocating a higher stiffness to springs that connect along the protein backbone. This work reports on the effect of varying these three parameters (distance and mode cutoffs, backbone stiffness) on the dynamical structure of three proteins, Catabolite Activator Protein (CAP), Glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (M pro). Our main results are: (1) balancing B-factor and dispersion-relation predictions, a near-universal optimal value of 8.5 Å is advisable for ENMs; (2) inhomogeneity in elasticity brings the first mode containing spatial structure not well-resolved by the ENM typically within the first 20; (3) the BENM only affects modes in the upper third of the distribution, and, additionally to the ENM, is only able to model the dispersion curve better in this vicinity; (4) BENM does not typically affect fluctuation-allostery, which also requires careful treatment of the effector binding to the host protein to capture.
    Keywords glutathione transferase ; models ; molecular biology ; proteinases ; Elastic Network Models ; allostery ; protein dynamics
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-09
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Use and reproduction
    ZDB-ID 80229-3
    ISSN 1089-8638 ; 0022-2836
    ISSN (online) 1089-8638
    ISSN 0022-2836
    DOI 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167696
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Computational analysis of dynamic allostery and control in the SARS-CoV-2 main protease.

    Dubanevics, Igors / McLeish, Tom C B

    Journal of the Royal Society, Interface

    2021  Volume 18, Issue 174, Page(s) 20200591

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has no publicly available vaccine or antiviral drugs at the time of writing. An attractive coronavirus drug target is the main protease ( ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has no publicly available vaccine or antiviral drugs at the time of writing. An attractive coronavirus drug target is the main protease (M
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/virology ; Computer Simulation ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; SARS-CoV-2/enzymology ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; Thermodynamics ; Viral Proteases/chemistry ; Viral Proteases/drug effects ; Viral Proteases/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Viral Proteases (EC 3.4.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2156283-0
    ISSN 1742-5662 ; 1742-5689
    ISSN (online) 1742-5662
    ISSN 1742-5689
    DOI 10.1098/rsif.2020.0591
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Computational Analysis of Dynamic Allostery and Control in the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease

    Dubanevics, Igors / McLeish, Tom C

    bioRxiv

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has generated a global pandemic and no vaccine or antiviral drugs exist at the moment of writing. An attractive coronavirus drug target is the main protease (Mpro, also known as 3CLpro) ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has generated a global pandemic and no vaccine or antiviral drugs exist at the moment of writing. An attractive coronavirus drug target is the main protease (Mpro, also known as 3CLpro) because of its vital role in the viral cycle. A significant body of work has been focused on finding inhibitors which bind and block the active site of the main protease, but little has been done to address potential non-competitive inhibition which targets regions beyond the active site, partly because the fundamental biophysics of such allosteric control is still poorly understood. In this work, we construct an Elastic Network Model (ENM) of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro homodimer protein and analyse the dynamics and thermodynamics of the main proteases ENM. We found a rich and heterogeneous dynamical structure in the correlated motions, including allosterically correlated motions between the homodimeric proteases active sites. Exhaustive 1-point and 2-point mutation scans of the ENM and their effect on fluctuation free energies confirm previously experimentally identified bioactive residues, but also suggest several new candidate regions that are distant from the active site for control of the protease function. Our results suggest new dynamically-driven control regions as possible candidates for non-competitive inhibiting binding sites in the protease, which may assist the development of current fragmentbased binding screens. The results also provide new insight into the protein physics of fluctuation allostery and its underpinning dynamical structure.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher BioRxiv; WHO
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note WHO #Covidence: #105965
    DOI 10.1101/2020.05.21.105965
    Database COVID19

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  5. Article ; Online: Computational Analysis of Dynamic Allostery and Control in the three SARS-CoV-2 non-structural proteins

    Dubanevics, Igors / Heaton, Charles / Riechmann, Carlos / McLeish, Tom C B

    bioRxiv

    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused the COVID-19 pandemic, has no vaccine or antiviral drugs available to the public, at the time of writing. The non-structural proteins of the virus are promising drug targets ... ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused the COVID-19 pandemic, has no vaccine or antiviral drugs available to the public, at the time of writing. The non-structural proteins of the virus are promising drug targets because of their vital role in the viral cycle. A significant body of work has been focused on finding inhibitors which covalently and competitively bind the active site of the non-structural proteins, but little has been done to address regions other than the active site, i.e. for non-competitive inhibition. Here we extend previous work on the SARS-CoV-2 M<sup>pro</sup> (nsp5) to three other SARS-CoV-2 proteins: host shutoff factor (nsp1), papain-like protease (nsp3, also known as PLpro) and RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (nsp12, also known as RdRp) in complex with nsp7 and nsp8 cofactors. Using open-source software (DDPT) to construct Elastic Network Models (ENM) of the chosen proteins we analyse their fluctuation dynamics and thermodynamics, as well as using this protein family to study convergence and robustness of the ENM. Exhaustive 2-point mutational scans of the ENM and their effect on fluctuation free energies suggest several new candidate regions, distant from the active site, for control of the function of the proteins, which may assist the drug development based on the current small molecule binding screens. The results also provide new insights, including non-additive effects of double-mutation or inhibition, into the active biophysical research field of protein fluctuation allostery and its underpinning dynamical structure.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-14
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2020.12.12.422477
    Database COVID19

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