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Article ; Online: The public-health significance of far-UVC-induced indoor ozone and its associated secondary chemistry.

Brenner, David J

2023

Abstract: There has been much recent interest in whole-room far-UVC (wavelength around 222 nm) to markedly and safely reduce overall levels of airborne pathogens in occupied indoor locations. Far-UVC light produces very low levels of ozone-in real-world scenarios ... ...

Abstract	There has been much recent interest in whole-room far-UVC (wavelength around 222 nm) to markedly and safely reduce overall levels of airborne pathogens in occupied indoor locations. Far-UVC light produces very low levels of ozone-in real-world scenarios induced ozone levels of less than 10 ppb, and much less in moderately or well-ventilated rooms compliant with US far-UVC dose recommendations, and very much less in rooms compliant with international far-UVC dose standards. At these very low ozone levels, there is no epidemiological evidence of increased health risks from any of the very large outdoor ozone studies, whether from ozone alone or from ozone plus associated pollutants. Indoors, at the low ozone concentrations of relevance here, ozone does not react rapidly enough with preexisting airborne volatile organic compounds to compete with even extremely low levels of room ventilation, so significant ozone-induced ultrafine particle production is very unlikely. Direct measurements in real-life room scenarios are consistent with these conclusions. A potential exception is the cleaning material limonene, which has an unusually high ozone interaction cross-section; in the far-UVC context, turning off far-UVC lights during cleaning with limonene products would be reasonable.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	123540-0
ISSN	1751-1097 ; 0031-8655
ISSN (online)	1751-1097
ISSN	0031-8655
DOI	10.1111/php.13892
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Article ; Online: Far-UVC Light at 222 nm is Showing Significant Potential to Safely and Efficiently Inactivate Airborne Pathogens in Occupied Indoor Locations.

Brenner, David J

Photochemistry and photobiology

2022 Volume 99, Issue 3, Page(s) 1047–1050

Abstract: Far UVC light (UVC wavelengths below 235 nm) is a comparatively new modality with significant potential to safely and very efficiently inactivate airborne pathogens in occupied indoor locations. There are now significant accumulations of evidence both in ...

Abstract	Far UVC light (UVC wavelengths below 235 nm) is a comparatively new modality with significant potential to safely and very efficiently inactivate airborne pathogens in occupied indoor locations. There are now significant accumulations of evidence both in terms of the safety of far-UVC for direct exposure of occupied indoor locations, and in terms of its efficacy to markedly reduce the levels of active airborne pathogens This article reviews both the safety of far-UVC, which has a clear mechanistic underpinning, and its efficacy, both in the laboratory and in full-sized rooms. Highlighted is the paper by Ma et al. in this issue of Photochemistry and Photobiology which addresses the efficacy of far-UVC light (in this case at 222 nm) against a broad spectrum of common pathogens including SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses. From their data, and based on our understanding of the largely random nature of UVC-induced damage within the genome, far UVC would be expected to be effective against the next pandemic virus, if and when it emerges.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Ultraviolet Rays ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Disinfection
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	123540-0
ISSN	1751-1097 ; 0031-8655
ISSN (online)	1751-1097
ISSN	0031-8655
DOI	10.1111/php.13739
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Article ; Online: Low Radiation Doses: Small Risks? No Risks? Or Risks to Only a Few?

Brenner, David J

Radiology

2020 Volume 295, Issue 2, Page(s) 446–447

MeSH term(s)	DNA ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced ; Radiation Dosage ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Chemical Substances	DNA (9007-49-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80324-8
ISSN	1527-1315 ; 0033-8419
ISSN (online)	1527-1315
ISSN	0033-8419
DOI	10.1148/radiol.2020200212
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Article ; Online: RABiT-III: an Automated Micronucleus Assay at a Non-Specialized Biodosimetry Facility.

Repin, Mikhail / Garty, Guy / Garippa, Ralph J / Brenner, David J

Radiation research

2024

Abstract: Micronuclei, detected through the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, are valuable indicators of ionizing radiation exposure, especially in short-term lymphocyte cultures. The peripheral human blood lymphocyte assay is recognized as a prime candidate ... ...

Abstract	Micronuclei, detected through the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, are valuable indicators of ionizing radiation exposure, especially in short-term lymphocyte cultures. The peripheral human blood lymphocyte assay is recognized as a prime candidate for automated biodosimetry. In a prior project at the Columbia University Center for Radiological Research, we automated this assay using the 96-well ANSI/SLAS microplate standard format and relied on established biotech robotic systems named Rapid Automated Biodosimetry Tool (RABiT). In this study, we present the application of a similar automated biotech setup at an external high-throughput facility (RABiT-III) to implement the same automated cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Specifically, we employed the Agilent BRAVO liquid-handling system and GE IN Cell Analyzer 6000 imaging system in conjunction with the PerkinElmer Columbus image data storage and analysis system. Notably, this analysis system features an embedded PhenoLOGIC machine learning module, simplifying the creation of cell classification algorithms for CBMN assay image analysis and enabling the generation of radiation dose-response curves. This investigation underscores the adaptability of the RABiT-II CBMN protocol to diverse RABiT-III biotech robotic platforms in non-specialized biodosimetry centers. Furthermore, it highlights the advantages of machine learning in rapidly developing algorithms crucial for the high-throughput automated analysis of RABiT-III images.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80322-4
ISSN	1938-5404 ; 0033-7587
ISSN (online)	1938-5404
ISSN	0033-7587
DOI	10.1667/RADE-23-00120.1
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Article ; Online: 222 nm far-UVC light markedly reduces the level of infectious airborne virus in an occupied room.

Buonanno, Manuela / Kleiman, Norman J / Welch, David / Hashmi, Raabia / Shuryak, Igor / Brenner, David J

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 6722

Abstract: An emerging intervention for control of airborne-mediated pandemics and epidemics is whole-room far-UVC (200-235 nm). Laboratory studies have shown that 222-nm light inactivates airborne pathogens, potentially without harm to exposed occupants. While ... ...

Abstract	An emerging intervention for control of airborne-mediated pandemics and epidemics is whole-room far-UVC (200-235 nm). Laboratory studies have shown that 222-nm light inactivates airborne pathogens, potentially without harm to exposed occupants. While encouraging results have been reported in benchtop studies and in room-sized bioaerosol chambers, there is a need for quantitative studies of airborne pathogen reduction in occupied rooms. We quantified far-UVC mediated reduction of aerosolized murine norovirus (MNV) in an occupied mouse-cage cleaning room within an animal-care facility. Benchtop studies suggest that MNV is a conservative surrogate for airborne viruses such as influenza and coronavirus. Using four 222-nm fixtures installed in the ceiling, and staying well within current recommended regulatory limits, far-UVC reduced airborne infectious MNV by 99.8% (95% CI: 98.2-99.9%). Similar to previous room-sized bioaerosol chamber studies on far-UVC efficacy, these results suggest that aerosolized virus susceptibility is significantly higher in room-scale tests than in bench-scale laboratory studies. That said, as opposed to controlled laboratory studies, uncertainties in this study related to airflow patterns, virus residence time, and dose to the collected virus introduce uncertainty into the inactivation estimates. This study is the first to directly demonstrate far-UVC anti-microbial efficacy against airborne pathogens in an occupied indoor location.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Viruses ; Communicable Diseases ; Environment, Controlled ; Coronavirus Infections ; Norovirus ; Disinfection/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-57441-z
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Article ; Online: From Fog of War to Tailored Tracheostomy Timing.

Brenner, Michael J / Feller-Kopman, David J

Chest

2022 Volume 161, Issue 1, Page(s) 8–10

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Tracheostomy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1032552-9
ISSN	1931-3543 ; 0012-3692
ISSN (online)	1931-3543
ISSN	0012-3692
DOI	10.1016/j.chest.2021.07.2173
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Article ; Online: Quantifying the effects of neutron dose, dose protraction, age and sex on mouse survival using parametric regression and machine learning on a 21,000-mouse data set.

Wang, Eric / Shuryak, Igor / Brenner, David J

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 21841

Abstract: The biological effects of densely-ionizing radiations such as neutrons and heavy ions encountered in space travel, nuclear incidents, and cancer radiotherapy, significantly differ from those of sparsely-ionizing photons and necessitate a comprehensive ... ...

Abstract	The biological effects of densely-ionizing radiations such as neutrons and heavy ions encountered in space travel, nuclear incidents, and cancer radiotherapy, significantly differ from those of sparsely-ionizing photons and necessitate a comprehensive understanding for improved protection measures. Data on lifespan studies of laboratory rodents exposed to fission neutrons, accumulated in the Janus archive, afford unique insights into the impact of densely ionizing radiation on mortality from cancers and various organ dysfunction. We extracted and analyzed data for 21,308 individual B6CF1 mice to investigate the effects of neutron dose, fractionation, protraction, age, and sex on mortality. As Cox regression encountered limitations owing to assumption violations, we turned to Random Survival Forests (RSF), a machine learning algorithm adept at modeling nonlinear relationships. RSF interpretation using Shapley Additive Explanations revealed a dose response for mortality risk that curved upwards at low doses < 20 cGy, became nearly-linear over 20-150 cGy, and saturated at high doses. The response was enhanced by fractionation/protraction of irradiation (exhibiting an inverse dose rate effect), and diminished by older age at exposure. Somewhat reduced mortality was predicted for males vs females. This research expands our knowledge on the long-term effects of densely ionizing radiations on mammal mortality.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Female ; Animals ; Mice ; Gamma Rays ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Relative Biological Effectiveness ; Neutrons ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Mammals
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-49262-3
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Article ; Online: Effects of sulfoxide and sulfone sidechain-backbone hydrogen bonding on local conformations in peptide models.

Liu, Dayi / Robin, Sylvie / Gloaguen, Eric / Brenner, Valérie / Mons, Michel / Aitken, David J

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)

2024 Volume 60, Issue 15, Page(s) 2074–2077

Abstract: We examine peptide model systems designed to probe short-range N-H⋯OS sidechain-backbone hydrogen bonding involving amino acid residues with sidechain sulfoxide or sulfone functional groups and its effects on local conformations. A strong 7-membered ... ...

Abstract	We examine peptide model systems designed to probe short-range N-H⋯OS sidechain-backbone hydrogen bonding involving amino acid residues with sidechain sulfoxide or sulfone functional groups and its effects on local conformations. A strong 7-membered ring hydrogen bond of this type accompanies an intra-residue N-H⋯OC interaction and stabilizes an extended backbone conformation in preference to classical folded structures.
MeSH term(s)	Hydrogen Bonding ; Peptides/chemistry ; Molecular Conformation ; Amino Acids ; Sulfoxides
Chemical Substances	Peptides ; Amino Acids ; Sulfoxides
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1472881-3
ISSN	1364-548X ; 1359-7345 ; 0009-241X
ISSN (online)	1364-548X
ISSN	1359-7345 ; 0009-241X
DOI	10.1039/d3cc05933b
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Article ; Online: REVIEW OF QUANTITATIVE MECHANISTIC MODELS OF RADIATION-INDUCED NON-TARGETED EFFECTS (NTE).

Shuryak, Igor / Brenner, David J

Radiation protection dosimetry

2021 Volume 192, Issue 2, Page(s) 236–252

Abstract: Quantitative mechanistic modeling of the biological effects of ionizing radiation has a long rich history. Initially, it was dominated by target theory, which quantifies damage caused by traversal of cellular targets like DNA by ionizing tracks. The ... ...

Abstract	Quantitative mechanistic modeling of the biological effects of ionizing radiation has a long rich history. Initially, it was dominated by target theory, which quantifies damage caused by traversal of cellular targets like DNA by ionizing tracks. The discovery that mutagenesis, death and/or altered behavior sometimes occur in cells that were not themselves traversed by any radiation tracks but merely interacted with traversed cells was initially seen as surprising. As more evidence of such 'non-targeted' or 'bystander' effects accumulated, the importance of their contribution to radiation-induced damage became more recognized. Understanding and modeling these processes is important for quantifying and predicting radiation-induced health risks. Here we review the variety of mechanistic mathematical models of nontargeted effects that emerged over the past 2-3 decades. This review is not intended to be exhaustive, but focuses on the main assumptions and approaches shared or distinct between models, and on identifying areas for future research.
MeSH term(s)	Bystander Effect ; DNA Damage ; Radiation, Ionizing
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	225912-6
ISSN	1742-3406 ; 0144-8420
ISSN (online)	1742-3406
ISSN	0144-8420
DOI	10.1093/rpd/ncaa207
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Article ; Online: Improved Ultraviolet Radiation Film Dosimetry Using OrthoChromic OC-1 Film

Welch, David / Brenner, David J

Photochemistry and photobiology

2020 Volume 97, Issue 3, Page(s) 498–504

Abstract: There is growing interest in far-UVC lighting, defined as wavelengths from 200 to 230 nm, because research has demonstrated these wavelengths to be an effective antimicrobial technology while posing a minimal hazard to human health. Far-UVC lighting is ... ...

Abstract	There is growing interest in far-UVC lighting, defined as wavelengths from 200 to 230 nm, because research has demonstrated these wavelengths to be an effective antimicrobial technology while posing a minimal hazard to human health. Far-UVC lighting is now being installed to directly irradiate spaces where humans are present, and it will be important to perform measurements to verify far-UVC lighting installations are operating within widely accepted exposure guidelines. In this work, we explore the use of a commercially available film, known as OrthoChromic OC-1, to measure ultraviolet radiation exposure. The film was tested with a variety of ultraviolet wavelengths and irradiance conditions, and the color change of the film was analyzed for increasing levels of radiant exposure. The film response extended over a dynamic range that was greater than the recommended exposure limits for far-UVC radiation so it can potentially be useful for health hazard monitoring. The spectrum of the incident ultraviolet radiation strongly affected the response of the film; therefore, for accurate measurements we recommend the measured spectrum match the spectrum used for calibration. Overall, dosimetry with this film provides a simple, accurate, and inexpensive method of quantifying ultraviolet radiation exposure that is suitable for far-UVC measurements.
MeSH term(s)	Calibration ; Film Dosimetry ; Humans ; Lighting ; Ultraviolet Rays
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	123540-0
ISSN	1751-1097 ; 0031-8655
ISSN (online)	1751-1097
ISSN	0031-8655
DOI	10.1111/php.13364
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