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Article ; Online: Con: Venoarterial ECMO Should Not Be Considered in Patients With COVID-19.

McLean, Duncan J / Henry, Mark

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia

2020 Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 707–710

Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1067317-9
ISSN	1532-8422 ; 1053-0770
ISSN (online)	1532-8422
ISSN	1053-0770
DOI	10.1053/j.jvca.2020.11.029
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Article ; Online: Enigmatic fossil plants with three-dimensional, arborescent-growth architecture from the earliest Carboniferous of New Brunswick, Canada.

Gastaldo, Robert A / Gensel, Patricia G / Glasspool, Ian J / Hinds, Steven J / King, Olivia A / McLean, Duncan / Park, Adrian F / Stimson, Matthew R / Stonesifer, Timothy

Current biology : CB

2024 Volume 34, Issue 4, Page(s) 781–792.e3

Abstract: The evolution of arborescence in Devonian plants, followed by their architectural radiation in the Carboniferous, is a transition fundamental to Earth-system processes and ecological development. However, this evolutionary transition in trees is based on ...

Abstract	The evolution of arborescence in Devonian plants, followed by their architectural radiation in the Carboniferous, is a transition fundamental to Earth-system processes and ecological development. However, this evolutionary transition in trees is based on preserved trunks, of which only a few known specimens possess crowns. We describe Mississippian-aged (Tournaisian) trees with a unique three-dimensional crown morphology from New Brunswick, Canada. The trees were preserved by earthquake-induced, catastrophic burial of lake-margin vegetation. The tree architecture consists of an unbranched, 16-cm-diameter trunk with compound leaves arranged in spirals of ∼13 and compressed into ∼14 cm of vertical trunk length. Compound leaves in the upper ∼0.75 m of the trunk measure >1.75 m in length and preserve alternately arranged secondary laterals beginning at 0.5 m from the trunk; the area below the trunk bears only persistent leaf bases. The principal specimen lacks either apical or basal sections, although an apex is preserved in another. Apically, the leaves become less relaxed toward horizontal and are borne straight at an acute angle at the crown. The compact leaf organization and leaf length created a crown volume of >20-30 m
MeSH term(s)	Fossils ; New Brunswick ; Plants/anatomy & histology ; Trees ; Canada ; Plant Leaves
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1071731-6
ISSN	1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
ISSN (online)	1879-0445
ISSN	0960-9822
DOI	10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.011
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Article ; Online: Con: Veno-arterial ECMO Should not be Considered in Patients with COVID-19

McLean, Duncan J. / Henry, Mark

J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth

Keywords	covid19
Publisher	PMC
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1053/j.jvca.2020.11.029
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Comparing preoperative fasting and ultrasound-measured intravascular volume status in elective surgery, enhanced recovery patients versus inpatient, urgent surgery patients and the ability of IVC collapsibility to predict post-induction hypotension.

Wrobel, Jacob R / Magin, Justin C / Williams, David / An, Xinming / Acton, Jacob D / Doyal, Alexander S / Jia, Shawn / Krakowski, James C / Serrano, Ricardo / Grant, Stuart A / Flynn, David N / McLean, Duncan J

Journal of perioperative practice

2023 , Page(s) 17504589231215932

Abstract: Hypotension following induction of general anaesthesia has been shown to result in increased complications and mortality postoperatively. Patients admitted to the hospital undergoing urgent surgery are often fasted from fluids for significant periods ... ...

Abstract	Hypotension following induction of general anaesthesia has been shown to result in increased complications and mortality postoperatively. Patients admitted to the hospital undergoing urgent surgery are often fasted from fluids for significant periods compared to elective patients subject to Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols despite guidelines stating that a two-hour fast is sufficient. The aim of this prospective, observational study was to compare fasting times and intravascular volume status between elective surgery patients subject to enhanced recovery protocols and inpatient, urgent surgery patients and to assess differences in the incidence of post-induction hypotension. Fasting data was obtained by questionnaire in the preoperative area in addition to inferior vena cava collapsibility index, a non-invasive measure of intravascular volume. Blood pressure readings and drug administration for the ten minutes following induction were obtained from patients' charts. Inpatients undergoing urgent surgery were fasted significantly longer than enhanced recovery patients and had lower intravascular volume. However, no difference was found in the incidence of post-induction hypotension.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2226186-2
ISSN	2515-7949 ; 1750-4589
ISSN (online)	2515-7949
ISSN	1750-4589
DOI	10.1177/17504589231215932
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Article ; Online: Understanding Online Registry Facilitators and Barriers Experienced by Black Brain Health Registry Participants: The Community Engaged Digital Alzheimer's Research (CEDAR) Study.

Ashford, M T / Zhu, D / Bride, J / McLean, E / Aaronson, A / Conti, C / Cypress, C / Griffin, P / Ross, R / Duncan, T / Deng, X / Ulbricht, A / Fockler, J / Camacho, M R / Flenniken, D / Truran, D / Mackin, S R / Hill, C / Weiner, M W /

Byrd, D / Turner Ii, R W / Cham, H / Rivera Mindt, M / Nosheny, R L

The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease

2023 Volume 10, Issue 3, Page(s) 551–561

Abstract: Background: Failure of Alzheimer's disease and related diseases (ADRD) research studies to include and engage Black participants is a major issue, which limits the impact and generalizability of research findings. Little is known about participation of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Failure of Alzheimer's disease and related diseases (ADRD) research studies to include and engage Black participants is a major issue, which limits the impact and generalizability of research findings. Little is known about participation of Black adults in online ADRD-related research registries. Objectives: As part of the Community Engaged Digital Alzheimer's Research (CEDAR) Study, this study aims to increase our understanding of facilitators and barriers of Black adults to participating in ADRD-related online registries, as well as to understand their preferences for communication channels. Design, setting, participants, measurements: We invited all Black participants enrolled in the Brain Health Registry (BHR) to complete a cross-sectional online survey. The survey consisted of rating scales and open-text questions asking about their attitudes towards brain health research, reasons for joining and continuing to participate in BHR, difficulties with participating, and preferences for modes of contact and website usage. Results: Of all invited Black BHR participants (N=3,636), 198 (5.5%) completed the survey. The mean age was 58.4 (SD=11.3), mean years of education were 16.3 (SD=2.4), and 85.5% identified as female. Reported facilitators for joining and continuing to participate in BHR were personal interest (e.g., learning more about own brain health) and altruism (e.g., helping research). Among additional registry features which could encourage return, receiving feedback or scores about BHR tasks was rated the highest. Of those who found BHR participation difficult (21%), the most frequent reason was time burden. The most preferred way of receiving study information was via email. Participants reported that the websites that they used the most were YouTube and Facebook. Discussion: The results of our study can inform the development of culturally-responsive registry features and engagement efforts to improve inclusion and participation of Black adults in online ADRD research. Providing participants with feedback about their registry performance and reducing the number of registry tasks are among the recommended strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Alzheimer Disease ; Black People ; Brain ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Registries ; Aged ; Black or African American
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2782183-3
ISSN	2426-0266 ; 2274-5807
ISSN (online)	2426-0266
ISSN	2274-5807
DOI	10.14283/jpad.2023.25
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Article ; Online: Causal inference in perioperative medicine observational research: part 1, a graphical introduction.

Krishnamoorthy, Vijay / Wong, Danny J N / Wilson, Matt / Raghunathan, Karthik / Ohnuma, Tetsu / McLean, Duncan / Moonesinghe, S Ramani / Harris, Steve K

British journal of anaesthesia

2020 Volume 125, Issue 3, Page(s) 393–397

Abstract: Graphical models have emerged as a tool to map out the interplay between multiple measured and unmeasured variables, and can help strengthen the case for a causal association between exposures and outcomes in observational studies. In Part 1 of this ... ...

Abstract	Graphical models have emerged as a tool to map out the interplay between multiple measured and unmeasured variables, and can help strengthen the case for a causal association between exposures and outcomes in observational studies. In Part 1 of this methods series, we will introduce the reader to graphical models for causal inference in perioperative medicine, and set the framework for Part 2 of the series involving advanced methods for causal inference.
MeSH term(s)	Biomedical Research/methods ; Biomedical Research/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Models, Statistical ; Observational Studies as Topic/methods ; Observational Studies as Topic/statistics & numerical data ; Perioperative Medicine/methods ; Perioperative Medicine/statistics & numerical data
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80074-0
ISSN	1471-6771 ; 0007-0912
ISSN (online)	1471-6771
ISSN	0007-0912
DOI	10.1016/j.bja.2020.03.031
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Article: Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of Asbian–Brigantian (Mississippian) miospores from Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland, UK: Preliminary results

Ingrams, Stephen / McLean, Duncan / Booth, Matthew / Bodman, David J

Review of palaeobotany and palynology. 2020 May, v. 276

2020

Abstract: Well-preserved, late Visean miospore assemblages from the coastline south of Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland, UK, show a sequence of palynostratigraphic events stretching from the mid Asbian to the Brigantian. The assemblages belong to the Raistrickia ...

Abstract	Well-preserved, late Visean miospore assemblages from the coastline south of Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland, UK, show a sequence of palynostratigraphic events stretching from the mid Asbian to the Brigantian. The assemblages belong to the Raistrickia nigra–Triquitrites marginatus (NM) and Tripartites vetustus–Rotaspora fracta (VF) biozones. Several taxa previously only recorded from pre-Brigantian strata (including Murospora parthenopia and Verrucosisporites eximius) are recorded from Brigantian rocks. The section is composed of “Yoredale” cycles reflecting cyclical changes in sea level. These features exerted control over the distribution of miospores in the section with notable trends in the vertical distributions of miospores indicative of forest mire and colonizer vegetation. Miospores representing forest mire vegetation dominate in coarser-grained rocks deposited in more proximal environments and have similar distribution patterns to rounded-triangular miospores. Conversely, non-forest mire vegetation is better represented in more proximal depositional settings, as are rounded-triangular miospores. Some samples contain mutated examples of the miospore Tripartites vetustus Schemel 1950. Mutagenesis is probably related to some, unspecified ecological stress.
Keywords	Visean age ; biostratigraphy ; coasts ; forests ; mutagenesis ; paleobotany ; paleoecology ; rocks ; sea level ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-05
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	0034-6667
DOI	10.1016/j.revpalbo.2020.104206
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Causal inference in perioperative medicine observational research: part 2, advanced methods.

Krishnamoorthy, Vijay / McLean, Duncan / Ohnuma, Tetsu / Harris, Steve K / Wong, Danny J N / Wilson, Matt / Moonesinghe, Ramani / Raghunathan, Karthik

British journal of anaesthesia

2020 Volume 125, Issue 3, Page(s) 398–405

Abstract: Although RCTs represent the gold standard in clinical research, most clinical questions cannot be answered using this technique, because of ethical considerations, time, and cost. The goal of observational research in clinical medicine is to gain insight ...

Abstract	Although RCTs represent the gold standard in clinical research, most clinical questions cannot be answered using this technique, because of ethical considerations, time, and cost. The goal of observational research in clinical medicine is to gain insight into the relationship between a clinical exposure and patient outcome, in the absence of evidence from RCTs. Observational research offers additional benefit when compared with data from RCTs: the conclusions are often more generalisable to a heterogenous population, which may be of greater value to everyday clinical practice. In Part 2 of this methods series, we will introduce the reader to several advanced methods for supporting the case for causality between an exposure and outcome, including: mediation analysis, natural experiments, and joint effects methods.
MeSH term(s)	Biomedical Research/methods ; Humans ; Observational Studies as Topic/methods ; Perioperative Medicine/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80074-0
ISSN	1471-6771 ; 0007-0912
ISSN (online)	1471-6771
ISSN	0007-0912
DOI	10.1016/j.bja.2020.03.032
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Article ; Online: Bleeding After Musculoskeletal Surgery in Hospitals That Switched From Hydroxyethyl Starch to Albumin Following a Food and Drug Administration Warning.

Krishnamoorthy, Vijay / Ellis, Alan R / McLean, Duncan J / Stefan, Mihaela S / Nathanson, Brian H / Cobert, Julien / Lindenauer, Peter K / Brookhart, M Alan / Ohnuma, Tetsu / Raghunathan, Karthik

Anesthesia and analgesia

2020 Volume 131, Issue 4, Page(s) 1193–1200

Abstract: Background: While US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) black box warnings are common, their impact on perioperative outcomes is unclear. Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is associated with increased bleeding and kidney injury in patients with sepsis, leading ... ...

Abstract	Background: While US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) black box warnings are common, their impact on perioperative outcomes is unclear. Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is associated with increased bleeding and kidney injury in patients with sepsis, leading to an FDA black box warning in 2013. Among patients undergoing musculoskeletal surgery in a subset of hospitals where colloid use changed from HES to albumin following the FDA warning, we examined the rate of major perioperative bleeding post- versus pre-FDA warning. Methods: The authors of this article used a retrospective, quasi-experimental, repeated cross-sectional, interrupted time series study of patients undergoing musculoskeletal surgery in hospitals within the Premier Healthcare Database, in the year before and year after the 2013 FDA black box warning. We examined patients in 23 "switcher" hospitals (where the percentage of colloid recipients receiving HES exceeded 50% before the FDA warning and decreased by at least 25% in absolute terms after the FDA warning) and patients in 279 "nonswitcher" hospitals. Among patients having surgery in "switcher" and "nonswitcher" hospitals, we determined monthly rates of major perioperative bleeding during the 12 months after the FDA warning, compared to 12 months before the FDA warning. Among patients who received surgery in "switcher" hospitals, we conducted a propensity-weighted segmented regression analysis assessing differences-in-differences (DID), using patients in "nonswitcher" hospitals as a control group. Results: Among 3078 patients treated at "switcher" hospitals (1892 patients treated pre-FDA warning versus 1186 patients treated post-FDA warning), demographic and clinical characteristics were well-balanced. Two hundred fifty-one (13.3%) received albumin pre-FDA warning, and 900 (75.9%) received albumin post-FDA warning. Among patients undergoing surgery in "switcher" hospitals during the pre-FDA warning period, 282 of 1892 (14.9%) experienced major bleeding during the hospitalization, compared to 149 of 1186 (12.6%) following the warning. In segmented regression, the adjusted ratio of slopes for major perioperative bleeding post- versus pre-FDA warning was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93-1.04). In the DID estimate using "nonswitcher" hospitals as a control group, the ratio of ratios was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.46-1.86), indicating no significant difference. Conclusions: We identified a subset of hospitals where colloid use for musculoskeletal surgery changed following a 2013 FDA black box warning regarding HES use in sepsis. Among patients undergoing musculoskeletal surgery at these "switcher" hospitals, there was no significant decrease in the rate of major perioperative bleeding following the warning, possibly due to incomplete practice change. Evaluation of the impact of systemic changes in health care may contribute to the understanding of patient outcomes in perioperative medicine.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Albumins/therapeutic use ; Blood Loss, Surgical/statistics & numerical data ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Databases, Factual ; Drug Labeling ; Female ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives/therapeutic use ; Interrupted Time Series Analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Musculoskeletal System/surgery ; Plasma Substitutes/therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Albumins ; Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives ; Plasma Substitutes
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80032-6
ISSN	1526-7598 ; 0003-2999
ISSN (online)	1526-7598
ISSN	0003-2999
DOI	10.1213/ANE.0000000000004942
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Article ; Online: Short-Term Daily Intake of Polydextrose Fiber Does Not Shorten Intestinal Transit Time in Constipated Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Duncan, Peter I / Enters-Weijnen, Catherine F / Emami, Nashmil / McLean, Peter / Nunes, Tiago / Beaumont, Maurice / Crabbe, Rafael / Whelan, Kevin / Scott, S Mark / deWit, Niek J / Weits, Teunis / Bergonzelli, Gabriela / Grobbee, Diederick E

Nutrients

2018 Volume 10, Issue 7

Abstract: Chronic constipation (CC) remains a common gastrointestinal (GI) disorder that conveys a substantial healthcare burden. Expert guidelines recommend increasing fiber intake, yet the clinical evidence to support this needs strengthening for specific fibers. ...

Abstract	Chronic constipation (CC) remains a common gastrointestinal (GI) disorder that conveys a substantial healthcare burden. Expert guidelines recommend increasing fiber intake, yet the clinical evidence to support this needs strengthening for specific fibers. The aim was to evaluate changes in intestinal transit time and GI symptoms in CC patients who consumed polydextrose. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 128 adults with CC received 8 g or 12 g polydextrose, or placebo, daily for 4 weeks. Transit time, as primary outcome, was assessed by radiopaque marker distribution after 2-weeks intervention. Bowel habits, GI symptoms and quality of life (QOL) were assessed by questionnaire, including the Patient-Assessment of Constipation (PAC) Symptoms (SYM), and PAC-QOL. Following 2-weeks intervention, no reduction was seen in transit time in any group and following 2- or 4-weeks intervention, no improvements were seen in stool frequency or consistency in any group. After 2-weeks intervention with 8 g/day polydextrose an improvement was seen in the PAC-SYM rectal score (
MeSH term(s)	Abdominal Pain/etiology ; Abdominal Pain/prevention & control ; Adult ; Aged ; Constipation/physiopathology ; Constipation/therapy ; Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage ; Dietary Fiber/adverse effects ; Dietary Fiber/therapeutic use ; Dietary Supplements ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Transit ; Glucans/administration & dosage ; Glucans/adverse effects ; Glucans/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Intention to Treat Analysis ; Intestines/physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Dropouts ; Quality of Life ; Self Report ; Severity of Illness Index ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Dietary Fiber ; Glucans ; polydextrose (VH2XOU12IE)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu10070920
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