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  1. Article ; Online: Structural basis of peptidoglycan synthesis by E. coli RodA-PBP2 complex.

    Nygaard, Rie / Graham, Chris L B / Belcher Dufrisne, Meagan / Colburn, Jonathan D / Pepe, Joseph / Hydorn, Molly A / Corradi, Silvia / Brown, Chelsea M / Ashraf, Khuram U / Vickery, Owen N / Briggs, Nicholas S / Deering, John J / Kloss, Brian / Botta, Bruno / Clarke, Oliver B / Columbus, Linda / Dworkin, Jonathan / Stansfeld, Phillip J / Roper, David I /
    Mancia, Filippo

    Nature communications

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 5151

    Abstract: ... the structure of a cell elongation-specific E. coli RodA-PBP2 complex. We combine this information ...

    Abstract Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall that is synthetized during cell division and elongation. PG forms an extracellular polymer crucial for cellular viability, the synthesis of which is the target of many antibiotics. PG assembly requires a glycosyltransferase (GT) to generate a glycan polymer using a Lipid II substrate, which is then crosslinked to the existing PG via a transpeptidase (TP) reaction. A Shape, Elongation, Division and Sporulation (SEDS) GT enzyme and a Class B Penicillin Binding Protein (PBP) form the core of the multi-protein complex required for PG assembly. Here we used single particle cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structure of a cell elongation-specific E. coli RodA-PBP2 complex. We combine this information with biochemical, genetic, spectroscopic, and computational analyses to identify the Lipid II binding sites and propose a mechanism for Lipid II polymerization. Our data suggest a hypothesis for the movement of the glycan strand from the Lipid II polymerization site of RodA towards the TP site of PBP2, functionally linking these two central enzymatic activities required for cell wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis.
    MeSH term(s) Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Peptidoglycan ; Molecular Biology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Glycosyltransferases ; Peptidyl Transferases
    Chemical Substances Peptidoglycan ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4.-) ; Peptidyl Transferases (EC 2.3.2.12)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-40483-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Vaping and E-Cigarettes Within the Evolving Tobacco Quitline Landscape.

    Vickerman, Katrina A / Carpenter, Kelly M / Raskob, Margaret K / Nash, Chelsea M / Vargas-Belcher, Robert A / Beebe, Laura A

    American journal of preventive medicine

    2021  Volume 60, Issue 3 Suppl 2, Page(s) S142–S153

    Abstract: This article summarizes the vaping research literature as it pertains to tobacco quitlines and describes vaping assessment, treatment, and evaluation quitline practices. It also presents 2014-2018 registration data (vaping in the past 30 days, number of ... ...

    Abstract This article summarizes the vaping research literature as it pertains to tobacco quitlines and describes vaping assessment, treatment, and evaluation quitline practices. It also presents 2014-2018 registration data (vaping in the past 30 days, number of use days, use for quitting smoking, and intentions to quit vaping) from 24 public quitlines (23 states and District of Columbia) and 110,295 enrollees to employer-sponsored quitlines. Trends in vaping rates over time, by state, and by age group are described. Approximately 57,000 adult public quitline enrollees in the U.S. reported vaping at registration in 2018 (14.7% of enrollees). Most quitline participants who vape also smoke cigarettes and contact the quitline for smoking cessation support. Rates of reporting vaping and no combustible or smokeless tobacco use in the past 30 days are 0.5% of all public quitline participants (<3% of public quitline vaping product users). Data are not systematically available regarding the number of quitline participants who are seeking help quitting vaping and only vape (do not use combustible or smokeless tobacco). Few quitline participants (<1%) are youth aged <18 years, but more than a third (35%) report vaping. This paper outlines research and evaluation priorities to inform the future quitline treatment landscape with respect to vaping. The quitline community is positioned to increase the likelihood that vaping has a positive impact for adults who smoke through harm reduction or supporting cessation and has opportunities to expand impacts on youth and young adult vaping prevention and cessation.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Aged ; District of Columbia ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Nicotiana ; Tobacco Products ; Vaping ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-01
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632646-8
    ISSN 1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
    ISSN (online) 1873-2607
    ISSN 0749-3797
    DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.07.013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: SU-E-J-157: Simulation and Design of a Real-Time 6D Head Motion Compensation Platform Based on a Stewart Platform Approach.

    Belcher, A H / Wiersma, R D

    Medical physics

    2012  Volume 39, Issue 6Part8, Page(s) 3688–3689

    Abstract: Purpose: Real-time sub-millimeter head motion compensation during frameless SRS delivery has the potential to achieve the accuracy of frame-based SRS while being significantly less invasive. Previously, we demonstrated real-time 6D head motion ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Real-time sub-millimeter head motion compensation during frameless SRS delivery has the potential to achieve the accuracy of frame-based SRS while being significantly less invasive. Previously, we demonstrated real-time 6D head motion monitoring using an optical camera, however, at the time we were limited to only 3D (x-y-z) of head motion correction due to mechanical restrictions of the head platform. In this work we investigate the feasibility of using a compact 6D robotic Stewart platform (hexapod) placed under the patient's head to perform both translational and rotational motion compensation in real-time. Benefits of a hexapod approach over a conventional serial kinematics stage include less flex, compactness, high force to weight ratio, and fast response times.
    Methods: A hexapod is a parallel robotics device consisting of two platforms connected by six linear actuators oriented at particular angles. To provide accurate motion in 6D, the desired position of the top platform (head) was ascertained using inverse kinematics. MATLAB was used to simulate the six actuator positions for performing motion along x-y-z-phi -theta-psi. Prior recorded 6D human volunteer head motion data was used as an input for simulation of motion compensation. Six Firgelli L12-P linearservo actuators, together with a PCI-7344 motion controller and Labview software, were used for initial construction of a hexapod prototype.
    Results: The necessary actuator lengths over time were computed for this data, simulating the required 6D movement of the hexapod for motion correction. Simulations on previously collected volunteer data indicate a hexapod system is capable of responding to subject head motion with corrections of precise movements, and solutions to the linear system can be computed at near real-time speeds.
    Conclusions: Based on simulated results, it was successfully demonstrated that a hexapod device can compensate for small patient head motions along all six degrees of freedom.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 188780-4
    ISSN 2473-4209 ; 0094-2405
    ISSN (online) 2473-4209
    ISSN 0094-2405
    DOI 10.1118/1.4734995
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Intelligent Guided E-Learning Systems for Early Learners with Autism Spectrum Disorder

    Alma Barranco-Mendoza / E. Christina Belcher / Kenneth A. Pudlas / Deryck R. Persaud

    Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, Vol 6, Iss 4, Pp 19-

    2008  Volume 23

    Abstract: ... curricular model be designed that integrates the advantages of e-learning for data management and ... lead to the proposal of an alternate model using an Intelligent Guided E-Learning System, which can be ...

    Abstract There is a burgeoning need to consider new ways of providing early educational services for young and often newly diagnosed children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and their families. Such children do not respond naturally to linear curricular delivery, normally utilized in inclusive classrooms that predominate public education, but rather need an educational model incorporating intra and interpersonal development skills. In addition, there is an urgent need for the ability of keeping track of and addressing uneven progress in specific areas; characteristic of learners with ASD. It is suggested that a new curricular model be designed that integrates the advantages of e-learning for data management and communication exchange with the inclusion classroom learning. A multi-disciplinary approach to the problem has lead to the proposal of an alternate model using an Intelligent Guided E-Learning System, which can be of benefit to such learners, their parents, and their teachers. This system utilizes a Knowledge Representation model that incorporates the complex multidisciplinary data related with ASD, along with curricular information as well as other Artificial Intelligence techniques that guide the curriculum in a simple and directed, yet evolving, manner such that the complexity increases as the learner with ASD's understanding progresses.
    Keywords Intelligent Systems ; Guided Curriculum ; Multidisciplinary Knowledge Representation ; Inclusive Classrooms ; Intelligent Guided E-Learning Systems ; Autism ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95 ; Instruments and machines ; QA71-90 ; Mathematics ; QA1-939 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Computer Science ; DOAJ:Technology and Engineering
    Subject code 004
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher International Institute of Informatics and Cybernetics
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: The pentatricopeptide repeat-SMR protein ATP4 promotes translation of the chloroplast atpB/E mRNA.

    Zoschke, Reimo / Kroeger, Tiffany / Belcher, Susan / Schöttler, Mark Aurel / Barkan, Alice / Schmitz-Linneweber, Christian

    The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology

    2012  Volume 72, Issue 4, Page(s) 547–558

    Abstract: ... 5' UTR of the atpB/E mRNA, that it facilitates ribosome association with this mRNA, and that it is ...

    Abstract The regulation of chloroplast translation by nuclear gene products makes a major contribution to the control of chloroplast gene expression, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We describe a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein in maize, ATP4, that is necessary for translation of the chloroplast atpB open reading frame. We demonstrate that ATP4 associates in vivo with sequences near the 5' end of the unusually long 5' UTR of the atpB/E mRNA, that it facilitates ribosome association with this mRNA, and that it is required for accumulation and activity of the chloroplast ATP synthase. ATP4 is multifunctional, in that it also enhances atpA translation and is required for accumulation of specific processed atpF and psaJ transcripts. ATP4 belongs to a sub-class of PPR proteins that include a small MutS-related (SMR) domain. SMR domains had previously been associated primarily with DNA-related functions, but our findings imply that at least some PPR-SMR proteins can act on RNA. ATP4 is orthologous to the Arabidopsis protein SVR7, but the phenotypes of atp4 and svr7 mutants suggest that the functions of these orthologs have not been strictly conserved.
    MeSH term(s) 5' Untranslated Regions ; Alleles ; Chloroplast Proton-Translocating ATPases/genetics ; Chloroplast Proton-Translocating ATPases/metabolism ; Chloroplasts/enzymology ; Chloroplasts/genetics ; Chloroplasts/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Immunoprecipitation ; Open Reading Frames ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Proteins/genetics ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Chloroplast/genetics ; RNA, Chloroplast/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; RNA, Plant/genetics ; RNA, Plant/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid ; Ribosomes/genetics ; Ribosomes/metabolism ; Zea mays/enzymology ; Zea mays/genetics ; Zea mays/metabolism
    Chemical Substances 5' Untranslated Regions ; Plant Proteins ; RNA, Chloroplast ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Plant ; Chloroplast Proton-Translocating ATPases (EC 3.6.3.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1088037-9
    ISSN 1365-313X ; 0960-7412
    ISSN (online) 1365-313X
    ISSN 0960-7412
    DOI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.05081.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Book ; Online: UA94/6/1 Clinic Covid-19 Reflections - Belcher

    Belcher, E.

    Student/Alumni Personal Papers

    2020  

    Abstract: Reflections of Covid-19 pandemic by WKU Communication Sciences & Disorders graduate student E ... Belcher. ...

    Abstract Reflections of Covid-19 pandemic by WKU Communication Sciences & Disorders graduate student E. Belcher.
    Keywords Western Kentucky University ; Coronavirus ; Covid-19 ; Pandemics ; Communication Sciences and Disorders ; Epidemiology ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Public Health ; Virus Diseases ; covid19
    Publishing date 2020-06-11T07:00:00Z
    Publisher TopSCHOLAR®
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: A PLAN for Race-Conscious Medicine in Pediatrics.

    Cerdeña, Jessica / Plaisime, Marie V / Belcher, Harolyn M E / Wright, Joseph L

    Pediatrics

    2024  Volume 153, Issue 3

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Pediatrics/organization & administration ; Racial Groups
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 207677-9
    ISSN 1098-4275 ; 0031-4005
    ISSN (online) 1098-4275
    ISSN 0031-4005
    DOI 10.1542/peds.2023-061893
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: E-cadherin accumulation within the lymphovascular embolus of inflammatory breast cancer is due to altered trafficking.

    Ye, Yin / Tellez, Joseph D / Durazo, Maria / Belcher, Meagan / Yearsley, Kurtis / Barsky, Sanford H

    Anticancer research

    2010  Volume 30, Issue 10, Page(s) 3903–3910

    Abstract: E-Cadherin functions as a tumor suppressor in some invasive breast carcinomas and metastasis is ... human breast cancers, inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), E-cadherin is overexpressed and this accounts ... that the mechanism of E-cadherin overexpression is not transcriptional but related to altered protein trafficking ...

    Abstract E-Cadherin functions as a tumor suppressor in some invasive breast carcinomas and metastasis is promoted when its expression is lost. It has been observed, however, that in one of the most aggressive human breast cancers, inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), E-cadherin is overexpressed and this accounts for the formation of the lymphovascular embolus, a structure efficient at metastasis and resistant to chemotherapy through unknown cytoprotective mechanisms. Studies using a human xenograft model of IBC, MARY-X, indicate that the mechanism of E-cadherin overexpression is not transcriptional but related to altered protein trafficking. By real-time RT-PCR, E-cadherin transcript levels in MARY-X were 3- to 11-fold less than in other E-cadherin positive human breast carcinoma lines but the protein levels were 5- to 10-fold greater. In addition, several smaller E-cadherin protein fragments, e.g. 95 kDa, were present. To explain these observations, it was hypothesized that there may be altered protein trafficking. A real-time RT-PCR screen of candidate molecules generally known to regulate protein trafficking was conducted. The screen revealed 3.5- to 7-fold increased ExoC5 level and 10 to 20 fold decreased HRS and RAB7 levels, which was confirmed in human microdissected lymphovascular emboli. Since these alterations may only be correlative with E-cadherin overexpression, one of the molecules, Rab7, was selectively knocked down in MCF-7 cells. An increase in the full length 120 kDa E-cadherin and the de novo appearance of the 95 KD band were observed. These findings suggest that it is the altered E-cadherin trafficking that contributes to its oncogenic rather than suppressive role in IBC.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cadherins/biosynthesis ; Cadherins/genetics ; Cadherins/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms/metabolism ; Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Lymphatic Vessels/metabolism ; Lymphatic Vessels/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, SCID ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology ; Protein Transport ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism ; Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
    Chemical Substances Cadherins ; RNA, Messenger
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-10
    Publishing country Greece
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 604549-2
    ISSN 1791-7530 ; 0250-7005
    ISSN (online) 1791-7530
    ISSN 0250-7005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Genes for cooperation are not more likely to be carried by plasmids.

    Dewar, Anna E / Belcher, Laurence J / Scott, Thomas W / West, Stuart A

    Proceedings. Biological sciences

    2024  Volume 291, Issue 2017, Page(s) 20232549

    Abstract: Cooperation is prevalent across bacteria, but risks being exploited by non-cooperative cheats. Horizontal gene transfer, particularly via plasmids, has been suggested as a mechanism to stabilize cooperation. A key prediction of this hypothesis is that ... ...

    Abstract Cooperation is prevalent across bacteria, but risks being exploited by non-cooperative cheats. Horizontal gene transfer, particularly via plasmids, has been suggested as a mechanism to stabilize cooperation. A key prediction of this hypothesis is that genes which are more likely to be transferred, such as those on plasmids, should be more likely to code for cooperative traits. Testing this prediction requires identifying all genes for cooperation in bacterial genomes. However, previous studies used a method which likely misses some of these genes for cooperation. To solve this, we used a new genomics tool, SOCfinder, which uses three distinct modules to identify all kinds of genes for cooperation. We compared where these genes were located across 4648 genomes from 146 bacterial species. In contrast to the prediction of the hypothesis, we found no evidence that plasmid genes are more likely to code for cooperative traits. Instead, we found the opposite-that genes for cooperation were more likely to be carried on chromosomes. Overall, the vast majority of genes for cooperation are not located on plasmids, suggesting that the more general mechanism of kin selection is sufficient to explain the prevalence of cooperation across bacteria.
    MeSH term(s) Plasmids/genetics ; Genome, Bacterial ; Bacteria/genetics ; Genomics ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209242-6
    ISSN 1471-2954 ; 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    ISSN (online) 1471-2954
    ISSN 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    DOI 10.1098/rspb.2023.2549
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: What is the diameter of a fibrin fiber?

    Belcher, Heather A / Guthold, Martin / Hudson, Nathan E

    Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis

    2023  Volume 7, Issue 5, Page(s) 100285

    Abstract: Background: Altered fibrin fiber structure is linked to pathologic states, including coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and atherosclerosis. However, several different techniques are commonly utilized for studying fibrin structures, and comparison ...

    Abstract Background: Altered fibrin fiber structure is linked to pathologic states, including coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and atherosclerosis. However, several different techniques are commonly utilized for studying fibrin structures, and comparison of results obtained using different techniques can be challenging due to lack of standardization.
    Objectives: This study provides a path toward standardization by comparing fibrin fiber diameters for a range of physiologic fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations using multiple different complementary experimental methods.
    Methods: We determined fiber diameter using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), superresolution (stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy) fluorescence microscopy, and 4 commonly utilized turbidimetric approaches to determine the congruence between the results and the conditions under which each should be used.
    Results: We found that diameter values obtained using SEM and superresolution imaging agree within 10% for nearly all conditions tested. We also found that when a wavelength range of 500 to 800 nm was used for measurements and accounting for the wavelength dependence of the refractive index and specific refractive index increment, diameters obtained using the corrected Yeromonahos turbidimetric approach agree with SEM within 20% for most conditions.
    Conclusion: We performed a systematic, multitechnique survey assessing fibrin fiber diameters under a range of biochemical conditions. The similarity in the diameter values obtained using SEM and superresolution imaging suggests that drying and fixation during SEM sample preparation do not dramatically alter fiber cross-sections. Congruence, under certain conditions, between diameter values obtained using SEM, superresolution fluorescence imaging, and turbidimetry demonstrates the feasibility of a fibrin diameter standardization project.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2475-0379
    ISSN (online) 2475-0379
    DOI 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100285
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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