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Article ; Online: Effects of Intermittent Energy Restriction Compared with Those of Continuous Energy Restriction on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials in Adults.

Schroor, Maite M / Joris, Peter J / Plat, Jogchum / Mensink, Ronald P

2023 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 100130

Abstract: ... were identified that studied TRE (k = 7), ADF (k = 10), or the 5:2 diet (k = 11) for 2-52 wk ...

Abstract	The interest in intermittent energy restriction (IER) diets as a weight-loss approach is increasing. Different IER protocols exist, including time-restricted eating (TRE), alternate-day fasting (ADF), and the 5:2 diet. This meta-analysis compared the effects of these IER diets with continuous energy restriction (CER) on anthropometrics and cardiometabolic risk markers in healthy adults. Twenty-eight trials were identified that studied TRE (k = 7), ADF (k = 10), or the 5:2 diet (k = 11) for 2-52 wk. Energy intakes between intervention groups within a study were comparable (17 trials), lower in IER (5 trials), or not reported (6 trials). Weighted mean differences (WMDs) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models. Changes in body weight [WMD: -0.42 kg; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.96 to 0.13; P = 0.132] and fat mass (FM) (WMD: -0.31 kg; 95% CI: -0.98 to 0.36; P = 0.362) were comparable when results of the 3 IER diets were combined and compared with those of CER. All IER diets combined reduced fat-free mass (WMD: -0.20 kg; 95% CI: -0.39 to -0.01; P = 0.044) and waist circumference (WMD: -0.91 cm; 95% CI: -1.76 to -0.06; P = 0.036) more than CER. Effects on body mass index [BMI (kg/m
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Body Composition ; Body Weight ; Caloric Restriction/methods ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Diet, Reducing/methods ; Insulin Resistance ; Obesity ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2583634-1
ISSN	2156-5376 ; 2156-5376
ISSN (online)	2156-5376
ISSN	2156-5376
DOI	10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.003
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Article ; Online: The Challenge of Incomplete Data in Accelerometer Studies: Characteristics of Nonparticipation and Noncompliance in a Nationwide Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults in Germany.

Manz, Kristin / Burchartz, Alexander / Niessner, Claudia / Kolb, Simon / Schienkiewitz, Anja / Mensink, Gert B M

Journal of physical activity & health

2023 Volume 20, Issue 3, Page(s) 226–238

Abstract: Background: Incomplete data due to nonparticipation and noncompliance with the study protocol can bias the results of studies. We investigated how a nationwide accelerometer sample of adolescents and young adults is affected by such incomplete data.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Incomplete data due to nonparticipation and noncompliance with the study protocol can bias the results of studies. We investigated how a nationwide accelerometer sample of adolescents and young adults is affected by such incomplete data. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 6465 participants (11-31 y old) who participated in a national health survey in Germany (KiGGS Wave 2; 2014-2017). The data included information about the participation in the measurement of physical activity using accelerometers, compliance with the wear-time protocol, and sociodemographic and health-related variables. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to detect factors associated with incomplete data. Results: Of the total sample, 78.0% participated in the accelerometer part of the study, and 83.5% of the participants with data available complied with the wear-time protocol. In 11- to 17-year-olds, the likelihood of having incomplete accelerometer data was higher in boys, older adolescents, adolescents with a lower sociodemographic status, adolescents with overweight, adolescents not participating in organized sport, adolescents not speaking only German at home, current smokers, and adolescents having a higher soft drink consumption. In 18- to 31-year-olds, the likelihood of having incomplete accelerometer data was higher in men, adults with a lower educational level, adults not speaking only German at home, and adults who smoke. Conclusions: Our results suggest that accelerometer samples are biased such that participants with more beneficial health behaviors provide complete accelerometer data more often. This knowledge should be used to design effective recruitment strategies and should be considered when interpreting results of accelerometer studies.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Exercise ; Health Surveys ; Overweight ; Accelerometry ; Germany
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1543-5474
ISSN (online)	1543-5474
DOI	10.1123/jpah.2022-0443
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Article ; Online: Perspectives of individuals on reducing meat consumption to mitigate climate change: protocol for a scoping review.

Moosburger, Ramona / Wagner, Julia / Heldt, Katharina / Richter, Almut / Manz, Kristin / Mensink, Gert B M / Loss, Julika

BMJ open

2023 Volume 13, Issue 4, Page(s) e071122

Abstract: Introduction: High consumption of red and processed meat increases the risk of several chronic diseases. Many people, especially in high-income countries, eat more meat than recommended by nutritional and health agencies. Meat production also has ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: High consumption of red and processed meat increases the risk of several chronic diseases. Many people, especially in high-income countries, eat more meat than recommended by nutritional and health agencies. Meat production also has negative impacts on the environment and contributes to climate change. Therefore, climate protection, besides health or animal welfare, could motivate individuals to eat less meat. Willingness to reduce meat consumption and motives to do so are not yet fully understood. Methods and analysis: Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) extended guidelines, a scoping review of peer-reviewed original studies will be conducted to address three questions: What is the evidence regarding (1) the willingness of individuals to reduce meat consumption to mitigate climate change, (2) the awareness of individuals about the link between their meat consumption and the potential to mitigate climate change and (3) individuals having reduced meat consumption for the reason of climate protection? We will search the databases Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Greenfile (via Ebsco) and PsynDex/CurrentContent/Agris (via Livivo) using a systematic search string. Studies from 2015 onwards, published in English, German, Danish or Dutch, will be included. We will include observational studies, qualitative studies, intervention studies (if they include surveys) and reviews. Data will be summarised in a narrative synthesis, comprising methods, population characteristics, meat type under study, indicators measured and limitations. Key findings will be grouped according to the research questions. This scoping review will help clarify the role of climate protection in individual reduction of meat consumption and identify research gaps in this field. Ethics and dissemination: Formal ethical approval is not required, as primary data will not be collected in this study. Findings of this scoping review will be presented at scientific conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MWB85.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Climate Change ; Qualitative Research ; Multiple Chronic Conditions ; Meat ; Research Design ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; Review Literature as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071122
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Article ; Online: The impact of prolonged fasting on 24h energy metabolism and its 24h rhythmicity in healthy, lean males: A randomized cross-over trial.

Andriessen, Charlotte / Doligkeit, Daniel / Moonen-Kornips, Esther / Mensink, Marco / Hesselink, Matthijs K C / Hoeks, Joris / Schrauwen, Patrick

Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)

2023 Volume 42, Issue 12, Page(s) 2353–2362

Abstract: Objective: Human energy expenditure and substrate oxidation are under circadian control and food intake is a time cue for the human biological clock, leading to 24h feeding-fasting cycles in energy and substrate metabolism. In recent years, ( ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Human energy expenditure and substrate oxidation are under circadian control and food intake is a time cue for the human biological clock, leading to 24h feeding-fasting cycles in energy and substrate metabolism. In recent years, (intermittent) fasting protocols have also become popular to improve metabolic health. Here, we aimed to investigate the impact of food intake on the 24h patterns of energy metabolism as well as to provide data on the timeline of changes in energy metabolism that occur upon an extended period of fasting. Research design and methods: In a randomized, cross-over design, twelve healthy males underwent a 60h fast which was compared to a 60h fed condition. In the fed condition meals were provided at energy balance throughout the study. Conditions were separated by a two week period of habitual diet. Volunteers resided in a respiration chamber for the entire 60h to measure energy expenditure and substrate oxidation hour by hour. Volunteers performed a standardized activity protocol while in the chamber. Blood samples were drawn after 12, 36 and 60h. Results: Immediately following the breakfast meal (in the fed condition), fat oxidation became higher in the fasted condition compared to the fed condition and remained elevated throughout the study period. The initial rapid increase in fat oxidation corresponded with a decline in the hepatokine activin A (r = -0.86, p = 0.001). The contribution of fat oxidation to total energy expenditure gradually increased with extended abstinence from food, peaking after 51h of fasting at 160 mg/min. Carbohydrate oxidation stabilized at a low level during the second day of fasting and averaged around 60 mg/min with only modest elevations in response to physical activity. Although 24h energy expenditure was significantly lower with prolonged fasting (11.0 ± 0.4 vs 9.8 ± 0.2 and 10.9 ± 0.3 vs 10.3 ± 0.3 MJ in fed vs fasting, day 2 and 3 respectively, p < 0.01), the 24h fluctuations in energy expenditure were comparable between the fasted and fed condition. The fluctuations in substrate oxidation were, however, significantly (p < 0.001 for both carbohydrate and fat oxidation) altered in the fasted state, favouring fat oxidation. Conclusions: Energy expenditure displays a day-night rhythm, which is independent of food intake. In contrast, the day-night rhythm of both carbohydrate and fat oxidation is mainly driven by food intake. Upon extended fasting, the absolute rate of fat oxidation rapidly increases and keeps increasing during a 60h fast, whereas carbohydrate oxidation becomes progressively diminished. Trial registration: www.trialregister.nl NTR 2042.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Cross-Over Studies ; Fasting ; Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Periodicity ; Carbohydrates
Chemical Substances	Carbohydrates
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604812-2
ISSN	1532-1983 ; 0261-5614
ISSN (online)	1532-1983
ISSN	0261-5614
DOI	10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.010
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Article ; Online: Plasma oxyphytosterols most likely originate from hepatic oxidation and subsequent spill-over in the circulation.

Baumgartner, S / Lütjohann, D / Husche, C / Kerksiek, A / Groen, A K / Mensink, R P / Plat, J

The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology

2021 Volume 216, Page(s) 106039

Abstract: We evaluated oxyphytosterol (OPS) concentrations in plasma and various tissues of two genetically modified mouse models with either increased cholesterol (apoE KO mice) or increased cholesterol and plant sterol (PS) concentrations (apoExABCG8 dKO mice). ... ...

Abstract	We evaluated oxyphytosterol (OPS) concentrations in plasma and various tissues of two genetically modified mouse models with either increased cholesterol (apoE KO mice) or increased cholesterol and plant sterol (PS) concentrations (apoExABCG8 dKO mice). Sixteen female apoE KO and 16 dKO mice followed the same standard, low OPS-chow diet. Animals were euthanized at 36 weeks to measure PS and OPS concentrations in plasma, brain, liver and aortic tissue. Cholesterol and oxysterol (OS) concentrations were analyzed as reference for sterol oxidation in general. Plasma campesterol (24.1 ± 4.3 vs. 11.8 ± 3.0 mg/dL) and sitosterol (67.4 ± 12.7 vs. 4.9 ± 1.1 mg/dL) concentrations were severely elevated in the dKO compared to the apoE KO mice (p < 0.001). Also, in aortic and brain tissue, PS levels were significantly elevated in dKO. However, plasma, aortic and brain OPS concentrations were comparable or even lower in the dKO mice. In contrast, in liver tissue, both PS and OPS concentrations were severely elevated in the dKO compared to apoE KO mice (sum OPS: 7.4 ± 1.6 vs. 4.1 ± 0.8 ng/mg, p < 0.001). OS concentrations followed cholesterol concentrations in plasma and all tissues suggesting ubiquitous oxidation. Despite severely elevated PS concentrations, OPS concentrations were only elevated in liver tissue, suggesting that OPS are primarily formed in the liver and plasma concentrations originate from hepatic spill-over into the circulation.
MeSH term(s)	ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/genetics ; Animals ; Apolipoproteins E/genetics ; Cholesterol/analogs & derivatives ; Cholesterol/blood ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Female ; Lipid Metabolism/genetics ; Lipoproteins/genetics ; Liver/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxysterols/blood ; Oxysterols/metabolism ; Phytosterols/blood ; Phytosterols/metabolism ; Sitosterols/blood ; Sitosterols/metabolism
Chemical Substances	ABCG8 protein, mouse ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8 ; Apolipoproteins E ; Lipoproteins ; Oxysterols ; Phytosterols ; Sitosterols ; campesterol (5L5O665639) ; gamma-sitosterol (5LI01C78DD) ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1049188-0
ISSN	1879-1220 ; 0960-0760
ISSN (online)	1879-1220
ISSN	0960-0760
DOI	10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.106039
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Article ; Conference proceedings: Wie steht es um die Bereitschaft, den eigenen Fleischkonsum zum Schutz des Klimas zu reduzieren? Ein Scoping Review

Moosburger, Ramona / Richter, Almut / Mensink, Gert Bm / Manz, Kristin / Wagner, Julia / Heldt, Katharina / Loss, Julika

Das Gesundheitswesen

2023 Volume 85, Issue 08/09

Event/congress	Gemeinsame Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sozialmedizin und Prävention e.V. (DGSMP)*, des Deutschen Netzwerks Gesundheitskompetenz e. V. (DNGK) und des Nationalen Aktionsplans Gesundheitskompetenz (NAP), Hannover, 2023-08-30
Language	German
Publishing date	2023-08-01
Publisher	Georg Thieme Verlag
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article ; Conference proceedings
ZDB-ID	1101426-x
ISSN	1439-4421 ; 0941-3790 ; 0949-7013
ISSN (online)	1439-4421
ISSN	0941-3790 ; 0949-7013
DOI	10.1055/s-0043-1770672
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article ; Online: Radiological Screening Methods in Deceased Organ Donation: An Overview of Guidelines Worldwide.

Chotkan, K A / Mensink, J W / Pol, R A / Van Der Kaaij, N P / Beenen, L F M / Nijboer, W N / Schaefer, B / Alwayn, I P J / Braat, A E

Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation

2022 Volume 35, Page(s) 10289

Abstract: Organ transplantation is performed worldwide, but policies regarding donor imaging are not uniform. An overview of the policies in different regions is missing. This study aims to investigate the various protocols worldwide on imaging in deceased organ ... ...

Abstract	Organ transplantation is performed worldwide, but policies regarding donor imaging are not uniform. An overview of the policies in different regions is missing. This study aims to investigate the various protocols worldwide on imaging in deceased organ donation. An online survey was created to determine the current policies. Competent authorities were approached to fill out the survey based on their current protocols. In total 32 of the 48 countries approached filled out the questionnaire (response rate 67%). In 16% of the countries no abdominal imaging is required prior to procurement. In 50%, abdominal ultrasound (US) is performed to screen the abdomen and in 19% an enhanced abdominal Computed Tomography (CT). In 15% of the countries both an unenhanced abdominal CT scan and abdominal US are performed. In 38% of the countries a chest radiographic (CXR) is performed to screen the thorax, in 28% only a chest CT, and in 34% both are performed. Policies regarding radiologic screening in deceased organ donors show a great variation between different countries. Consensus on which imaging method should be applied is missing. A uniform approach will contribute to quality and safety, justifying (inter)national exchange of organs.
MeSH term(s)	Abdomen/diagnostic imaging ; Consensus ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Tissue Donors ; Tissue and Organ Procurement ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	639435-8
ISSN	1432-2277 ; 0934-0874
ISSN (online)	1432-2277
ISSN	0934-0874
DOI	10.3389/ti.2022.10289
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Article ; Online: Aerobic exercise training improves not only brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation but also carotid artery reactivity: A randomized controlled, cross-over trial in older men.

Kleinloog, Jordi P D / Mensink, Ronald P / Roodt, Jos Op't / Thijssen, Dick H J / Hesselink, Matthijs K C / Joris, Peter J

Physiological reports

2022 Volume 10, Issue 16, Page(s) e15395

Abstract: It is well-known that aerobic exercise training beneficially affects endothelial function as measured by brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). This trial with older sedentary overweight and obese men, therefore, examined the effects of ... ...

Abstract	It is well-known that aerobic exercise training beneficially affects endothelial function as measured by brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). This trial with older sedentary overweight and obese men, therefore, examined the effects of aerobic training on other non-invasive markers of the vasculature, which have been studied in less detail. Seventeen men (67 ± 2 years, BMI: 30.3 ± 2.8 kg/m
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Brachial Artery ; Carotid Arteries ; Cross-Over Studies ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Exercise ; Glucose ; Humans ; Lipids ; Male ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Vascular Stiffness ; Vasodilation
Chemical Substances	Lipids ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2724325-4
ISSN	2051-817X ; 2051-817X
ISSN (online)	2051-817X
ISSN	2051-817X
DOI	10.14814/phy2.15395
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Article ; Online: Effects of supplementation with the fat-soluble vitamins E and D on fasting flow-mediated vasodilation in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Joris, Peter J / Mensink, Ronald P

Nutrients

2015 Volume 7, Issue 3, Page(s) 1728–1743

Abstract: ... studies with carotenoid or vitamin K supplements were found. Vitamin E supplementation increased FMD vs ...

Abstract	The effects of fat-soluble vitamin supplementation on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are not clear. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to quantify effects of fat-soluble vitamin supplements on fasting flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, a validated marker to assess CVD risk. Randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) were identified by a systematic search till July 2014. Seven RCTs studying the effects of vitamin E supplements (range: 300 to 1800 IU per day) and nine RCTs examining the effects of vitamin D supplements, that involved, respectively, 303 and 658 adults, were included. No studies with carotenoid or vitamin K supplements were found. Vitamin E supplementation increased FMD vs. control by 2.42% (95% CI: 0.46% to 4.37%; p = 0.015). No effects of vitamin D supplementation were found (0.15%; 95% CI: -0.21% to 0.51%; p = 0.41). These effects did not depend on subject characteristics, treatment characteristics or technical aspects of the FMD measurement. However, no dose-response relationship was evident for vitamin E, statistical significance depended on one study, while the levels of supplement were far above recommended intakes. The current meta-analysis, therefore, does not provide unambiguous evidence to support the use of fat-soluble vitamin supplements to improve fasting FMD in adults.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Dietary Supplements ; Fasting ; Humans ; Vasodilation/drug effects ; Vitamin D/pharmacology ; Vitamin E/pharmacology ; Vitamins/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Vitamins ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Vitamin E (1406-18-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-03-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu7031728
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Article ; Online: Healthy behaviours and mental health: findings from the German Health Update (GEDA).

Buttery, Amanda K / Mensink, Gert B M / Busch, Markus A

European journal of public health

2015 Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) 219–225

Abstract: Background: Health risk behaviours such as smoking, physical inactivity and poor diet are independently associated with depression. However, there is a paucity of data examining associations between combined healthy behaviours and mental distress and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Health risk behaviours such as smoking, physical inactivity and poor diet are independently associated with depression. However, there is a paucity of data examining associations between combined healthy behaviours and mental distress and depression. Methods: Using cross-sectional data from a nationwide population-based sample of adults in Germany [German Health Update (GEDA) 2009 and 2010 telephone surveys; n = 21 940 women, n = 17 061 men], we examined associations between five healthy behaviours and frequent mental distress (FMD) and self-reported diagnosed depression in the past 12 months. Healthy behaviours included non-smoking, low-risk alcohol drinking, regular sport, maintaining normal weight and healthy fruit and vegetable consumption. Multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders examined associations between the combined number of healthy behaviours and FMD and self-reported diagnosed depression. Results: FMD was reported by 13.6 and 8.0% and diagnosed depression in the last 12 months by 8.3 and 4.7% of women and men, respectively. At least four of five assessed healthy behaviours were reported by 29.1% of women and 17.8% of men. Compared with those with less than two healthy behaviours, women and men with at least four behaviours were about half as likely to report FMD [odds ratio (OR) 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44-0.64, and OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.41-0.66, respectively) and women with at least four behaviours were less likely to report diagnosed depression (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.61-0.95). Conclusion: A higher number of healthy behaviours are associated with a lower prevalence of FMD for both women and men and of self-reported diagnosed depression in women.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Germany/epidemiology ; Health Behavior ; Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1129243-x
ISSN	1464-360X ; 1101-1262
ISSN (online)	1464-360X
ISSN	1101-1262
DOI	10.1093/eurpub/cku094
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