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Article ; Online: Quantitative assessment of trunk movements in functional reaching in children and adolescents with dyskinetic cerebral palsy.

Van Wonterghem, Ellen / Vanmechelen, Inti / Haberfehlner, Helga / Decrock, Bieke / Monbaliu, Elegast

2023 Volume 102, Page(s) 105876

Abstract: Background: Trunk control and upper limb function are often disturbed in people with dyskinetic cerebral palsy. While trunk control is fundamental in upper limb activities, insights in trunk control in dyskinetic cerebral palsy are missing. This study ... ...

Abstract	Background: Trunk control and upper limb function are often disturbed in people with dyskinetic cerebral palsy. While trunk control is fundamental in upper limb activities, insights in trunk control in dyskinetic cerebral palsy are missing. This study aimed to determine trunk movement characteristics in individuals with dyskinetic cerebral palsy during reaching. Methods: Twenty individuals with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (MACS level I-III (16y6m)) and 20 typical developing peers (17y2m) were included. Participants performed three tasks: reach forward, reach sideways, and reach and grasp vertically, using a cross-sectional study design. Movements were analyzed using 3D motion capture and a sensor on the trunk. Trunk range of motion, joint angle at point of task achievement, peak and range of angular velocity and linear acceleration were compared between groups using Mann-Whitney U and independent t-tests. Findings: Participants with dyskinetic cerebral palsy showed higher trunk range of motion in all planes during reach forward and reach and grasp vertically, and in rotation and lateral flexion during reach sideways. During reach and grasp vertically, the joint angle at point of task achievement differed in the transversal plane. Ranges of angular velocity and linear acceleration were higher for all tasks and planes for participants with dyskinetic cerebral palsy, and for peak values in nearly all planes. Interpretation: Current results provide insights in trunk control at population level. This is a first step towards a better and individualized evaluation and treatment for trunk control, being an important factor in improving functional activities for individuals with dyskinetic cerebral palsy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; Cerebral Palsy ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Movement ; Upper Extremity ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Biomechanical Phenomena
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	632747-3
ISSN	1879-1271 ; 0268-0033
ISSN (online)	1879-1271
ISSN	0268-0033
DOI	10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2023.105876
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Article: Transfer of Vitamins E and A from yolk to embryo during development of the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus).

Surai, P F / Speake, B K / Decrock, F / Groscolas, R

Physiological and biochemical zoology : PBZ

2001 Volume 74, Issue 6, Page(s) 928–936

Abstract: ... The concentration of vitamin E in the unincubated egg was 155 microg/g wet yolk, of which 88% was alpha-tocopherol ... as retinol; no retinyl esters were detected. Throughout the latter half of the incubation period, vitamins E ... with vitamin A being transferred in advance of vitamin E. In the YSM, vitamin A was present almost entirely ...

Abstract	Since the yolk lipids of the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) are rich in n-3 fatty acids, which are potentially susceptible to peroxidative damage, the yolk contents and yolk-to-embryo transfer of antioxidants and lipid-soluble vitamins were investigated under conditions of natural incubation in the wild. The concentration of vitamin E in the unincubated egg was 155 microg/g wet yolk, of which 88% was alpha-tocopherol and the rest was gamma-tocopherol. Vitamin A (2.9 microg/g) was present in the yolk entirely as retinol; no retinyl esters were detected. Throughout the latter half of the incubation period, vitamins E and A were taken up from the yolk into the yolk sac membrane (YSM) and later accumulated in the liver, with vitamin A being transferred in advance of vitamin E. In the YSM, vitamin A was present almost entirely as retinyl ester, indicating that the free retinol of the yolk is rapidly esterified following uptake. Retinyl esters were also the predominant form in the liver. The retinyl esters of the liver and YSM displayed different fatty acid profiles. At hatching, the brain contained relatively little vitamin E (4.7 microg/g) compared to the much higher concentration in the liver (482.9 microg/g) at this stage. Ascorbic acid was not detected in the yolk but was present at a high concentration in the brain at day 27 (404.6 microg/g), decreasing to less than half this value by the time of hatching. This report is the first to delineate the yolk-to-embryo transfer of lipid-soluble vitamins for a free-living avian species. The yolk fatty acids of the king penguin provide an extreme example of potential oxidative susceptibility, forming a basis for comparative studies on embryonic antioxidant requirements among species of birds whose yolk lipids differ in their degree of unsaturation.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; Birds/physiology ; Brain/physiology ; Egg Yolk/physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Fatty Acids ; Female ; Liver/chemistry ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Tissue Distribution ; Vitamin A/pharmacokinetics ; Vitamin E/pharmacokinetics
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Fatty Acids ; Vitamin A (11103-57-4) ; Vitamin E (1406-18-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2001-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1473845-4
ISSN	1537-5293 ; 1522-2152
ISSN (online)	1537-5293
ISSN	1522-2152
DOI	10.1086/338062
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Article ; Online: X‑irradiation induces acute and early term inflammatory responses in atherosclerosis‑prone ApoE‑/‑ mice and in endothelial cells.

Ramadan, Raghda / Claessens, Michaël / Cocquyt, Ellen / Mysara, Mohamed / Decrock, Elke / Baatout, Sarah / Aerts, An / Leybaert, Luc

Molecular medicine reports

2021 Volume 23, Issue 6

Abstract: Thoracic radiotherapy is an effective treatment for many types of cancer; however it is also associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), appearing mainly ≥10 years after radiation exposure. The present study investigated ...

Abstract	Thoracic radiotherapy is an effective treatment for many types of cancer; however it is also associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), appearing mainly ≥10 years after radiation exposure. The present study investigated acute and early term physiological and molecular changes in the cardiovascular system after ionizing radiation exposure. Female and male ApoE
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Apolipoproteins E/deficiency ; Apolipoproteins E/genetics ; Atherosclerosis/genetics ; Atherosclerosis/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics ; Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokine CCL2/genetics ; Chemokine CCL2/metabolism ; Chemokine CXCL10/genetics ; Chemokine CXCL10/metabolism ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Endothelial Cells/radiation effects ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology ; Endothelium, Vascular/radiation effects ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 1/genetics ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 1/metabolism ; Growth Differentiation Factor 15/genetics ; Growth Differentiation Factor 15/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; P-Selectin/genetics ; P-Selectin/metabolism ; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator/genetics ; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator/metabolism ; X-Rays
Chemical Substances	Apoe protein, mouse ; Apolipoproteins E ; Ccl2 protein, mouse ; Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Chemokine CCL2 ; Chemokine CXCL10 ; Cxcl10 protein, mouse ; Gdf15 protein, mouse ; Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ; P-Selectin ; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 (104781-85-3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-31
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2469505-1
ISSN	1791-3004 ; 1791-2997
ISSN (online)	1791-3004
ISSN	1791-2997
DOI	10.3892/mmr.2021.12038
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Article: Connexin43 Hemichannel Targeting With TAT-Gap19 Alleviates Radiation-Induced Endothelial Cell Damage.

Ramadan, Raghda / Vromans, Els / Anang, Dornatien Chuo / Goetschalckx, Ines / Hoorelbeke, Delphine / Decrock, Elke / Baatout, Sarah / Leybaert, Luc / Aerts, An

Frontiers in pharmacology

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 212

Abstract: ... intercellular communication through channels composed of transmembrane connexin proteins (Cxs), i.e ...

Abstract	Background: Emerging evidence indicates an excess risk of late occurring cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis, after thoracic cancer radiotherapy. Ionizing radiation (IR) induces cellular effects which may induce endothelial cell dysfunction, an early marker for atherosclerosis. In addition, intercellular communication through channels composed of transmembrane connexin proteins (Cxs), i.e. Gap junctions (direct cell-cell coupling) and hemichannels (paracrine release/uptake pathway) can modulate radiation-induced responses and therefore the atherosclerotic process. However, the role of endothelial hemichannel in IR-induced atherosclerosis has never been described before. Materials and methods: Telomerase-immortalized human Coronary Artery/Microvascular Endothelial cells (TICAE/TIME) were exposed to X-rays (0.1 and 5 Gy). Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage, cell death, inflammatory responses, and senescence were assessed with or without applying a Cx43 hemichannel blocker (TAT-Gap19). Results: We report here that IR induces an increase in oxidative stress, cell death, inflammatory responses (IL-8, IL-1β, VCAM-1, MCP-1, and Endothelin-1) and premature cellular senescence in TICAE and TIME cells. These effects are significantly reduced in the presence of the Cx43 hemichannel-targeting peptide TAT-Gap19. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that endothelial Cx43 hemichannels contribute to various IR-induced processes, such as ROS, cell death, inflammation, and senescence, resulting in an increase in endothelial cell damage, which could be protected by blocking these hemichannels. Thus, targeting Cx43 hemichannels may potentially exert radioprotective effects.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587355-6
ISSN	1663-9812
ISSN	1663-9812
DOI	10.3389/fphar.2020.00212
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Article ; Online: Calcium, a pivotal player in photodynamic therapy?

Hoorelbeke, Delphine / Decrock, Elke / Van Haver, Valérie / De Bock, Marijke / Leybaert, Luc

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research

2018 Volume 1865, Issue 11 Pt B, Page(s) 1805–1814

Abstract: Photodynamic therapy combines three non-toxic components: light, oxygen and a photosensitizer to generate singlet oxygen and/or other ROS molecules in order to target destruction of cancer cells. The damage induced in the targeted cells can furthermore ... ...

Abstract	Photodynamic therapy combines three non-toxic components: light, oxygen and a photosensitizer to generate singlet oxygen and/or other ROS molecules in order to target destruction of cancer cells. The damage induced in the targeted cells can furthermore propagate to non-exposed bystander cells thereby exacerbating the damage. Ca
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Apoptosis/radiation effects ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling/drug effects ; Calcium Signaling/radiation effects ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Photochemotherapy/methods ; Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology ; Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Photosensitizing Agents ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.022
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Article ; Online: Single and fractionated ionizing radiation induce alterations in endothelial connexin expression and channel function.

Ramadan, Raghda / Vromans, Els / Anang, Dornatien Chuo / Decrock, Elke / Mysara, Mohamed / Monsieurs, Pieter / Baatout, Sarah / Leybaert, Luc / Aerts, An

Scientific reports

2019 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 4643

Abstract: Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for most tumor types. However, emerging evidence indicates an increased risk for atherosclerosis after ionizing radiation exposure, initiated by endothelial cell dysfunction. Interestingly, endothelial cells express ...

Abstract	Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for most tumor types. However, emerging evidence indicates an increased risk for atherosclerosis after ionizing radiation exposure, initiated by endothelial cell dysfunction. Interestingly, endothelial cells express connexin (Cx) proteins that are reported to exert proatherogenic as well as atheroprotective effects. Furthermore, Cxs form channels, gap junctions and hemichannels, that are involved in bystander signaling that leads to indirect radiation effects in non-exposed cells. We here aimed to investigate the consequences of endothelial cell irradiation on Cx expression and channel function. Telomerase immortalized human Coronary Artery/Microvascular Endothelial cells were exposed to single and fractionated X-rays. Several biological endpoints were investigated at different time points after exposure: Cx gene and protein expression, gap junctional dye coupling and hemichannel function. We demonstrate that single and fractionated irradiation induce upregulation of proatherogenic Cx43 and downregulation of atheroprotective Cx40 gene and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Single and fractionated irradiation furthermore increased gap junctional communication and induced hemichannel opening. Our findings indicate alterations in Cx expression that are typically observed in endothelial cells covering atherosclerotic plaques. The observed radiation-induced increase in Cx channel function may promote bystander signaling thereby exacerbating endothelial cell damage and atherogenesis.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Line ; Connexins/metabolism ; Down-Regulation/radiation effects ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Endothelial Cells/radiation effects ; Gap Junctions/metabolism ; Gene Expression/radiation effects ; Humans ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Signal Transduction/radiation effects
Chemical Substances	Connexins
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-019-39317-9
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Article ; Online: Electroporation Loading and Dye Transfer: A Safe and Robust Method to Probe Gap Junctional Coupling.

Decrock, Elke / De Bock, Marijke / De Baere, Diego / Hoorelbeke, Delphine / Wang, Nan / Leybaert, Luc

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2016 Volume 1437, Page(s) 155–169

Abstract: Intercellular communication occurring via gap junction channels is considered a key mechanism for synchronizing physiological functions of cells and for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Gap junction channels are protein channels that are situated ... ...

Abstract	Intercellular communication occurring via gap junction channels is considered a key mechanism for synchronizing physiological functions of cells and for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Gap junction channels are protein channels that are situated between neighboring cells and that provide a direct, yet selective route for the passage of small hydrophilic biomolecules and ions. Here, an electroporation method is described to load a localized area within an adherent cell monolayer with a gap junction-permeable fluorescent reporter dye. The technique results in a rapid and efficient labeling of a small patch of cells within the cell culture, without affecting cellular viability. Dynamic and quantitative information on gap junctional communication can subsequently be extracted by tracing the intercellular movement of the dye via time-lapse microscopy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-4939-3664-9_11
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Article ; Online: Cx43 channels and signaling via IP

Hoorelbeke, Delphine / Decrock, Elke / De Smet, Maarten / De Bock, Marijke / Descamps, Benedicte / Van Haver, Valérie / Delvaeye, Tinneke / Krysko, Dmitri V / Vanhove, Christian / Bultynck, Geert / Leybaert, Luc

Cell death & disease

2020 Volume 11, Issue 3, Page(s) 194

Abstract: Radiotherapeutic treatment consists of targeted application of radiation beams to a tumor but exposure of surrounding healthy tissue is inevitable. In the brain, ionizing radiation induces breakdown of the blood-brain barrier by effects on brain ... ...

Abstract	Radiotherapeutic treatment consists of targeted application of radiation beams to a tumor but exposure of surrounding healthy tissue is inevitable. In the brain, ionizing radiation induces breakdown of the blood-brain barrier by effects on brain microvascular endothelial cells. Damage from directly irradiated cells can be transferred to surrounding non-exposed bystander cells, known as the radiation-induced bystander effect. We investigated involvement of connexin channels and paracrine signaling in radiation-induced bystander DNA damage in brain microvascular endothelial cells exposed to focused X-rays. Irradiation caused DNA damage in the directly exposed area, which propagated over several millimeters in the bystander area. DNA damage was significantly reduced by the connexin channel-targeting peptide Gap26 and the Cx43 hemichannel blocker TAT-Gap19. ATP release, dye uptake, and patch clamp experiments showed that hemichannels opened within 5 min post irradiation in both irradiated and bystander areas. Bystander signaling involved cellular Ca
MeSH term(s)	Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/blood supply ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Connexin 43/metabolism ; DNA Damage ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Endothelial Cells/radiation effects ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
Chemical Substances	Connexin 43 ; Gja1 protein, rat ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate (85166-31-0) ; Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2541626-1
ISSN	2041-4889 ; 2041-4889
ISSN (online)	2041-4889
ISSN	2041-4889
DOI	10.1038/s41419-020-2392-5
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Article ; Online: Blocking connexin43 hemichannels protects mice against tumour necrosis factor-induced inflammatory shock.

Delvaeye, Tinneke / De Smet, Maarten A J / Verwaerde, Stijn / Decrock, Elke / Czekaj, Aleksandra / Vandenbroucke, Roosmarijn E / Lemeire, Kelly / Gonçalves, Amanda / Declercq, Wim / Vandenabeele, Peter / Krysko, Dmitri V / Leybaert, Luc

Scientific reports

2019 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 16623

Abstract: ... hyperpermeability. Connexin43 hemichannels have been implicated in various pathological conditions, e.g. ischemia ...

Abstract	Upon intravenous injection of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in mice, a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is initiated, characterized by an acute cytokine storm and induction of vascular hyperpermeability. Connexin43 hemichannels have been implicated in various pathological conditions, e.g. ischemia and inflammation, and can lead to detrimental cellular outcomes. Here, we explored whether targeting connexin43 hemichannels could alleviate TNF-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction and lethality in SIRS. Therefore, we verified whether administration of connexin43-targeting-peptides affected survival, body temperature and vascular permeability in vivo. In vitro, TNF-effects on connexin43 hemichannel function were investigated by single-channel studies and Ca
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Capillary Permeability/drug effects ; Chemokines/metabolism ; Connexin 43/antagonists & inhibitors ; Connexin 43/metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/chemically induced ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/physiopathology ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/prevention & control ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Chemokines ; Connexin 43 ; Cytokines ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-019-52900-4
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Article ; Online: A new angle on blood-CNS interfaces: a role for connexins?

De Bock, Marijke / Vandenbroucke, Roosmarijn E / Decrock, Elke / Culot, Maxime / Cecchelli, Romeo / Leybaert, Luc

FEBS letters

2014 Volume 588, Issue 8, Page(s) 1259–1270

Abstract: Neuronal signaling in the CNS depends on the microenvironment around synapses and axons. To prevent fluctuations in blood composition affecting the interstitial fluid and CSF, two barriers, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB), are ...

Abstract	Neuronal signaling in the CNS depends on the microenvironment around synapses and axons. To prevent fluctuations in blood composition affecting the interstitial fluid and CSF, two barriers, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB), are interposed between the blood and the brain/CSF compartment. Brain capillary endothelial cells (ECs) constitute the BBB whereas choroid plexus epithelial (CPE) cells form the BCSFB. The anatomical basis of these barriers is located at the level of an intercellular junctional complex that impedes paracellular diffusion. Tight and adherens junctions are known as the principal constituents of this junctional complex. Transmembrane connexins (Cxs) are the prime building blocks of plasma membrane hemichannels that combine to form intercellular gap junctions (GJ). Although Cxs co-exist within the junctional complex, their influence on tight/adherens junctions and their role in barrier function of BBB ECs and CPE has been mostly ignored. Here, we review current knowledge on the role of Cxs in the BBB, BCSFB and other interfaces that subside within the CNS. We conclude that Cxs are a rather unexplored but promising target for influencing CNS barrier function.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism ; Blood-Nerve Barrier/metabolism ; Connexins/metabolism ; Humans ; Intercellular Junctions/metabolism ; Tight Junction Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Connexins ; Tight Junction Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	212746-5
ISSN	1873-3468 ; 0014-5793
ISSN (online)	1873-3468
ISSN	0014-5793
DOI	10.1016/j.febslet.2014.02.060
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