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Article ; Online: Correlation of Demographics, Healthcare Availability, and COVID-19 Outcome: Indonesian Ecological Study.

Wirawan, Gede Benny Setia / Januraga, Pande Putu

2021 Volume 9, Page(s) 605290

Abstract: Objective: ...

Abstract	Objective:
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/mortality ; Child ; Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; Indonesia/epidemiology ; Multivariate Analysis ; Population Density
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2021.605290
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Article ; Online: Open Communication About Reproductive Health Is Associated With Comprehensive HIV Knowledge and a Non-stigmatising Attitude Among Indonesian Youth: A Cross-sectional Study.

Wirawan, Gede Benny Setia / Gustina, Ni Luh Zallila / Januraga, Pande Putu

Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi

2022 Volume 55, Issue 4, Page(s) 342–350

Abstract: Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention among youth seems under-prioritised compared to other key populations. HIV knowledge and stigma are important parts of HIV prevention. To inform HIV prevention among youths, this study ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention among youth seems under-prioritised compared to other key populations. HIV knowledge and stigma are important parts of HIV prevention. To inform HIV prevention among youths, this study quantitatively analysed the associations between open communication regarding sexuality and sexual health, comprehensive HIV knowledge, and non-stigmatising attitudes in Indonesia. Methods: This study used data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017. The analysis included unmarried men and women aged 15-25 years old. Comprehensive HIV knowledge and a stigmatising attitude were defined according to the IDHS 2017. Open communication about sexuality and sexual health was defined as the number of people with whom participants could openly discuss these topics in their direct network of friends, family, and service providers, with a scale ranging from 0 to a maximum of 7. Primary analysis used binomial logistic regression with weighting adjustments. Results: The final analysis included 22 864 respondents. Twenty-two percent of youth had no one in their direct network with whom to openly discuss sexual matters, only 14.1% had comprehensive HIV knowledge, and 85.9% showed stigmatising attitudes. Youth mostly discussed sex with their friends (55.2%), and were less likely to discuss it with family members, showing a predominant pattern of peer-to-peer communication. Multivariate analysis showed that having a larger network for communication about sexuality and sexual health was associated with more HIV knowledge and less stigmatising attitudes. Conclusions: Having more opportunities for open sex communication in one's direct social network is associated with more HIV knowledge and less stigmatising attitudes.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Communication ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Male ; Reproductive Health ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-13
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2620879-9
ISSN	2233-4521 ; 2233-4521
ISSN (online)	2233-4521
ISSN	2233-4521
DOI	10.3961/jpmph.21.581
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Article ; Online: Correlation of Demographics, Healthcare Availability, and COVID-19 Outcome

Gede Benny Setia Wirawan / Pande Putu Januraga

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

Indonesian Ecological Study

2021 Volume 9

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the correlation between demographic and healthcare availability indicators with COVID-19 outcome among Indonesian provinces.Methods: We employed an ecological study design to study the correlation between demographics, healthcare ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To analyze the correlation between demographic and healthcare availability indicators with COVID-19 outcome among Indonesian provinces.Methods: We employed an ecological study design to study the correlation between demographics, healthcare availability, and COVID-19 indicators. Demographic and healthcare indicators were obtained from the Indonesian Health Profile of 2019 by the Ministry of Health while COVID-19 indicators were obtained from the Indonesian COVID-19 website in August 31st 2020. Non-parametric correlation and multivariate regression analyses were conducted with IBM SPSS 23.0.Results: We found the number of confirmed cases and case growth to be significantly correlated with demographic indicators, especially with distribution of age groups. Confirmed cases and case growth was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with population density (correlation coefficient of 0.461 and 0.491) and proportion of young people (−0.377; −0.394). Incidence and incidence growth were correlated with ratios of GPs (0.426; 0.534), hospitals (0.376; 0.431), primary care clinics (0.423; 0.424), and hospital beds (0.472; 0.599) per capita. For mortality, case fatality rate (CFR) was correlated with population density (0.390) whereas mortality rate was correlated with ratio of hospital beds (0.387). Multivariate analyses found confirmed case independently associated with population density (β of 0.638) and demographic structure (−0.289). Case growth was independently associated with density (0.763). Incidence growth was independently associated with hospital bed ratio (0.486).Conclusion: Pre-existing inequality of healthcare availability correlates with current reported incidence and mortality rate of COVID-19. Lack of healthcare availability in some provinces may have resulted in artificially low numbers of cases being diagnosed, lower demands for COVID-19 tests, and eventually lower case-findings.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; demographic ; healthcare availability ; Indonesia ; ecological study ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Health Beliefs and Socioeconomic Determinants of COVID-19 Booster Vaccine Acceptance: An Indonesian Cross-Sectional Study.

Wirawan, Gede Benny Setia / Harjana, Ngakan Putu Anom / Nugrahani, Nur Wulan / Januraga, Pande Putu

Vaccines

2022 Volume 10, Issue 5

Abstract: Introduction: The threat of new SARS-CoV-2 variants indicates the need to implement COVID-19 vaccine booster programs. The aim of this study was to identify the level of booster acceptance and its determinants.: Methods: A cross-sectional online ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The threat of new SARS-CoV-2 variants indicates the need to implement COVID-19 vaccine booster programs. The aim of this study was to identify the level of booster acceptance and its determinants. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Jakarta and Bali, Indonesia. Booster acceptance was divided into three categories: non-acceptor, planned acceptor, and actual acceptor. The primary independent variables were health beliefs, media influence, and trust in authoritative sources. Other covariates included demographics, socioeconomic status, and COVID-19 history. A primary analysis was conducted through multinomial logistic regression. The effects of the hypothetical situations on booster acceptance were tested using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The final analysis included 2674 respondents with a booster acceptance rate of 56.3% (41.2% planned acceptors, 15.1% actual acceptors). Health beliefs, social media influence, and trust in authoritative information sources were identified as determinants for planned and actual booster acceptance. Socioeconomic status indicators were also identified as determinants for actual booster acceptance. Booster acceptance was increased in hypothetical scenarios involving booster requirements for work, travel, and accessing public places. Conclusions: Booster acceptance was found to be lower than the predicted primary vaccine acceptance prior to its launch. The acceleration of booster coverage requires strategies that leverage health beliefs and focus on people with a lower socioeconomic status.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines10050724
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Article ; Online: Health Beliefs and Socioeconomic Determinants of COVID-19 Booster Vaccine Acceptance

Gede Benny Setia Wirawan / Ngakan Putu Anom Harjana / Nur Wulan Nugrahani / Pande Putu Januraga

Vaccines, Vol 10, Iss 724, p

An Indonesian Cross-Sectional Study

2022 Volume 724

Abstract	Introduction: The threat of new SARS-CoV-2 variants indicates the need to implement COVID-19 vaccine booster programs. The aim of this study was to identify the level of booster acceptance and its determinants. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Jakarta and Bali, Indonesia. Booster acceptance was divided into three categories: non-acceptor, planned acceptor, and actual acceptor. The primary independent variables were health beliefs, media influence, and trust in authoritative sources. Other covariates included demographics, socioeconomic status, and COVID-19 history. A primary analysis was conducted through multinomial logistic regression. The effects of the hypothetical situations on booster acceptance were tested using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The final analysis included 2674 respondents with a booster acceptance rate of 56.3% (41.2% planned acceptors, 15.1% actual acceptors). Health beliefs, social media influence, and trust in authoritative information sources were identified as determinants for planned and actual booster acceptance. Socioeconomic status indicators were also identified as determinants for actual booster acceptance. Booster acceptance was increased in hypothetical scenarios involving booster requirements for work, travel, and accessing public places. Conclusions: Booster acceptance was found to be lower than the predicted primary vaccine acceptance prior to its launch. The acceleration of booster coverage requires strategies that leverage health beliefs and focus on people with a lower socioeconomic status.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; vaccine ; booster ; vaccine hesitancy ; health beliefs ; trust ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	302
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Open Communication About Reproductive Health Is Associated With Comprehensive HIV Knowledge and a Non-stigmatising Attitude Among Indonesian Youth

Gede Benny Setia Wirawan / Ni Luh Zallila Gustina / Pande Putu Januraga

Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Vol 55, Iss 4, Pp 342-

A Cross-sectional Study

2022 Volume 350

Abstract: Objectives Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention among youth seems under-prioritised compared to other key populations. HIV knowledge and stigma are important parts of HIV prevention. To inform HIV prevention among youths, this study ... ...

Abstract	Objectives Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention among youth seems under-prioritised compared to other key populations. HIV knowledge and stigma are important parts of HIV prevention. To inform HIV prevention among youths, this study quantitatively analysed the associations between open communication regarding sexuality and sexual health, comprehensive HIV knowledge, and non-stigmatising attitudes in Indonesia. Methods This study used data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017. The analysis included unmarried men and women aged 15–25 years old. Comprehensive HIV knowledge and a stigmatising attitude were defined according to the IDHS 2017. Open communication about sexuality and sexual health was defined as the number of people with whom participants could openly discuss these topics in their direct network of friends, family, and service providers, with a scale ranging from 0 to a maximum of 7. Primary analysis used binomial logistic regression with weighting adjustments. Results The final analysis included 22 864 respondents. Twenty-two percent of youth had no one in their direct network with whom to openly discuss sexual matters, only 14.1% had comprehensive HIV knowledge, and 85.9% showed stigmatising attitudes. Youth mostly discussed sex with their friends (55.2%), and were less likely to discuss it with family members, showing a predominant pattern of peer-to-peer communication. Multivariate analysis showed that having a larger network for communication about sexuality and sexual health was associated with more HIV knowledge and less stigmatising attitudes. Conclusions Having more opportunities for open sex communication in one’s direct social network is associated with more HIV knowledge and less stigmatising attitudes.
Keywords	sexual health ; sex education ; hiv ; knowledge ; stigma ; youth ; Medicine ; R ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Korean Society for Preventive Medicine
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Determinants of Mental Health and Practice Behaviors of General Practitioners During COVID-19 Pandemic in Bali, Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study.

Sitanggang, Firman Parulian / Wirawan, Gede Benny Setia / Wirawan, I Md Ady / Lesmana, Cokorda Bagus Jaya / Januraga, Pande Putu

Risk management and healthcare policy

2021 Volume 14, Page(s) 2055–2064

Abstract: Purpose: We aim to study the level of mental health distress and COVID-19 prevention in practice behaviors among general practitioners (GPs) in Bali, Indonesia, as well as their determinants.: Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey. ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: We aim to study the level of mental health distress and COVID-19 prevention in practice behaviors among general practitioners (GPs) in Bali, Indonesia, as well as their determinants. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey. Survey recruitment material was disseminated by purposive snowballing through regional professional association as well as research team's personal acquaintances. The survey measured mental health status by DASS-21 questionnaire and practice behavior by a questionnaire based on WHO recommendations for hand hygiene and PPE use during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted multivariate analyses to identify independent determinants for mental health and practice behavior. Results: Analyses included 635 (41.75%) of GPs in Bali. Mental health status was relatively good with prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress of 13.2%, 19.7%, and 11% respectively, lower than previous studies in Indonesia and elsewhere. Practice behavior, however, was not considerably lower with only 65.4% and 32.1% reported consistent hand hygiene and recommended PPE use respectively. Routine optional PPE use was reported by 23.6% of respondents. Long working hours and fear of COVID-19 was identified as detrimental to mental health while consistent hand hygiene improved it. Meanwhile, workplace, work setting, and fear of COVID-19, were identified as determinants for PPE use. GPs working in primary health centers and private hospitals were also found to have less adherence to hand hygiene protocols. Conclusion: Our results showed relatively good mental health status along with inadequate infection prevention in practice behavior of GPs in Bali, Indonesia. Intervention should be made to improve practice behavior. Determinants of practice behavior identified in this study could help to pinpoint intervention targets.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2495128-6
ISSN	1179-1594
ISSN	1179-1594
DOI	10.2147/RMHP.S305373
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Article ; Online: Women's Empowerment Facilitates Complete Immunization in Indonesian Children: A Cross-sectional Study.

Wirawan, Gede Benny Setia / Gustina, Ni Luh Zallila / Pramana, Putu Harrista Indra / Astiti, Made Yuliantari Dwi / Jonathan, Jovvita / Melinda, Fitriana / Wijaya, Teo

Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi

2022 Volume 55, Issue 2, Page(s) 193–204

Abstract: Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of women's empowerment on the immunization of Indonesian children. The secondary objective was to examine the effect of wealth as a factor modifying this association.: Methods: ...

Abstract	Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of women's empowerment on the immunization of Indonesian children. The secondary objective was to examine the effect of wealth as a factor modifying this association. Methods: We utilized data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The subjects were married women with children aged 12-23 months (n=3532). Complete immunization was defined using the 2017 IDHS definition. Multiple components of women's empowerment were measured: enabling resources, decision-making involvement, and attitude toward intimate partner violence. The primary analysis was conducted using binomial logistic regression. Model 1 represented only the indicators of women's empowerment and model 2 controlled for socio-demographic variables. Subgroup analyses were conducted for each wealth group. Results: The primary analysis using model 1 identified several empowerment indicators that facilitated complete immunization. The analysis using model 2 found that maternal education and involvement in decision-making processes facilitated complete immunization in children. Subgroup analyses identified that wealth had a modifying effect. The indicators of women's empowerment were strong determinants of complete immunization in lower wealth quintiles but insignificant in middle-income and higher-income quintiles. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore women's empowerment as a determinant of child immunization in Indonesia. The results indicate that women's empowerment must be considered in Indonesia's child immunization program. Women's empowerment was not found to be a determinant in higher wealth quintiles, which led us to rethink the conceptual framework of the effect of women's empowerment on health outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Decision Making ; Empowerment ; Female ; Humans ; Immunization ; Indonesia
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-08
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2620879-9
ISSN	2233-4521 ; 2233-4521
ISSN (online)	2233-4521
ISSN	2233-4521
DOI	10.3961/jpmph.21.592
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Article: Anxiety and prior victimization predict online gender-based violence perpetration among Indonesian young adults during COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional study.

Wirawan, Gede Benny Setia / Hanipraja, Magdalena Anastasia / Chrysanta, Gabrielle / Imtaza, Nadya / Ahmad, Karima Taushia / Marlina, Inda / Mahendra, Dimas / Larosa, Alvin Theodorus

Egyptian journal of forensic sciences

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 31

Abstract: Background: Most of human interactions moved to the cyberspace for much of the pandemic. It was no surprise that online violence was also on the rise. One of the objectives of this study was to describe the prevalence and risk factors of online gender- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Most of human interactions moved to the cyberspace for much of the pandemic. It was no surprise that online violence was also on the rise. One of the objectives of this study was to describe the prevalence and risk factors of online gender-based violence (OGBV) perpetration during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The final analysis included 1006 respondents, 84.2% of whom were women and 94.5% were heterosexual. Over 60% of respondents admitted having perpetrated at least one type of OGBV once. It included 58.6% of women who admitted having perpetrated OGBV. Logistic regression analysis identified anxiety, online disinhibition, and history of victimization as independent risk factors of perpetration with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.82 (95% CI 1.30-2.56), 1.38 (95% CI 1.03-1.85), and 9.72 (95% CI 5.11-18.51), respectively. Sub-group analysis that identified these factors also facilitated increased frequency and severity of OGBV perpetration. Conclusions: We found a high proportion of OGBV perpetration among young adults during the pandemic among all genders although women were grossly overrepresented among the respondents. Risk factors of perpetration included anxiety, online disinhibition, and prior victimization. The pandemic situation which heightened general anxiety and increased dependency on online communication may facilitate the perpetration of OGBV. The generalization of this result should pay attention to the caveat that the demographic of respondents is heavily skewed toward women.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-07
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2631791-6
ISSN	2090-5939 ; 2090-536X
ISSN (online)	2090-5939
ISSN	2090-536X
DOI	10.1186/s41935-022-00292-4
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Article ; Online: Behavioral Changes, Adaptation, and Supports among Indonesian Female Sex Workers Facing Dual Risk of COVID-19 and HIV in a Pandemic.

Wirawan, Gede Benny Setia / Wardhani, Brigitta Dhyah K / Pradnyani, Putu Erma / Nurhalina, Afriana / Sulaiman, Nurjannah / Sukmaningrum, Evi / Wulandari, Luh Putu Lila / Januraga, Pande Putu

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 3

Abstract: The objective of this study is to explore the impacts of COVID-19 and changes taking place among the Indonesian female sex worker (FSW) community during the COVID-19 pandemic and the predictors of these changes. We conducted a cross-sectional online ... ...

Abstract	The objective of this study is to explore the impacts of COVID-19 and changes taking place among the Indonesian female sex worker (FSW) community during the COVID-19 pandemic and the predictors of these changes. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey and selected the participants using a purposive snowball sampling technique. Incentives were provided to participants in the form of a 5 USD e-wallet balance. Variables of interest included adaptation to online sex work, adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures during sex work, number of clients, income reduction, social support, condom access, and condom use frequency. Sociodemographic data and COVID-19 fear index values were also collected. Final analysis included 951 FSWs, of whom 36.4% of had adapted to online sex work and 48.6% had practiced COVID-19 prevention measures. Major reductions in client frequency and income were reported by 67.8% and 71.1% of respondents, respectively. However, only 36.3% of FSWs reported they had ever received any form of social support from any parties, public or private. Meanwhile, 16.7% encountered difficulties in accessing condoms and 12.5% reported less frequent condom use during the pandemic. Easy access to condoms was the main factor influencing the frequency of condom use. As expected, staying in employment protected FSWs from major income loss, while education and younger age predicted adaptive behavioral changes, such as taking up online sex work. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted access to socioeconomic support systems and HIV prevention services among FSWs and has further exposed them to the dual jeopardy of HIV and COVID-19 infections.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Condoms ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Humans ; Indonesia/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Safe Sex ; Sex Workers
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19031361
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