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Article: Conspiratorial Beliefs and Cognitive Styles: An Integrated Look on Analytic Thinking, Critical Thinking, and Scientific Reasoning in Relation to (Dis)trust in Conspiracy Theories.

Gjoneska, Biljana

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 736838

Abstract: The tendency to believe in conspiracy theories (implying secret and malevolent plots by scheming groups or individuals), incites growing decennial interest among psychological researchers (exploring the associated personality traits, worldviews and ... ...

Abstract	The tendency to believe in conspiracy theories (implying secret and malevolent plots by scheming groups or individuals), incites growing decennial interest among psychological researchers (exploring the associated personality traits, worldviews and cognitive styles of people). The link between the conspiratorial beliefs and the cognitive styles remains of particular interest to scholars, requiring integrated theoretical considerations. This perspective article will focus on the relationship between the propensity to (dis)trust conspiracy theories and three cognitive styles: analytic thinking, critical thinking, and scientific reasoning. Analytic thinking (inclination toward slow and deliberate processing of information in a conscious effort to mitigate biases and reach objective understanding of facts), is a well-studied concept in the context of conspiratorial beliefs, while the negative mutual relationship seems well-evidenced. On the other hand, the evidence on the link with the critical thinking (readiness to consider, reason, appraise, review, and interpret facts to update existing beliefs) has only started to emerge in the last years. Finally, scientific reasoning (ability to apply principles of scientific inquiry to formulate, test, revise and update knowledge in accordance with new evidence), is the least studied of the three cognitive styles in relation to conspiracy theories. The present article will: (a) revise the (lack of)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2021.736838
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Article ; Online: A randomised controlled trial assessing the effects of weather sensitivity profile and walking in nature on the psychophysiological response to stress in individuals with coronary artery disease. A study protocol.

Martinaitienė, Dalia / Sampaio, Francisco / Demetrovics, Zsolt / Gjoneska, Biljana / Portačenko, Justina / Damulevičiūtė, Austėja / Garbenytė-Apolinskienė, Toma / Burkauskas, Julius / Kažukauskienė, Nijolė

BMC psychology

2024 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 82

Abstract: Background: The following protocol pertains to a pioneer study, aiming to investigate how weather sensitivity and walking in different environments affects the psychophysiological responses to the stress of individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) ...

Abstract	Background: The following protocol pertains to a pioneer study, aiming to investigate how weather sensitivity and walking in different environments affects the psychophysiological responses to the stress of individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) during rehabilitation (WE_SENSE_THE_NATURE). This randomised control trial will provide fresh insight on the influence of the environmental exposure in CAD patients, as it is seldom investigated in association to the disease. Additionally, findings on the link between personality traits and cognitive functions (especially cognitive flexibility), and weather sensitivity may help reveal a fine-grained perspective on the treatment possibilities for individuals with CAD at risk to stress-vulnerability. Methods: The proposed protocol is for a randomised control trial among individuals attending a cardiac rehabilitation program. We aim to recruit 164 individuals, collecting information related to demographic characteristics, weather sensitivity, functional capacity, personality traits, subjective mental health status, cognitive function, and basal cortisol level of participating individuals. Basal cortisol level refers to cortisol concentration in saliva and will be tested in the morning and the afternoon prior to the day of the experiment. After baseline measurements, the patients will be randomly assigned to either walking outdoors or walking indoors. All measures and their sequential order will remain the same within each group, while the treatment condition (i.e., walking environment) will vary between groups. On the day of the experiment, hemodynamic parameters (assessed via 6-hour blood pressure measurements), stress level (consisting of assessments of cortisol level), and mood (assessed using visual analogues scale) will be registered. Cold stress test will be administered to evaluate the effect of walking in different environments. Discussion: The outcomes of this study may have direct clinical applications for the use of different types of exercise environments in cardiac rehabilitation programs. Awareness about the potential influence of weather sensitivity on the psychophysiological reactions to stress in individuals with CAD may contribute to a timely planning and implementation of actions leading to improved medical care services and preventive measures, especially considering the expected weather oscillations and extreme weather events due to unfolding of the climate change. Trial registration: This protocol has been retrospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier code: NCT06139705 on November 20, 2023.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Coronary Artery Disease/psychology ; Coronary Artery Disease/rehabilitation ; Hydrocortisone ; Walking ; Exercise ; Weather ; Treatment Outcome ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Chemical Substances	Hydrocortisone (WI4X0X7BPJ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2705921-2
ISSN	2050-7283 ; 2050-7283
ISSN (online)	2050-7283
ISSN	2050-7283
DOI	10.1186/s40359-024-01574-3
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Article: Problematic use of the Internet in low- and middle-income countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.

Gjoneska, Biljana / Potenza, Marc N / Jones, Julia / Sales, Célia Md / Hranov, Georgi / Demetrovics, Zsolt

Current opinion in behavioral sciences

2022 Volume 48, Page(s) 101208

Abstract: People from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) represent large portions of the world population, often occupy less favorable living conditions, and typically suffer greater health risks, yet frequently receive little research and global health ... ...

Abstract	People from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) represent large portions of the world population, often occupy less favorable living conditions, and typically suffer greater health risks, yet frequently receive little research and global health attention. The present study reviews emerging evidence on problematic use of the Internet (PUI) in LMICs prior/during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyzed studies mainly focused on general properties of PUI in university students, problematic gaming in youth, or problematic use of social media in adults, registering higher prevalence estimates, as compared with earlier reports. Research mainly focused on initially affected regions and COVID-exposed populations. Overall, unfavorable circumstances, including poor social support, family relationships, and lifestyle tendencies/habits, may present potential risk for PUI in LMICs, likely exacerbated during the pandemic.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2352-1546
ISSN	2352-1546
DOI	10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101208
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Article: Bound to the group and blinded by the leader: ideological leader-follower dynamics in a trust economic game.

Gjoneska, Biljana / Liuzza, Marco Tullio / Porciello, Giuseppina / Caprara, Gian Vittorio / Aglioti, Salvatore M

Royal Society open science

2019 Volume 6, Issue 9, Page(s) 182023

Abstract: Understanding the dynamics of trustworthiness in ideological contexts could influence human societies, affect electoral campaigns and ultimately impact democracy. We tested trust behaviour towards political leaders in a sample of 121 opposing/supporting ... ...

Abstract	Understanding the dynamics of trustworthiness in ideological contexts could influence human societies, affect electoral campaigns and ultimately impact democracy. We tested trust behaviour towards political leaders in a sample of 121 opposing/supporting voters assigned as trustors in an iterative trust game (TG). In two experiments, a famous Italian conservative leader (i.e. Silvio Berlusconi) or a famous non-politician were used as trustees in a predefined un/trustworthy TG, while trustors believed that mathematical algorithms reproduced trustee's real behaviour. Results revealed that depending on the group, voters either relied on the situation and adjusted to the behaviour of the out-group leader (in our case left-wing voters), or on their disposition for group-loyalty with respect for authority, thus failing to adjust to the behaviour of the in-group leader (in our case right-wing voters). Our findings suggest that: (i) complex voter-leader relations in politics are reflected in the simple trustor-trustee financial interactions from behavioural economics, and (ii) being bound to one's group and one's leader may affect the trust economic decisions of the followers.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2787755-3
ISSN	2054-5703
ISSN	2054-5703
DOI	10.1098/rsos.182023
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Article ; Online: Bound to the group and blinded by the leader

Biljana Gjoneska / Marco Tullio Liuzza / Giuseppina Porciello / Gian Vittorio Caprara / Salvatore M. Aglioti

Royal Society Open Science, Vol 6, Iss

ideological leader–follower dynamics in a trust economic game

2019 Volume 9

Abstract	Understanding the dynamics of trustworthiness in ideological contexts could influence human societies, affect electoral campaigns and ultimately impact democracy. We tested trust behaviour towards political leaders in a sample of 121 opposing/supporting voters assigned as trustors in an iterative trust game (TG). In two experiments, a famous Italian conservative leader (i.e. Silvio Berlusconi) or a famous non-politician were used as trustees in a predefined un/trustworthy TG, while trustors believed that mathematical algorithms reproduced trustee’s real behaviour. Results revealed that depending on the group, voters either relied on the situation and adjusted to the behaviour of the out-group leader (in our case left-wing voters), or on their disposition for group-loyalty with respect for authority, thus failing to adjust to the behaviour of the in-group leader (in our case right-wing voters). Our findings suggest that: (i) complex voter–leader relations in politics are reflected in the simple trustor–trustee financial interactions from behavioural economics, and (ii) being bound to one’s group and one’s leader may affect the trust economic decisions of the followers.
Keywords	group hierarchy ; leadership ; political bias ; trust game ; Science ; Q
Subject code	320
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	The Royal Society
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Citizen Consultation on Problematic Usage of the Internet: Ethical Considerations and Empirical Insights From Six Countries.

Gjoneska, Biljana / Jones, Julia / Vella, Anna Maria / Bonanno, Philip / Flora, Katerina / Fontalba-Navas, Andrés / Hall, Natalie / Ignjatova, Liljana / Kirtava, Zviad / Moreno Sanjuán, Daniel / Vaz-Rebelo, Maria Piedade / Sales, Célia M D

Frontiers in public health

2021 Volume 9, Page(s) 587459

Abstract: Citizens and scientists can work together to improve the collective well-being, if citizens are inspired to help the advancement of science, and researchers motivated to listen to the voices of citizens. The benefits of such collaboration are ... ...

Abstract	Citizens and scientists can work together to improve the collective well-being, if citizens are inspired to help the advancement of science, and researchers motivated to listen to the voices of citizens. The benefits of such collaboration are increasingly recognized by both citizens and scientists, as reflected in the growing number of related publications and initiatives. This is especially relevant for emerging areas of research, where early involvement of citizens could help to envision, prioritize, and plan prospective studies. The Problematic Usage of the Internet (PUI) is one such area, which is fast becoming a public mental health concern. However, there remains a lack of clarity regarding the practical guidelines and ethical requirements for citizen involvement at the earliest stages of PUI. In our paper, we propose a conceptual framework and a template for initial involvement of citizens in PUI. They are derived from our community case studies, conducted in six European countries (Georgia, Greece, Malta, North Macedonia, Portugal, and Spain) and consisting of consultation with diverse groups of interested citizens (students, parents, teachers, and health professionals). Informed by our consultation exercises, we also highlight four ethical aspects for citizen involvement in the research on PUI or novel disciplines in general. They follow simple guiding principles to ensure that scientists will: enable a long-term commitment and inclusive opportunities for citizens, challenge established power hierarchies, and support collaboration, co-production and co-authorship with citizens. We believe that the proposed practical guidelines and ethical considerations, provide a valuable foundation on which to advance our understanding and generate international strategies for citizen involvement in PUI.
MeSH term(s)	Europe ; Georgia ; Greece ; Humans ; Internet ; Malta ; Portugal ; Prospective Studies ; Referral and Consultation ; Republic of North Macedonia ; Spain
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2021.587459
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Article ; Online: Problematic use of the internet during the COVID-19 pandemic: Good practices and mental health recommendations.

Gjoneska, Biljana / Potenza, Marc N / Jones, Julia / Corazza, Ornella / Hall, Natalie / Sales, Célia M D / Grünblatt, Edna / Martinotti, Giovanni / Burkauskas, Julius / Werling, Anna Maria / Walitza, Susanne / Zohar, Joseph / Menchón, José M / Király, Orsolya / Chamberlain, Samuel R / Fineberg, Naomi A / Demetrovics, Zsolt

Comprehensive psychiatry

2021 Volume 112, Page(s) 152279

Abstract: With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the accelerated spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus came jurisdictional limitations on mobility of citizens and distinct alterations in their daily routines. Confined to their homes, many people increased their ... ...

Abstract	With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the accelerated spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus came jurisdictional limitations on mobility of citizens and distinct alterations in their daily routines. Confined to their homes, many people increased their overall internet use, with problematic use of the internet (PUI) becoming a potential reason for increased mental health concerns. Our narrative review summarizes information on the extent of PUI during the pandemic, by focusing on three types: online gaming, gambling and pornography viewing. We conclude by providing guidance for mental health professionals and those affected by PUI (with an outline of immediate research priorities and best therapeutic approaches), as well as for the general public (with an overview of safe and preventative practices).
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Internet ; Mental Health ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	127556-2
ISSN	1532-8384 ; 0010-440X
ISSN (online)	1532-8384
ISSN	0010-440X
DOI	10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152279
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Article ; Online: Citizen Consultation on Problematic Usage of the Internet

Biljana Gjoneska / Julia Jones / Anna Maria Vella / Philip Bonanno / Katerina Flora / Andrés Fontalba-Navas / Natalie Hall / Liljana Ignjatova / Zviad Kirtava / Daniel Moreno Sanjuán / Maria Piedade Vaz-Rebelo / Célia M. D. Sales

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

Ethical Considerations and Empirical Insights From Six Countries

2021 Volume 9

Abstract	Citizens and scientists can work together to improve the collective well-being, if citizens are inspired to help the advancement of science, and researchers motivated to listen to the voices of citizens. The benefits of such collaboration are increasingly recognized by both citizens and scientists, as reflected in the growing number of related publications and initiatives. This is especially relevant for emerging areas of research, where early involvement of citizens could help to envision, prioritize, and plan prospective studies. The Problematic Usage of the Internet (PUI) is one such area, which is fast becoming a public mental health concern. However, there remains a lack of clarity regarding the practical guidelines and ethical requirements for citizen involvement at the earliest stages of PUI. In our paper, we propose a conceptual framework and a template for initial involvement of citizens in PUI. They are derived from our community case studies, conducted in six European countries (Georgia, Greece, Malta, North Macedonia, Portugal, and Spain) and consisting of consultation with diverse groups of interested citizens (students, parents, teachers, and health professionals). Informed by our consultation exercises, we also highlight four ethical aspects for citizen involvement in the research on PUI or novel disciplines in general. They follow simple guiding principles to ensure that scientists will: enable a long-term commitment and inclusive opportunities for citizens, challenge established power hierarchies, and support collaboration, co-production and co-authorship with citizens. We believe that the proposed practical guidelines and ethical considerations, provide a valuable foundation on which to advance our understanding and generate international strategies for citizen involvement in PUI.
Keywords	ethical considerations ; conceptual framework ; emerging discipline ; early research ; public health ; problematic usage of the internet ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	170
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Brain Topography of Emf-Induced Eeg-Changes in Restful Wakefulness: Tracing Current Effects, Targeting Future Prospects.

Gjoneska, Biljana / Markovska-Simoska, Simona / Hinrikus, Hiie / Pop-Jordanova, Nada / Pop-Jordanov, Jordan

Prilozi (Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite. Oddelenie za medicinski nauki)

2016 Volume 36, Issue 3, Page(s) 103–112

Abstract: Introduction: Covering a handful of decades but spanning across two centuries, mobile phones announced the dawn of the technological revolution, standing at the forefront as its' most prominent symbol. Over the course of their sovereign dominance, human ...

Abstract	Introduction: Covering a handful of decades but spanning across two centuries, mobile phones announced the dawn of the technological revolution, standing at the forefront as its' most prominent symbol. Over the course of their sovereign dominance, human generations born with the birth of the mobile phone reached the age of maturity, while scientific community started reaching for experience-based perceptivity. Aim: The following review serves as a short-cut across a half-decade old research gap, and a clear-cut analysis on the cutting-edge knowledge of the EMF induced EEG changes. Material and methods: The selection covers 28 articles about mobile phone effects on resting wakeful EEG in humans conducted over the last two decades, across three continents and 12 countries, of which 75% had positive findings. Conclusions: At present, the general protocol of a typical study includes investigations on adults (20-60 yrs) grouped in smaller samples and exposed to shorter intervals of GSM-like pulse-modulated signal (10-30 subjects/minutes). The assessment usually involves linear methods for quantitative analysis, while the results mostly revolve around posterior increase in alpha and beta frequency range. The qualitative variations, however, remain open to interpretation. Future research may benefit from multiplication of sub-specific studies leading to replication of more consistent results. The long-term and large-size epidemiologic studies, stratified by age and gender, may also improve the expected outcomes. Regarding the interpretation, non-linear methods could be employed for assessment of individual variations. The emphasis should be placed on theories/measures for better understanding of the subtle interplay between the spectral individualities and mobile phone radiation specifics.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Brain/physiology ; Brain/radiation effects ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Brain Waves/radiation effects ; Cell Phone ; Electroencephalography ; Electromagnetic Fields/adverse effects ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Rest ; Risk Assessment ; Time Factors ; Wakefulness ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06-23
Publishing country	North Macedonia
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2743787-5
ISSN	1857-8985 ; 1857-9345
ISSN (online)	1857-8985
ISSN	1857-9345
DOI	10.1515/prilozi-2015-0085
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Article: Problematic use of the Internet during the COVID-19 pandemic

Gjoneska, Biljana / Potenza, Marc N. / Jones, Julia / Corazza, Ornella / Hall, Natalie / Sales, Célia M. D. / Grünblatt, Edna / Martinotti, Giovanni / Burkauskas, Julius / Werling, Anna Maria / Walitza, Susanne / Zohar, Joseph / Menchón, José M. / Király, Orsolya / Chamberlain, Samuel R. / Fineberg, Naomi A. / Demetrovics, Zsolt

Comprehensive Psychiatry

Good practices and mental health recommendations

2022

Title translation	Problematische Nutzung des Internets während der COVID-19-Pandemie: Bewährte Verfahren und Empfehlungen für die psychische Gesundheit
Abstract	With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the accelerated spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus came jurisdictional limitations on mobility of citizens and distinct alterations in their daily routines. Confined to their homes, many people increased their overall internet use, with problematic use of the internet (PUI) becoming a potential reason for increased mental health concerns. Our narrative review summarizes information on the extent of PUI during the pandemic, by focusing on three types: online gaming, gambling and pornography viewing. We conclude by providing guidance for mental health professionals and those affected by PUI (with an outline of immediate research priorities and best therapeutic approaches), as well as for the general public (with an overview of safe and preventative practices).
Keywords	COVID-19 ; Digital Gaming ; Digitales Spielen ; Gambling Disorder ; Internet ; Internet Addiction ; Internetsucht ; Nonsubstance Related Addictions ; Pandemics ; Pandemie ; Pornographie ; Pornography ; Spielsucht ; Substanzungebundene Sucht
Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	127556-2
ISSN	1532-8384 ; 0010-440X
ISSN (online)	1532-8384
ISSN	0010-440X
DOI	10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152279
Database	PSYNDEX

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