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  1. Article: PmtA Regulates Pyocyanin Expression and Biofilm Formation in

    Thees, Amy V / Pietrosimone, Kathryn M / Melchiorre, Clare K / Marden, Jeremiah N / Graf, Joerg / Lynes, Michael A / Maltz-Matyschsyk, Michele

    Frontiers in microbiology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 789765

    Abstract: The opportunistic ... ...

    Abstract The opportunistic pathogen
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587354-4
    ISSN 1664-302X
    ISSN 1664-302X
    DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2021.789765
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Contributions of neutrophils to the adaptive immune response in autoimmune disease.

    Pietrosimone, Kathryn M / Liu, Peng

    World journal of translational medicine

    2015  Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) 60–68

    Abstract: Neutrophils are granulocytic cytotoxic leukocytes of the innate immune system that activate during acute inflammation. Neutrophils can also persist beyond the acute phase of inflammation to impact the adaptive immune response during chronic inflammation. ...

    Abstract Neutrophils are granulocytic cytotoxic leukocytes of the innate immune system that activate during acute inflammation. Neutrophils can also persist beyond the acute phase of inflammation to impact the adaptive immune response during chronic inflammation. In the context of the autoimmune disease, neutrophils modulating T and B cell functions by producing cytokines and chemokines, forming neutrophil extracellular traps, and acting as or priming antigen presentation cells. Thus, neutrophils are actively involved in chronic inflammation and tissue damage in autoimmune disease. Using rheumatoid arthritis as an example, this review focuses on functions of neutrophils in adaptive immunity and the therapeutic potential of these cells in the treatment of autoimmune disease and chronic inflammation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-12-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2220-6132
    ISSN 2220-6132
    DOI 10.5528/wjtm.v4.i3.60
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Measurement of cellular chemotaxis with ECIS/Taxis.

    Pietrosimone, Kathryn M / Yin, Xiuyin / Knecht, David A / Lynes, Michael A

    Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

    2012  , Issue 62

    Abstract: Cellular movement in response to external stimuli is fundamental to many cellular processes including wound healing, inflammation and the response to infection. A common method to measure chemotaxis is the Boyden chamber assay, in which cells and ... ...

    Abstract Cellular movement in response to external stimuli is fundamental to many cellular processes including wound healing, inflammation and the response to infection. A common method to measure chemotaxis is the Boyden chamber assay, in which cells and chemoattractant are separated by a porous membrane. As cells migrate through the membrane toward the chemoattractant, they adhere to the underside of the membrane, or fall into the underlying media, and are subsequently stained and visually counted (1). In this method, cells are exposed to a steep and transient chemoattractant gradient, which is thought to be a poor representation of gradients found in tissues (2). Another assay system, the under-agarose chemotaxis assay, (3, 4) measures cell movement across a solid substrate in a thin aqueous film that forms under the agarose layer. The gradient that develops in the agarose is shallow and is thought to be an appropriate representation of naturally occurring gradients. Chemotaxis can be evaluated by microscopic imaging of the distance traveled. Both the Boyden chamber assay and the under-agarose assay are usually configured as endpoint assays. The automated ECIS/Taxis system combines the under-agarose approach with Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) (5, 6). In this assay, target electrodes are located in each of 8 chambers. A large counter-electrode runs through each of the 8 chambers (Figure 2). Each chamber is filled with agarose and two small wells are the cut in the agarose on either side of the target electrode. One well is filled with the test cell population, while the other holds the sources of diffusing chemoattractant (Figure 3). Current passed through the system can be used to determine the change in resistance that occurs as cells pass over the target electrode. Cells on the target electrode increase the resistance of the system (6). In addition, rapid fluctuations in the resistance represent changes in the interactions of cells with the electrode surface and are indicative of ongoing cellular shape changes. The ECIS/Taxis system can measure movement of the cell population in real-time over extended periods of time, but is also sensitive enough to detect the arrival of a single cell at the target electrode. Dictyostelium discoidium is known to migrate in the presence of a folate gradient (7, 8) and its chemotactic response can be accurately measured by ECIS/Taxis (9). Leukocyte chemotaxis, in response to SDF1α and to chemotaxis antagonists has also been measured with ECIS/Taxis (10, 11). An example of the leukocyte response to SDF1α is shown in Figure 1.
    MeSH term(s) Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation ; Biosensing Techniques/methods ; Chemokine CXCL12/chemistry ; Chemotactic Factors/chemistry ; Chemotaxis/physiology ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ; Electric Impedance ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Sepharose
    Chemical Substances Chemokine CXCL12 ; Chemotactic Factors ; Sepharose (9012-36-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-04-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Video-Audio Media
    ZDB-ID 2259946-0
    ISSN 1940-087X ; 1940-087X
    ISSN (online) 1940-087X
    ISSN 1940-087X
    DOI 10.3791/3840
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: In vitro assays of chemotaxis as a window into mechanisms of toxicant-induced immunomodulation.

    Pietrosimone, Kathryn M / Bhandari, Sadikshya / Lemieux, Michael G / Knecht, David A / Lynes, Michael A

    Current protocols in toxicology

    2013  Volume 58, Page(s) Unit 18.17.

    Abstract: Dysregulated cell movement can lead to developmental abnormalities, neoplasia, and immune system disorders, and there are a variety of contexts in which xenobiotics (and biologic) effects on this movement are of interest. Many toxins and toxicants have ... ...

    Abstract Dysregulated cell movement can lead to developmental abnormalities, neoplasia, and immune system disorders, and there are a variety of contexts in which xenobiotics (and biologic) effects on this movement are of interest. Many toxins and toxicants have been shown to disrupt controlled cell movement. Identification of compounds that affect cell movement is crucial to drug discovery. Drug components may have unexpected consequences with respect to cell motility, which would exclude these compounds in drug development. Finally, the development of drugs that target chemotactic pathways may be useful in the treatment of tumors, which often reprogram chemotactic pathways to become metastatic. The effects of these agents on cell movement can be measured using several different in vitro chemotactic assays. This review details the procedures of three in vitro measurements of chemotaxis: the Boyden chamber, the under-agarose assay, and the automated, real-time, ECIS/Taxis assay, and discusses the inferences that can be drawn from the results of such studies.
    MeSH term(s) Chemotaxis/drug effects ; Chemotaxis/immunology ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/immunology ; High-Throughput Screening Assays/instrumentation ; High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods ; Humans ; Immunomodulation/drug effects ; Immunomodulation/physiology ; Jurkat Cells ; Toxins, Biological/toxicity
    Chemical Substances Toxins, Biological
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-11-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1934-9262
    ISSN (online) 1934-9262
    DOI 10.1002/0471140856.tx1817s58
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Measurement of cellular chemotaxis with ecis/taxis

    Pietrosimone, Kathryn M / Yin, Xiuyin / Knecht, David A / Lynes, Michael A

    Journal of visualized experiments. 2012 Apr. 01, , no. 62

    2012  

    Abstract: Cellular movement in response to external stimuli is fundamental to many cellular processes including wound healing, inflammation and the response to infection. A common method to measure chemotaxis is the Boyden chamber assay, in which cells and ... ...

    Abstract Cellular movement in response to external stimuli is fundamental to many cellular processes including wound healing, inflammation and the response to infection. A common method to measure chemotaxis is the Boyden chamber assay, in which cells and chemoattractant are separated by a porous membrane. As cells migrate through the membrane toward the chemoattractant, they adhere to the underside of the membrane, or fall into the underlying media, and are subsequently stained and visually counted 1. In this method, cells are exposed to a steep and transient chemoattractant gradient, which is thought to be a poor representation of gradients found in tissues 2. Another assay system, the under-agarose chemotaxis assay, 3, 4 measures cell movement across a solid substrate in a thin aqueous film that forms under the agarose layer. The gradient that develops in the agarose is shallow and is thought to be an appropriate representation of naturally occurring gradients. Chemotaxis can be evaluated by microscopic imaging of the distance traveled. Both the Boyden chamber assay and the under-agarose assay are usually configured as endpoint assays. The automated ECIS/Taxis system combines the under-agarose approach with Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) 5, 6. In this assay, target electrodes are located in each of 8 chambers. A large counter-electrode runs through each of the 8 chambers (Figure 2). Each chamber is filled with agarose and two small wells are the cut in the agarose on either side of the target electrode. One well is filled with the test cell population, while the other holds the sources of diffusing chemoattractant (Figure 3). Current passed through the system can be used to determine the change in resistance that occurs as cells pass over the target electrode. Cells on the target electrode increase the resistance of the system 6. In addition, rapid fluctuations in the resistance represent changes in the interactions of cells with the electrode surface and are indicative of ongoing cellular shape changes. The ECIS/Taxis system can measure movement of the cell population in real-time over extended periods of time, but is also sensitive enough to detect the arrival of a single cell at the target electrode. Dictyostelium discoidium is known to migrate in the presence of a folate gradient 7, 8 and its chemotactic response can be accurately measured by ECIS/Taxis 9. Leukocyte chemotaxis, in response to SDF1α and to chemotaxis antagonists has also been measured with ECIS/Taxis 10, 11. An example of the leukocyte response to SDF1α is shown in Figure 1.
    Keywords Dictyostelium ; agarose ; antagonists ; automation ; cell movement ; chemoattractants ; chemotaxis ; electrodes ; folic acid ; image analysis ; inflammation ; leukocytes ; tissue repair ; tissues
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2012-0401
    Size p. e3840.
    Publishing place Journal of Visualized Experiments
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2259946-0
    ISSN 1940-087X
    ISSN 1940-087X
    DOI 10.3791/3840
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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