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  1. Article ; Online: Distinct patterns of incidental exposure to and active selection of radicalizing information indicate varying levels of support for violent extremism.

    Schumann, Sandy / Clemmow, Caitlin / Rottweiler, Bettina / Gill, Paul

    PloS one

    2024  Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) e0293810

    Abstract: Exposure to radicalizing information has been associated with support for violent extremism. It is, however, unclear whether specific information use behavior, namely, a distinct pattern of incidental exposure (IE) to and active selection (AS) of ... ...

    Abstract Exposure to radicalizing information has been associated with support for violent extremism. It is, however, unclear whether specific information use behavior, namely, a distinct pattern of incidental exposure (IE) to and active selection (AS) of radicalizing content, indicates stronger violent extremist attitudes and radical action intentions. Drawing on a representative general population sample (N = 1509) and applying latent class analysis, we addressed this gap in the literature. Results highlighted six types of information use behavior. The largest group of participants reported a near to zero probability of both IE to and AS of radicalizing material. Two groups of participants were characterized by high or moderate probabilities of incidental exposure as well as a low probability of active selection of radicalizing content. The remaining groups displayed either low, moderate, or high probabilities of both IE and AS. Importantly, we showed between-group differences regarding violent extremist attitudes and radical behavioral intentions. Individuals reporting near zero or high probabilities for both IE to and AS of radicalizing information expressed the lowest and strongest violent extremist attitudes and willingness to use violence respectively. Groups defined by even moderate probabilities of AS endorsed violent extremism more strongly than those for which the probability for incidental exposure was moderate or high but AS of radicalizing content was unlikely.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Terrorism ; Violence ; Aggression ; Intention ; Attitude
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0293810
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Conditional inference in cis-Mendelian randomization using weak genetic factors.

    Patel, Ashish / Gill, Dipender / Newcombe, Paul / Burgess, Stephen

    Biometrics

    2023  Volume 79, Issue 4, Page(s) 3458–3471

    Abstract: Mendelian randomization (MR) is a widely used method to estimate the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome by using genetic variants as instrumental variables. MR analyses that use variants from only a single genetic region (cis-MR) encoding the ... ...

    Abstract Mendelian randomization (MR) is a widely used method to estimate the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome by using genetic variants as instrumental variables. MR analyses that use variants from only a single genetic region (cis-MR) encoding the protein target of a drug are able to provide supporting evidence for drug target validation. This paper proposes methods for cis-MR inference that use many correlated variants to make robust inferences even in situations, where those variants have only weak effects on the exposure. In particular, we exploit the highly structured nature of genetic correlations in single gene regions to reduce the dimension of genetic variants using factor analysis. These genetic factors are then used as instrumental variables to construct tests for the causal effect of interest. Since these factors may often be weakly associated with the exposure, size distortions of standard t-tests can be severe. Therefore, we consider two approaches based on conditional testing. First, we extend results of commonly-used identification-robust tests for the setting where estimated factors are used as instruments. Second, we propose a test which appropriately adjusts for first-stage screening of genetic factors based on their relevance. Our empirical results provide genetic evidence to validate cholesterol-lowering drug targets aimed at preventing coronary heart disease.
    MeSH term(s) Mendelian Randomization Analysis/methods ; Genetic Variation ; Causality
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 213543-7
    ISSN 1541-0420 ; 0099-4987 ; 0006-341X
    ISSN (online) 1541-0420
    ISSN 0099-4987 ; 0006-341X
    DOI 10.1111/biom.13888
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The Impact of a 24-h Low and High Fermentable Oligo- Di- Mono-Saccharides and Polyol (FODMAP) Diet on Plasma Bacterial Profile in Response to Exertional-Heat Stress.

    Gaskell, Stephanie K / Henningsen, Kayla / Young, Pascale / Gill, Paul / Muir, Jane / Henry, Rebekah / Costa, Ricardo J S

    Nutrients

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 15

    Abstract: Exertional-heat stress (EHS) compromises intestinal epithelial integrity, potentially leading to the translocation of pathogenic agents into circulation. This study aimed to explore the impact of EHS on the systemic circulatory bacterial profile and to ... ...

    Abstract Exertional-heat stress (EHS) compromises intestinal epithelial integrity, potentially leading to the translocation of pathogenic agents into circulation. This study aimed to explore the impact of EHS on the systemic circulatory bacterial profile and to determine the impact of a short-term low (LFOD) and high (HFOD) fermentable oligo- di- mono-saccharide and polyol dietary intervention before EHS on this profile. Using a double-blind randomized cross-over design, thirteen endurance runners (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu15153376
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: 2D Time-Domain Spectroscopy for Determination of Energy and Momentum Relaxation Rates of Hydrogen-Like Donor States in Germanium.

    Gill, Thomas B / Pavlov, Sergei / Kidd, Connor S / Dean, Paul / Burnett, Andrew D / Dunn, Aniela / Li, Lianhe / Abrosimov, Nikolay V / Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm / Linfield, Edmund H / Davies, A Giles / Freeman, Joshua R

    ACS photonics

    2024  Volume 11, Issue 4, Page(s) 1447–1455

    Abstract: We present measurements of the coherence times of excited states of hydrogen-like arsenic impurities in germanium (Ge:As) using a table-top two-dimensional time-domain spectroscopy (2D-TDS) system. We show that this laboratory system is capable of ... ...

    Abstract We present measurements of the coherence times of excited states of hydrogen-like arsenic impurities in germanium (Ge:As) using a table-top two-dimensional time-domain spectroscopy (2D-TDS) system. We show that this laboratory system is capable of resolving the coherence lifetimes of atomic-like excited levels of impurity centers in semiconductors, such as those used in solid-state quantum information technologies, on a subpicosecond time scale. By fitting the coherent nonlinear response of the system with the known intracenter transition frequencies, we are able to monitor coherent population transfer and decay of the transitions from the 2p
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2330-4022
    ISSN 2330-4022
    DOI 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01522
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Genetic investigation into the broad health implications of caffeine: evidence from phenome-wide, proteome-wide and metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization.

    Zagkos, Loukas / Cronjé, Héléne T / Woolf, Benjamin / de La Harpe, Roxane / Burgess, Stephen / Mantzoros, Christos S / Elliott, Paul / Yuan, Shuai / Larsson, Susanna C / Tzoulaki, Ioanna / Gill, Dipender

    BMC medicine

    2024  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 81

    Abstract: Background: Caffeine is one of the most utilized drugs in the world, yet its clinical effects are not fully understood. Circulating caffeine levels are influenced by the interplay between consumption behaviour and metabolism. This study aimed to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Caffeine is one of the most utilized drugs in the world, yet its clinical effects are not fully understood. Circulating caffeine levels are influenced by the interplay between consumption behaviour and metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effects of circulating caffeine levels by considering genetically predicted variation in caffeine metabolism.
    Methods: Leveraging genetic variants related to caffeine metabolism that affect its circulating levels, we investigated the clinical effects of plasma caffeine in a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS). We validated novel findings using a two-sample Mendelian randomization framework and explored the potential mechanisms underlying these effects in proteome-wide and metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization.
    Results: Higher levels of genetically predicted circulating caffeine among caffeine consumers were associated with a lower risk of obesity (odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation increase in caffeine = 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) CI: 0.95-0.98, p = 2.47 × 10
    Conclusions: We report novel evidence suggesting that long-term increases in circulating caffeine may reduce bodyweight and the risk of osteoarthrosis and osteoarthritis. We confirm prior genetic evidence of a protective effect of plasma caffeine on risk of overweight and obesity. Further clinical study is warranted to understand the translational relevance of these findings before clinical practice or lifestyle interventions related to caffeine consumption are introduced.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Caffeine ; Proteome/genetics ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Proteomics ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Obesity/genetics ; Metabolome/genetics ; Osteoarthritis ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
    Chemical Substances Caffeine (3G6A5W338E) ; Proteome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2131669-7
    ISSN 1741-7015 ; 1741-7015
    ISSN (online) 1741-7015
    ISSN 1741-7015
    DOI 10.1186/s12916-024-03298-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Acute Effect of Night Shift Work on Endothelial Function with and without Naps: A Scoping Review.

    Patterson, Paul D / Friedman, Jacob C / Ding, Samuel / Miller, Rebekah S / Martin-Gill, Christian / Hostler, David / Platt, Thomas E

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2023  Volume 20, Issue 19

    Abstract: We examined the breadth and depth of the current evidence investigating napping/sleeping during night shift work and its impact on non-invasive measures of endothelial function. We used a scoping review study design and searched five databases: Ovid ... ...

    Abstract We examined the breadth and depth of the current evidence investigating napping/sleeping during night shift work and its impact on non-invasive measures of endothelial function. We used a scoping review study design and searched five databases: Ovid Medline, EMBASE, Ovid APA PsycInfo, Web of Science Core Collection, and EBSCO CINAHL. We limited our search to English language and publications from January 1980 to September 2022. Our reporting adhered to the PRISMA-ScR guidance for scoping reviews. Our search strategy yielded 1949 records (titles and abstracts) after deduplication, of which 36 were retained for full-text review. Five articles were retained, describing three observational and two experimental research studies with a total sample of 110 individuals, which examined the non-invasive indicators of endothelial function in relation to the exposure to night shift work. While there is some evidence of an effect of night shift work on the non-invasive indicators of endothelial function, this evidence is incomplete, limited to a small samples of shift workers, and is mostly restricted to one measurement technique for assessing endothelial function with diverse protocols. In addition, there is no identifiable research investigating the potential benefits of napping during night shift work on non-invasive measures of endothelial function.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Shift Work Schedule ; Work Schedule Tolerance ; Sleep ; Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph20196864
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  7. Article: Reliability of pathophysiological markers reflective of exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (EIGS) in response to 2-h high-intensity interval exercise: A comprehensive methodological efficacy exploration.

    Young, Pascale / Russo, Isabella / Gill, Paul / Muir, Jane / Henry, Rebekah / Davidson, Zoe / Costa, Ricardo J S

    Frontiers in physiology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1063335

    Abstract: The study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability of exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (EIGS) biomarkers, and assess the association of pre-exercise short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration with these biomarkers in response to ... ...

    Abstract The study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability of exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (EIGS) biomarkers, and assess the association of pre-exercise short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration with these biomarkers in response to prolonged strenuous exercise. Thirty-four participants completed 2 h of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on two separate occasions with at least 5-days washout. Blood samples were collected pre- and post-exercise, and analysed for biomarkers associated with EIGS [i.e., cortisol, intestinal fatty-acid binding protein (I-FABP), sCD14, lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), leukocyte counts,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564217-0
    ISSN 1664-042X
    ISSN 1664-042X
    DOI 10.3389/fphys.2023.1063335
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  8. Article ; Online: Modified Akuamma Alkaloids with Increased Potency at the Mu-opioid Receptor.

    Hennessy, Madeline R / Gutridge, Anna M / French, Alexander R / Rhoda, Elizabeth S / Meqbil, Yazan J / Gill, Meghna / Kashyap, Yavnika / Appourchaux, Kevin / Paul, Barnali / Wang, Zaijie Jim / van Rijn, Richard M / Riley, Andrew P

    Journal of medicinal chemistry

    2023  Volume 66, Issue 5, Page(s) 3312–3326

    Abstract: Akuammine ( ...

    Abstract Akuammine (
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Receptors, Opioid, mu ; Receptors, Opioid ; Alkaloids/pharmacology ; Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists ; Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Opioid, mu ; Receptors, Opioid ; Alkaloids ; Receptors, Opioid, kappa ; Analgesics, Opioid
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 218133-2
    ISSN 1520-4804 ; 0022-2623
    ISSN (online) 1520-4804
    ISSN 0022-2623
    DOI 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01707
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  9. Article: Flow-S: A Field-Deployable Device with Minimal Hands-On Effort to Concentrate and Quantify

    de Jong, Daniëlle / Carrell, Cody / Maganga, Jane K / Mhango, Loyce / Shigella, Peter S / Gill, Maddy / Shogren, Ryan / Mullins, Brianna / Warrick, Jay W / Changalucha, John M / van Dam, Govert J / Pham, Khanh / Downs, Jennifer A / Corstjens, Paul L A M

    Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 8

    Abstract: A laboratory-based lateral flow (LF) test that utilizes up-converting reporter particles (UCP) for ultrasensitive quantification ... ...

    Abstract A laboratory-based lateral flow (LF) test that utilizes up-converting reporter particles (UCP) for ultrasensitive quantification of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662336-5
    ISSN 2075-4418
    ISSN 2075-4418
    DOI 10.3390/diagnostics14080820
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  10. Article ; Online: Adapting care provision in family practice during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study exploring the impact of primary care reforms in four Canadian regions.

    Mathews, Maria / Hedden, Lindsay / Lukewich, Julia / Marshall, Emily Gard / Meredith, Leslie / Moritz, Lauren / Ryan, Dana / Spencer, Sarah / Brown, Judith B / Gill, Paul S / Wong, Eric K W

    BMC primary care

    2024  Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 109

    Abstract: Background: Over the past two decades, Canadian provinces and territories have introduced a series of primary care reforms in an attempt to improve access to and quality of primary care services, resulting in diverse organizational structures and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Over the past two decades, Canadian provinces and territories have introduced a series of primary care reforms in an attempt to improve access to and quality of primary care services, resulting in diverse organizational structures and practice models. We examine the impact of these reforms on family physicians' (FPs) ability to adapt their roles during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the provision of routine primary care.
    Methods: As part of a larger case study, we conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with FPs in four Canadian regions: British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Ontario. During the interviews, participants were asked about their personal and practice characteristics, the pandemic-related roles they performed over different stages of the pandemic, the facilitators and barriers they experienced in performing these roles, and potential roles FPs could have filled. Interviews were transcribed and a thematic analysis approach was applied to identify recurring themes in the data.
    Results: Sixty-eight FPs completed an interview across the four regions. Participants described five areas of primary care reform that impacted their ability to operate and provide care during the pandemic: funding models, electronic medical records (EMRs), integration with regional entities, interdisciplinary teams, and practice size. FPs in alternate funding models experienced fewer financial constraints than those in fee-for-service practices. EMR access enhanced FPs' ability to deliver virtual care, integration with regional entities improved access to personal protective equipment and technological support, and team-based models facilitated the implementation of infection prevention and control protocols. Lastly, larger group practices had capacity to ensure adequate staffing and cover additional costs, allowing FPs more time to devote to patient care.
    Conclusions: Recent primary care system reforms implemented in Canada enhanced FPs' ability to adapt to the uncertain and evolving environment of providing primary care during the pandemic. Our study highlights the importance of ongoing primary care reforms to enhance pandemic preparedness and advocates for further expansion of these reforms.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Family Practice ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Ontario ; Primary Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2731-4553
    ISSN (online) 2731-4553
    DOI 10.1186/s12875-024-02356-x
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