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Article: Control of phlebotomine (Diptera: Psychodidae) leishmaniasis vectors

Amóra, Sthenia S.A / Bevilaqua, Claudia M.L / Alves, Nilza D / Maciel, Michelline do V

Neotropical entomology. 2009 May-June, v. 38, no. 3

2009

Abstract: Phlebotomines are of medical and veterinary concern as they vector leishmaniasis, bartonellosis and some arboviruses. The adaptations of some species to places modified by humans bring these vectors into contact with dwellings, which can facilitate ... ...

Abstract	Phlebotomines are of medical and veterinary concern as they vector leishmaniasis, bartonellosis and some arboviruses. The adaptations of some species to places modified by humans bring these vectors into contact with dwellings, which can facilitate disease transmission, and the vector control strategies adopted have rendered controversial results. Regarding leishmaniasis, for instance, which vector and reservoirs control can be effective, there is an assumption that the incidence of human infection is directly related to the number of infectious dogs, as well as to entomological factors. Therefore, vector control can provide a cheaper and more practical solution to prevent cases of leishmaniasis. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of the factors involved, chemical control is still essential, and biological insecticides and insecticide plants, for example, represent areas for study that should be encouraged and developed since they show promising results. This paper summarizes the control strategies adopted so far, especially the methods and efficiency of the entomological components of leishmaniasis control programs.
Keywords	Phlebotominae ; Lutzomyia ; Phlebotomus ; insect vectors ; insect control ; leishmaniasis ; disease control ; human health
Language	English
Dates of publication	2009-05
Size	p. 303-310.
Document type	Article
Note	Summary in Portuguese.
ZDB-ID	2105363-7
ISSN	1678-8052 ; 1519-566X
ISSN (online)	1678-8052
ISSN	1519-566X
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Control of phlebotomine (Diptera: Psychodidae) leishmaniasis vectors.

Amóra, Sthenia S A / Bevilaqua, Claudia M L / Feijó, Francisco M C / D Alves, Nilza / do V Maciel, Michelline

Neotropical entomology

2009 Volume 38, Issue 3, Page(s) 303–310

Abstract	Phlebotomines are of medical and veterinary concern as they vector leishmaniasis, bartonellosis and some arboviruses. The adaptations of some species to places modified by humans bring these vectors into contact with dwellings, which can facilitate disease transmission, and the vector control strategies adopted have rendered controversial results. Regarding leishmaniasis, for instance, which vector and reservoirs control can be effective, there is an assumption that the incidence of human infection is directly related to the number of infectious dogs, as well as to entomological factors. Therefore, vector control can provide a cheaper and more practical solution to prevent cases of leishmaniasis. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of the factors involved, chemical control is still essential, and biological insecticides and insecticide plants, for example, represent areas for study that should be encouraged and developed since they show promising results. This paper summarizes the control strategies adopted so far, especially the methods and efficiency of the entomological components of leishmaniasis control programs.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Disease Vectors ; Insect Control ; Leishmaniasis/prevention & control ; Phlebotomus
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-07-16
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2105363-7
ISSN	1678-8052 ; 1519-566X
ISSN (online)	1678-8052
ISSN	1519-566X
DOI	10.1590/s1519-566x2009000300001
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Caracterização da microbiota auricular de cutias (Dasyprocta aguti) criadas em cativeiro

Cristtyan G.V. de Souza / Roberio G. Olinda / Raimundo N.L. Amorim / Moacir F. Oliveira / Nilza D. Alves / Sthenia S.A. Amóra / Francisco S.B. Bezerra / Francisco M.C. Feijó

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, Vol 32, Iss 9, Pp 927-

2012 Volume 930

Abstract: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar as principais bactérias aeróbias que compõem a microbiota natural do pavilhão auricular de cutias hígidas. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 48 cutias, criadas em cativeiro sob as condições Semiáridas do ... ...

Abstract	O presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar as principais bactérias aeróbias que compõem a microbiota natural do pavilhão auricular de cutias hígidas. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 48 cutias, criadas em cativeiro sob as condições Semiáridas do Nordeste Brasileiro. Esses animais foram distribuídos nas categorias de adultos (N=32) e filhotes (N=16), e, em ambas, distribuídos igualmente entre machos e fêmeas. Através de um swab, em cada animal coletou-se de cada orelha a secreção presente na superfície do pavilhão auricular dos animais, totalizando 96 amostras. Este material foi refrigerado, e encaminhado ao laboratório para a realização das análises microbiológicas (macroscopia das colônias, citologia e provas bioquímicas), com o intuito de isolar e identificar os microrganismos. Os principais microrganismos isolados foram Staphylococcus spp. (47,26%), Streptococcus spp. (12,80%), Bacillus spp. (22,73%) e Corynebacterium spp. (17,30%). Verificou-se também que não houve diferença entre adultos e filhotes em relação aos microrganismos retrocitados. Assim, as bactérias residentes do pavilhão auricular de cutias hígidas são essencialmente cocos e bacilos gram-positivos, similarmente ao encontrado em pequenos animais domésticos.
Keywords	Microbiota auricular ; Dasyprocta aguti ; sistema auditivo ; bactérias aeróbias ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal (CBPA)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Control of phlebotomine (Diptera: Psychodidae) leishmaniasis vectors

Amóra, Sthenia S A(Univ. Estadual do Ceará Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias) / Bevilaqua, Claudia M L(Univ. Estadual do Ceará Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias) / Feijó, Francisco M C(Univ. Federal Rural do Semi-Árido) / Alves, Nilza D(Univ. Federal Rural do Semi-Árido) / Maciel, Michelline do V(Univ. Estadual do Ceará Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias)

Neotropical Entomology

2009/06

Abstract	Phlebotomines are of medical and veterinary concern as they vector leishmaniasis, bartonellosis and some arboviruses. The adaptations of some species to places modified by humans bring these vectors into contact with dwellings, which can facilitate disease transmission, and the vector control strategies adopted have rendered controversial results. Regarding leishmaniasis, for instance, which vector and reservoirs control can be effective, there is an assumption that the incidence of human infection is directly related to the number of infectious dogs, as well as to entomological factors. Therefore, vector control can provide a cheaper and more practical solution to prevent cases of leishmaniasis. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of the factors involved, chemical control is still essential, and biological insecticides and insecticide plants, for example, represent areas for study that should be encouraged and developed since they show promising results. This paper summarizes the control strategies adopted so far, especially the methods and efficiency of the entomological components of leishmaniasis control programs.
Language	English
Document type	Article
ISSN	1519-566X
Database	AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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Article ; Online: Knowledge of the Population about Visceral Leishmaniasis Transmission in Endemic Areas near the Banks of the Mossoró River in Northeastern Brazil

Camila Fernandes de Amorim / Sthenia Santos Albano Amóra / Thaís Aparecida Kazimoto / Kalídia Felipe de Lima Costa / Luanna Fernandes Silva / Maressa Laíse Reginaldo de Sousa / Yannara Barbosa Nogueira Freitas / Nilza Dutra Alves / Francisco Marlon Carneiro Feijó

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 12, Iss 3, Pp 3343-

2015 Volume 3357

Abstract: ... the Mossoró River, addressing the population’s knowledge about VL and environmental characteristics. Most ...

Abstract	Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an anthropozoonosis with high prevalence and incidence in the Northeastern region of Brazil. This study aimed to determine whether people living near the Mossoró River in the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, have knowledge of VL and to characterize the environmental properties of this region. Questionnaires were administered to 478 residents in three neighborhoods near the Mossoró River, addressing the population’s knowledge about VL and environmental characteristics. Most survey participants were female, with ages between 18 and 40 years, 53.8% had completed primary education, and 61.5% owned pet dogs (p < 0.05). The majority (95.9%) showed little knowledge about the characteristics inherent to sandflies, and 85.3% were unaware of the environments preferred by this vector (p < 0.05). Sewage from the homes of respondents was mainly dumped into the river (44.6%), and 76.6% of the respondents complained about the accumulation of garbage in the streets (p < 0.05). The association between education and knowledge about the transmission of VL and preferred vector locations was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The lack of knowledge in the population about VL and the residential environment indicates a risk of maintaining sand fly habitats and hence disease transmission.
Keywords	kala-azar ; longipalpis ; environmental factors ; population knowledge ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Knowledge of the Population about Visceral Leishmaniasis Transmission in Endemic Areas near the Banks of the Mossoró River in Northeastern Brazil

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 12, Iss 3, Pp 3343-

2015 Volume 3357

Abstract: ... the Mossoró River, addressing the population’s knowledge about VL and environmental characteristics. Most ...

Abstract	Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an anthropozoonosis with high prevalence and incidence in the Northeastern region of Brazil. This study aimed to determine whether people living near the Mossoró River in the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, have knowledge of VL and to characterize the environmental properties of this region. Questionnaires were administered to 478 residents in three neighborhoods near the Mossoró River, addressing the population’s knowledge about VL and environmental characteristics. Most survey participants were female, with ages between 18 and 40 years, 53.8% had completed primary education, and 61.5% owned pet dogs (p < 0.05). The majority (95.9%) showed little knowledge about the characteristics inherent to sandflies, and 85.3% were unaware of the environments preferred by this vector (p < 0.05). Sewage from the homes of respondents was mainly dumped into the river (44.6%), and 76.6% of the respondents complained about the accumulation of garbage in the streets (p < 0.05). The association between education and knowledge about the transmission of VL and preferred vector locations was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The lack of knowledge in the population about VL and the residential environment indicates a risk of maintaining sand fly habitats and hence disease transmission.
Keywords	kala-azar ; longipalpis ; environmental factors ; population knowledge ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil on goat gastrointestinal nematodes Avaliação do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus citriodora sobre nematóides gastrintestinais de caprinos

Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo / Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua / Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira / Ana Lourdes Fernandes Camurça-Vasconcelos / Luiz da Silva Vieira / Sthenia dos Santos Albano Amóra

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, Vol 20, Iss 3, Pp 223-

2011 Volume 227

Abstract: Phytotherapy may be an alternative strategy for controlling gastrointestinal parasites. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (EcEO). The in vitro effects of EcEO were determined through testing the ... ...

Abstract	Phytotherapy may be an alternative strategy for controlling gastrointestinal parasites. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (EcEO). The in vitro effects of EcEO were determined through testing the inhibition of egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus. EcEO was subjected to acute toxicity testing on mice, orally and intraperitoneally. The in vivo effects of EcEO were determined by the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in goats infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The results showed that 5.3 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited egg hatching by 98.8% and 10.6 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited H. contortus larval development by 99.71%. The lethal doses for 50% of the mice were 4153 and 622.8 mg.kg-1, for acute toxicity orally and intraperitoneally. In the FECRT, the efficacy of EcEO and ivermectin was 66.25 and 79.16% respectively, on goat gastrointestinal nematodes eight days after treatment. EcEO showed in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity. Fitoterapia pode ser uma estratégia alternativa para o controle de parasitas gastrintestinais. Este estudo avaliou a eficácia anti-helmintica do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus citriodora (OeEc). Os efeitos in vitro do OeEc foram determinados através do teste de eclosão de ovos e inibição do desenvolvimento larvar de Haemonchus contortus. O OeEc foi submetido ao teste de toxicidade aguda oral e intraperitoneal, em camundongos. Os efeitos in vivo do OeEc foram avaliados através do teste de redução da contagem de ovos nas fezes (FECRT) com caprinos infectados com nematóides gastrintestinais. Os resultados mostraram que 5,3 mg.mL-1 OeEc inibiram 98,8% a eclosão de ovos e 10,6 mg.mL-1 OeEc inibiram 99,71% o desenvolvimento larvar de H. contortus. As doses letais para 50% dos camundongos foram de 4153 e 622,8 mg.kg-1 pela via oral e intraperitoneal. No FECRT, a eficácia de OeEc e ivermectina foi de 66,25 e 79,16%, respectivamente, em caprinos 8 dias após o tratamento. OeEc mostrou atividade anti-helmintica in vitro e in vivo.
Keywords	Fitoterapia ; anti-helmíntico ; Haemonchus contortus ; Trichostrongylus spp ; toxicidade ; Phytotherapy ; anthelmintic ; toxicity ; Animal culture ; SF1-1100 ; Agriculture ; S ; DOAJ:Animal Sciences ; DOAJ:Agriculture and Food Sciences
Language	Portuguese
Publishing date	2011-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Sandflies (Psychodidae

Sthenia Santos Albano Amóra / Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua / Francisco Marlon Carneiro Feijó / Paula Gabriela Melo de Oliveira / Gislayne Christianne Xavier Peixoto / Raimundo Nonato de Sousa / Nilza Dutra Alves / Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira / Iara Térsia Freitas Macedo

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, Vol 19, Iss 4, Pp 233-

Phlebotominae) survey in an urban transmission area of visceral leishmaniasis, Northeastern Brazil Pesquisa de flebotomíneos (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) em área urbana de transmissão de leishmaniose visceral no Nordeste do Brasil

2010 Volume 237

Abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a major public health challenge in Brazil, especially in states where it is endemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of sand fly population density with environmental variables (temperature, ... ...

Abstract	Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a major public health challenge in Brazil, especially in states where it is endemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of sand fly population density with environmental variables (temperature, rainfall and relative humidity) in urban areas of the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil. Sand flies were captured with Center Disease Control (CDC) traps installed monthly in the intra and peridomicile of three houses. Data analysis was based on the chi-square test and linear regression. A total of 7,347 sand flies were captured, being 93.85% Lutzomyia longipalpis and 6.15% Lutzomyia evandroi. Sand flies were more commonly found in the peridomicile and there was no difference between the number of males and females. The variables rainy season as well as relative humidity and rainfall, alone or together, did not have an effect on sand fly population density. However, high temperatures had a negative effect. The study of the behavior of sand flies in specific units of endemic areas can provide input to public health authorities for planning appropriate VL vector control measures. A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é um grande desafio para a saúde pública no Brasil, particularmente nos estados onde é endêmica. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a relação da densidade populacional de flebotomíneos com as variáveis ambientais (temperatura, precipitação de chuva e umidade relativa do ar) em bairros urbanos de Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte. Os flebotomíneos foram capturados com armadilhas CDC instaladas mensalmente no intra e peridomicílio de três casas. A análise dos dados foi baseada no teste Qui-quadrado e na regressão linear. Foram capturados 7.347 flebotomíneos, sendo 93,85% Lutzomyia longipalpis e 6,15% Lutzomyia evandroi. Os flebotomíneos foram encontrados mais comumente no peridomicílio e nenhuma diferença significativa entre o número de machos e fêmeas foi observada. As variáveis estação chuvosa, bem como a umidade relativa e precipitação de chuva, associadas ou isoladas, não influenciou a densidade populacional dos flebotomíneos. No entanto, a alta temperatura afetou essa densidade de forma negativa. Portanto, este estudo específico em áreas endêmicas é importante, porque as agências de Saúde Pública podem usar essas informações para um planejamento adequado das medidas de controle de vetores LV.
Keywords	Lutzomyia longipalpis ; Lutzomyia evandroi ; sazonalidade ; clima ; Rio Grande do Norte ; seasonality ; climate ; Rio Grande do Norte State ; Animal culture ; SF1-1100 ; Agriculture ; S ; DOAJ:Animal Sciences ; DOAJ:Agriculture and Food Sciences
Language	Portuguese
Publishing date	2010-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Monitoring of Lutzomyia longipalpis Lutz & Neiva, 1912 in an area of intense transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil Monitoramento de Lutzomyia longipalpis Lutz & Neiva, 1912 em área de transmissão intensa de leishmaniose visceral no Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil

Sthenia Santos Albano Amóra / Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua / Edmilson de Castro Dias / Francisco Marlon Carneiro Feijó / Paula Gabriela Melo de Oliveira / Gislayne Christianne Xavier Peixoto / Nilza Dutra Alves / Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira / Iara Térsia Freitas Macedo

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 39-

2010 Volume 43

Abstract: Urban increase of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil is associated with the adaptation of its vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis, to environments modified by humans. The present study reports the results of an entomological monitoring of L. longipalpis and ...

Abstract	Urban increase of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil is associated with the adaptation of its vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis, to environments modified by humans. The present study reports the results of an entomological monitoring of L. longipalpis and the effect of environmental variables on its population density. Sandflies were captured in the municipality of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, from January 2005 to December 2006. Two CDC light traps were placed monthly for four consecutive nights in the peridomicile of selected households. Data analysis was based on the chi-square test and linear regression. A total of 2,087 sandflies were captured, 99.86% of which were L. longipalpis. A higher proportion of females were captured (p < 0.05). Monthly analysis of the variables temperature, relative humidity and rainfall did not show a significant influence on population density. However, there were seasonal differences: approximately 70% of sand flies were captured during the rainy season (p < 0.05). The predominant species, L. longipalpis, is present in substantial number, representing a public health risk. Therefore, because of higher prevalence during the rainy season, we recommend intensified VL control measures before and during this season to reduce the risk of disease transmission. No Brasil, o crescimento urbano da leishmaniose visceral (LV) está associado com a adaptação do seu vetor, Lutzomyia longipalpis, aos ambientes modificados pelo homem. Este estudo relata a vigilância entomológica de L. longipalpis e os efeitos das variáveis ambientais sobre a sua densidade populacional. Os flebotomíneos foram capturados no município de Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, no Nordeste do Brasil, a partir de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2006. Duas armadilhas tipo CDC foram colocadas mensalmente durante quatro noites consecutivas no peridomicílio das casas escolhidas. A análise dos dados foi baseada no teste Qui-quadrado e regressão linear. Um total de 2.087 flebotomíneos foram capturados, dos quais 99,86% foram L. longipalpis. Mais fêmeas do que machos foram capturados (p < 0,05). Na análise mensal das variáveis ambientais a temperatura, umidade relativa e a chuva não tiveram impacto significativo sobre a densidade populacional de L. longipalpis. No entanto, houve diferenças sazonais: aproximadamente 70% dos flebotomíneos foram capturados durante a estação chuvosa (p < 0,05). Assim, L. longipalpis, a espécie predominante, representa um risco à saúde pública. Portanto, devido à maior prevalência no período chuvoso, recomendamos intensificar as medidas de controle da LV antes e durante este período para reduzir o risco de transmissão da doença.
Keywords	Lutzomyia longipalpis ; sazonalidade ; epidemiologia ; controle vetorial ; leishmaniose visceral ; seasonality ; epidemiology ; vector control ; visceral leishmaniasis ; Animal culture ; SF1-1100 ; Agriculture ; S ; DOAJ:Animal Sciences ; DOAJ:Agriculture and Food Sciences
Language	Portuguese
Publishing date	2010-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Fatores relacionados com a positividade de cães para leishmaniose visceral em área endêmica do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil Factors related to positive testing of dogs for visceral leishmaniasis in endemic area in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Sthenia Santos Albano Amóra / Maria José Paes Santos / Nilza Dutra Alves / Sylvio Celso Gonçalves da Costa / Kátia da Silva Calabrese / André Jalles Monteiro / Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha

Ciência Rural, Vol 36, Iss 6, Pp 1854-

2006 Volume 1859

Abstract: O presente estudo objetivou descrever alguns fatores relacionados à positividade de cães para leishmaniose visceral, em área endêmica do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram analisados 198 cães, dos quais 62 foram recrutados de propriedades rurais e 136 ... ...

Abstract	O presente estudo objetivou descrever alguns fatores relacionados à positividade de cães para leishmaniose visceral, em área endêmica do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram analisados 198 cães, dos quais 62 foram recrutados de propriedades rurais e 136 de residências urbanas. O diagnóstico foi realizado através dos testes de imunofluorescência indireta e imunoadsorção enzimática. Dos cães analisados, 45% dos positivos eram provenientes da área rural e 35% da área urbana. Analisando a função dos animais, a prevalência foi de 50% dos cães de guarda nas áreas rural e de 43% na área urbana. Quanto aos cães que tinham contato com outros cães de origem rural ou urbana, a prevalência observada de foi 54% e 32%, respectivamente. No que se refere ao sexo, as fêmeas da zona rural foram mais prevalentes. Estes resultados sugerem uma atenção maior sobre o papel destes animais como reservatório dessa zoonose, como também na urbanização da leishmaniose visceral e o inquérito epidemiológico desta doença, no qual estas informações poderão contribuir para o planejamento de estratégias de controle do cão como reservatório doméstico. This study aimed at describing several factors related to positive testing of dogs for visceral leishmaniasis, in an endemic area of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Sera of 198 dogs were analyzed, 62 from rural properties and 136 from urban residences. Diagnosis was performed through indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Forty five percent of positive dogs were from the rural area and 35% came from the urban area. Concerning the analysis of dogs' function, the watchdogs showed greater prevalence, with 50% prevalence in the rural area and 43% in the urban area. With regard to contact with other dogs and origin in rural or urban areas, the prevalence was 54% and 32% respectively. In relation to gender, females from the rural area were more prevalent. These results suggest more attention should be paid to dogs as reservoirs for this zoonosis, as well as their important ...
Keywords	leishmaniose visceral ; cão ; sorodiagnóstico e fatores de risco ; visceral leishmaniasis ; dog ; serological tests and risck factors ; Agriculture ; S ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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