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Book ; Online: Proof Number Based Monte-Carlo Tree Search

Kowalski, Jakub / Doe, Elliot / Winands, Mark H. M. / Górski, Daniel / Soemers, Dennis J. N. J.

2023

Abstract: This paper proposes a new game-search algorithm, PN-MCTS, which combines Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) and Proof-Number Search (PNS). These two algorithms have been successfully applied for decision making in a range of domains. We define three areas ... ...

Abstract	This paper proposes a new game-search algorithm, PN-MCTS, which combines Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) and Proof-Number Search (PNS). These two algorithms have been successfully applied for decision making in a range of domains. We define three areas where the additional knowledge provided by the proof and disproof numbers gathered in MCTS trees might be used: final move selection, solving subtrees, and the UCB1 selection mechanism. We test all possible combinations on different time settings, playing against vanilla UCT on several games: Lines of Action ($7$$\times$$7$ and $8$$\times$$8$ board sizes), MiniShogi, Knightthrough, and Awari. Furthermore, we extend this new algorithm to properly address games with draws, like Awari, by adding an additional layer of PNS on top of the MCTS tree. The experiments show that PN-MCTS confidently outperforms MCTS in all tested game domains, achieving win rates up to 96.2\% for Lines of Action. Comment: Extended version of arXiv:2206.03965
Keywords	Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Publishing date	2023-03-16
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The structure of the Physcomitrium patens photosystem I reveals a unique Lhca2 paralogue replacing Lhca4.

Gorski, C / Riddle, R / Toporik, H / Da, Z / Dobson, Z / Williams, D / Mazor, Y

Nature plants

2022 Volume 8, Issue 3, Page(s) 307–316

Abstract: The moss Physcomitrium patens diverged from green algae shortly after the colonization of land by ancient plants. This colonization posed new environmental challenges, which drove evolutionary processes. The photosynthetic machinery of modern flowering ... ...

Abstract	The moss Physcomitrium patens diverged from green algae shortly after the colonization of land by ancient plants. This colonization posed new environmental challenges, which drove evolutionary processes. The photosynthetic machinery of modern flowering plants is adapted to the high light conditions on land. Red-shifted Lhca4 antennae are present in the photosystem I light-harvesting complex of many green-lineage plants but absent in P. patens. The cryo-EM structure of the P. patens photosystem I light-harvesting complex I supercomplex (PSI-LHCI) at 2.8 Å reveals that Lhca4 is replaced by a unique Lhca2 paralogue in moss. This PSI-LHCI supercomplex also retains the PsaM subunit, present in Cyanobacteria and several algal species but lost in vascular plants, and the PsaO subunit responsible for binding light-harvesting complex II. The blue-shifted Lhca2 paralogue and chlorophyll b enrichment relative to flowering plants make the P. patens PSI-LHCI spectroscopically unique among other green-lineage supercomplexes. Overall, the structure represents an evolutionary intermediate PSI with the crescent-shaped LHCI common in vascular plants, and contains a unique Lhca2 paralogue that facilitates the moss's adaptation to low-light niches.
MeSH term(s)	Bryopsida/metabolism ; Cyanobacteria/metabolism ; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Photosystem I Protein Complex/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes ; Photosystem I Protein Complex
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2055-0278
ISSN (online)	2055-0278
DOI	10.1038/s41477-022-01099-w
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Article ; Online: Crowding is the strongest predictor of left without being seen risk in a pediatric emergency department.

Gorski, Jillian K / Arnold, Tyler S / Usiak, Holly / Showalter, Cory D

The American journal of emergency medicine

2021 Volume 48, Page(s) 73–78

Abstract: Background: Emergency Department (ED) patients who leave without being seen (LWBS) are associated with adverse safety and medico-legal consequences. While LWBS risk has been previously tied to demographic and acuity related factors, there is limited ... ...

Abstract	Background: Emergency Department (ED) patients who leave without being seen (LWBS) are associated with adverse safety and medico-legal consequences. While LWBS risk has been previously tied to demographic and acuity related factors, there is limited research examining crowding-related risk in the pediatric setting. The primary objective of this study was to determine the association between LWBS risk and crowding, using the National Emergency Department Overcrowding Score (NEDOCS) and occupancy rate as crowding metrics. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study on electronic health record (EHR) data from the ED of a quaternary care children's hospital and trauma center during the 14-month study period. NEDOCS and occupancy rate were calculated for 15-min windows and matched to patient arrival time. We leveraged multiple logistic regression analyses to demonstrate the relationship between patientlevel LWBS risk and each crowding metric, controlling for characteristics drawn from the pre-arrival state. We performed a chi-squared test to determine whether a difference existed between the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in the two models. Finally, we executed a dominance analysis using McFadden's pseudo-R 2 to determine the relative importance of each crowding metric in the models. Results: A total of 54,890 patient encounters were studied, 1.22% of whom LWBS. The odds ratio for LWBS risk was 1.30 (95% CI 1.27-1.33) per 10-point increase in NEDOCS and 1.23 (95% CI 1.21-1.25). per 10% increase in occupancy rate. Area under the curve (AUC) was 86.9% for the NEDOCS model and 86.7% for the occupancy rate model. There was no statistically significant difference between the AUCs of the two models (p-value 0.27). Dominance analysis revealed that in each model, the most important variable studied was its respective crowding metric; NEDOCS accounted for 55.6% and occupancy rate accounted for 53.9% of predicted variance in LWBS. Conclusion: Not only was ED overcrowding positively and significantly associated with individual LWBS risk, but it was the single most important factor that determined a patient's likelihood of LWBS in the pediatric ED. Because occupancy rate and NEDOCS are available in real time, each could serve as a monitor for individual LWBS risk in the pediatric ED.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Crowding ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	605890-5
ISSN	1532-8171 ; 0735-6757
ISSN (online)	1532-8171
ISSN	0735-6757
DOI	10.1016/j.ajem.2021.04.005
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Article ; Online: Implementation of a Novel Patient Decision Aid for Women with Elevated Breast Cancer Risk Who Are Considering MRI Screening: A Pilot Study.

Chu, Crystal D / Smith, Caleigh E / Gorski, Janelle / Smolkin, Mark / Zhao, Hui / Jones, Randy A / Hollen, Patricia / Dengel, Lynn T

Annals of surgical oncology

2023 Volume 30, Issue 10, Page(s) 6152–6158

Abstract: Purpose: To determine the feasibility and acceptability of using a patient decision aid (DA) for women with elevated breast cancer risk who are considering MRI screening.: Methods: This pilot study employed a mixed methods design to develop, modify, ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To determine the feasibility and acceptability of using a patient decision aid (DA) for women with elevated breast cancer risk who are considering MRI screening. Methods: This pilot study employed a mixed methods design to develop, modify, and test an interactive DA. The DA was administered among a consecutive patient sample with an estimated Tyrer-Cuzick v.8 lifetime breast cancer risk of 20% or greater and without a pathologic genetic mutation. The decisional conflict scale was used to measure decisional conflict. Post-intervention provider and patient feedback evaluated shared decision-making, feasibility, and acceptability. Results: Twenty-four patients participated, with a median age of 44 years. Prior to DA use, sixteen patients (67%) were unsure whether to add MRI to their screening, six patients elected MRI (25%), and two patients declined MRI (8%). Following DA use, thirteen of sixteen of the initially undecided participants (81%) established a preference, with eleven electing to add MRI screening. Of participants with an initial preference, all maintained the same decision following use of the DA. Prior to the DA, the median decisional conflict score among participants was 25% (range 0-60%) compared with 0% (range 0-25%) after the DA. Healthcare providers reported that the DA was useful and easily incorporated into clinical workflow. Conclusions: This pilot study shows that there may be a benefit to DA utilization in the high-risk breast cancer clinic to guide shared decision-making in establishing a screening preference. The findings warrant further research to test the use of the DA in a larger, multi-site trial.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Decision Making ; Decision Support Techniques ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Pilot Projects ; Middle Aged
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1200469-8
ISSN	1534-4681 ; 1068-9265
ISSN (online)	1534-4681
ISSN	1068-9265
DOI	10.1245/s10434-023-13901-w
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Article ; Online: Cosmic Birefringence from the Planck Data Release 4.

Diego-Palazuelos, P / Eskilt, J R / Minami, Y / Tristram, M / Sullivan, R M / Banday, A J / Barreiro, R B / Eriksen, H K / Górski, K M / Keskitalo, R / Komatsu, E / Martínez-González, E / Scott, D / Vielva, P / Wehus, I K

Physical review letters

2022 Volume 128, Issue 9, Page(s) 91302

Abstract: We search for the signature of parity-violating physics in the cosmic microwave background, called cosmic birefringence, using the Planck data release 4. We initially find a birefringence angle of β=0.30°±0.11° (68% C.L.) for nearly full-sky data. The ... ...

Abstract	We search for the signature of parity-violating physics in the cosmic microwave background, called cosmic birefringence, using the Planck data release 4. We initially find a birefringence angle of β=0.30°±0.11° (68% C.L.) for nearly full-sky data. The values of β decrease as we enlarge the Galactic mask, which can be interpreted as the effect of polarized foreground emission. Two independent ways to model this effect are used to mitigate the systematic impact on β for different sky fractions. We choose not to assign cosmological significance to the measured value of β until we improve our knowledge of the foreground polarization.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.091302
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Article ; Online: Halogen-atom and group transfer reactivity enabled by hydrogen tunneling.

Constantin, Timothée / Górski, Bartosz / Tilby, Michael J / Chelli, Saloua / Juliá, Fabio / Llaveria, Josep / Gillen, Kevin J / Zipse, Hendrik / Lakhdar, Sami / Leonori, Daniele

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2022 Volume 377, Issue 6612, Page(s) 1323–1328

Abstract: ... of an effective H atom. This activation mechanism is seemingly thermodynamically and kinetically unfavorable ...

Abstract	The generation of carbon radicals by halogen-atom and group transfer reactions is generally achieved using tin and silicon reagents that maximize the interplay of enthalpic (thermodynamic) and polar (kinetic) effects. In this work, we demonstrate a distinct reactivity mode enabled by quantum mechanical tunneling that uses the cyclohexadiene derivative γ-terpinene as the abstractor under mild photochemical conditions. This protocol activates alkyl and aryl halides as well as several alcohol and thiol derivatives. Experimental and computational studies unveiled a noncanonical pathway whereby a cyclohexadienyl radical undergoes concerted aromatization and halogen-atom or group abstraction through the reactivity of an effective H atom. This activation mechanism is seemingly thermodynamically and kinetically unfavorable but is rendered feasible through quantum tunneling.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.abq8663
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Article ; Online: Complete Genomic Sequences of Three Salmonella enterica subsp.

Tran, Thao D / Huynh, Steven / Parker, Craig T / Hnasko, Robert / Gorski, Lisa / Khalsa, Sat Darshan S / Brown, Patrick H / McGarvey, Jeffery A

Microbiology resource announcements

2020 Volume 9, Issue 13

Abstract: We present here the complete genome sequences of ... ...

Abstract	We present here the complete genome sequences of three
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2576-098X
ISSN (online)	2576-098X
DOI	10.1128/MRA.00048-20
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Article ; Online: Correction to: The evolution of the mitochondrial disease diagnostic odyssey.

Thompson, John L P / Karaa, Amel / Pham, Hung / Yeske, Philip / Krischer, Jeffrey / Xiao, Yi / Long, Yuelin / Kramer, Amanda / Dimmock, David / Holbert, Amy / Gorski, Cliff / Engelstad, Kristin M / Buchsbaum, Richard / Rosales, Xiomara Q / Hirano, Michio

Orphanet journal of rare diseases

2023 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 194

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2225857-7
ISSN	1750-1172 ; 1750-1172
ISSN (online)	1750-1172
ISSN	1750-1172
DOI	10.1186/s13023-023-02832-0
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Article ; Online: The evolution of the mitochondrial disease diagnostic odyssey.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases

2023 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 157

Abstract: Background: Mitochondrial diseases often require multiple years and clinicians to diagnose. We lack knowledge of the stages of this diagnostic odyssey, and factors that affect it. Our goals are to report the results of the 2018 Odyssey2 (OD2) survey of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Mitochondrial diseases often require multiple years and clinicians to diagnose. We lack knowledge of the stages of this diagnostic odyssey, and factors that affect it. Our goals are to report the results of the 2018 Odyssey2 (OD2) survey of patients with a medical diagnosis of mitochondrial disease; and to propose steps to reduce the odyssey going forward, and procedures to evaluate them. Methods: Data are from the NIH-funded NAMDC-RDCRN-UMDF OD2 survey (N = 215). The main outcomes are Time from symptom Onset to mitochondrial disease Diagnosis (TOD) and Number of Doctors Seen during this diagnostic process (NDOCS). Results: Expert recoding increased analyzable responses by 34% for final mitochondrial diagnosis and 39% for prior non-mitochondrial diagnosis. Only one of 122 patients who initially saw a primary care physician (PCP) received a mitochondrial diagnosis, compared to 26 of 86 (30%) who initially saw a specialist (p < 0.001). Mean TOD overall was 9.9 ± 13.0 years, and mean NDOCS 6.7 ± 5.2. Mitochondrial diagnosis brings extensive benefits through treatment changes and increased membership in and support of advocacy groups. Conclusions: Because TOD is long and NDOCS high, there is great potential for shortening the mitochondrial odyssey. Although prompt patient contact with primary mitochondrial disease specialists, or early implementation of appropriate tests, may shorten the diagnostic odyssey, specific proposals for improvement require testing and confirmation with adequately complete, unbiased data across all its stages, and appropriate methods. Electronic Health Record (EHRs) may help by accessing diagnostic codes early, but their reliability and diagnostic utility have not been established for this group of diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Mitochondrial Diseases/diagnosis ; Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2225857-7
ISSN	1750-1172 ; 1750-1172
ISSN (online)	1750-1172
ISSN	1750-1172
DOI	10.1186/s13023-023-02754-x
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Article ; Online: Author Correction: Functionally selective signaling and broad metabolic benefits by novel insulin receptor partial agonists.

Nature communications

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 688

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-024-44938-4
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