Article ; Online: Common Mechanisms of Viral Injury to the Kidney.
Advances in chronic kidney disease
2019 Volume 26, Issue 3, Page(s) 164–170
Abstract: Viral infections in an immunocompetent host can cause both acute and chronic kidney diseases, either by direct damage to the infected kidney cells or as a consequence of systemic immune responses that impact the kidneys' function. Viruses have evolved ... ...
| Abstract | Viral infections in an immunocompetent host can cause both acute and chronic kidney diseases, either by direct damage to the infected kidney cells or as a consequence of systemic immune responses that impact the kidneys' function. Viruses have evolved mechanisms to hijack signaling pathways of the infected cell, including the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway to support viral replication, and to evade antiviral immune responses such as those mediated by miR-155 via microRNA mimetics expressed by the virus. At both the cellular and systemic levels, the host has also evolved mechanisms to counter the viral subversion strategies in the evolutionary battle for mutual survival. In the era of genomic medicine, understanding individual genetic variations that lead to differences in susceptibilities to infection and variabilities in immune responses may open new avenues for treatment, such as the recently described functions of apolipoprotein L1 risk alleles in HIV-associated nephropathy. In addition, state-of-the-art high-throughput sequencing methods have discovered new viruses as the cause for chronic diseases not previously attributed to an infection. The potential application of these methods to idiopathic kidney diseases may reveal similar occult infections by unknown viruses. Precision medicine objectives to optimize host-directed and pathogen-directed therapies for kidney diseases associated with infectious causes will only be achieved through detailed understanding of genetic susceptibility associated with immune responses and viral tropism. |
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| MeSH term(s) | AIDS-Associated Nephropathy/genetics ; Acute Kidney Injury/genetics ; Acute Kidney Injury/immunology ; Acute Kidney Injury/virology ; Adaptive Immunity/genetics ; Adaptive Immunity/immunology ; Apolipoprotein L1/genetics ; Autophagic Cell Death ; Cytokines/immunology ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Host Microbial Interactions/immunology ; Humans ; Immune Complex Diseases/immunology ; Immune Complex Diseases/virology ; Immune Evasion ; Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Immunity, Innate/immunology ; Metagenome ; Nephritis, Interstitial/immunology ; Nephritis, Interstitial/virology ; Pyroptosis ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/immunology ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/virology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Viral Tropism ; Virus Diseases/genetics ; Virus Diseases/immunology ; Virus Diseases/virology |
| Chemical Substances | Apolipoprotein L1 ; Cytokines |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2019-06-12 |
| Publishing country | United States |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review |
| ISSN | 1548-5609 ; 1548-5595 |
| ISSN (online) | 1548-5609 |
| ISSN | 1548-5595 |
| DOI | 10.1053/j.ackd.2018.12.002 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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