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  1. Article ; Online: Use of automated haematology analysers for the quality control of blood components for transfusion: Comment on Valina et al. (Transfusion Medicine 2024;34:30-38).

    Farrugia, Albert

    Transfusion medicine (Oxford, England)

    2024  

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 1067989-3
    ISSN 1365-3148 ; 0958-7578
    ISSN (online) 1365-3148
    ISSN 0958-7578
    DOI 10.1111/tme.13046
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: In response: Overestimation of fibrinogen concentration in cryoprecipitate by repeated freeze-thawing with long thawing period as used in the Clauss method.

    Farrugia, Albert

    Transfusion

    2023  Volume 63, Issue 10, Page(s) 2007–2008

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Fibrinogen ; Hemostatics ; Freezing
    Chemical Substances Fibrinogen (9001-32-5) ; Hemostatics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 208417-x
    ISSN 1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
    ISSN (online) 1537-2995
    ISSN 0041-1132
    DOI 10.1111/trf.17527
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The World Health Organisation's list of essential medicines and haemophilia treatment products.

    Farrugia, Albert

    Haemophilia : the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia

    2023  Volume 29, Issue 6, Page(s) 1387–1389

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hemophilia A/drug therapy ; World Health Organization
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1229713-6
    ISSN 1365-2516 ; 1351-8216 ; 1355-0691
    ISSN (online) 1365-2516
    ISSN 1351-8216 ; 1355-0691
    DOI 10.1111/hae.14879
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: The Evolution of the Safety of Plasma Products from Pathogen Transmission-A Continuing Narrative.

    Farrugia, Albert

    Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 2

    Abstract: Chronic recipients of plasma products are at risk of infection from blood-borne pathogens as a result of their inevitable exposure to agents which will contaminate a plasma manufacturing pool made up of thousands of individual donations. The generation ... ...

    Abstract Chronic recipients of plasma products are at risk of infection from blood-borne pathogens as a result of their inevitable exposure to agents which will contaminate a plasma manufacturing pool made up of thousands of individual donations. The generation of such a pool is an essential part of the large-scale manufacture of these products and is required for good manufacturing practice (GMP). Early observations of the transmission of hepatitis by pooled plasma and serum led to the incorporation of heat treatment of the albumin solution produced by industrial Cohn fractionation of plasma. This led to an absence of pathogen transmission by albumin over decades, during which hepatitis continued to be transmitted by other early plasma fractions, as well as through mainstream blood transfusions. This risk was decreased greatly over the 1960s as an understanding of the epidemiology and viral aetiology of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis led to the exclusion of high-risk groups from the donor population and the development of a blood screening test for hepatitis B. Despite these measures, the first plasma concentrates to treat haemophilia transmitted hepatitis B and other, poorly understood, forms of parenterally transmitted hepatitis. These risks were considered to be acceptable given the life-saving nature of the haemophilia treatment products. The emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as a transfusion-transmitted infection in the early 1980s shifted the focus of attention to this virus, which proved to be vulnerable to a number of inactivation methods introduced during manufacture. Further developments in the field obviated the risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) which had also infected chronic recipients of plasma products, including haemophilia patients and immunodeficient patients receiving immunoglobulin. The convergence of appropriate donor selection driven by knowledge of viral epidemiology, the development of blood screening now based on molecular diagnostics, and the incorporation of viral inactivation techniques in the manufacturing process are now recognised as constituting a "safety tripod" of measures contributing to safety from pathogen transmission. Of these three components, viral inactivation during manufacture is the major contributor and has proven to be the bulwark securing the safety of plasma derivatives over the past thirty years. Concurrently, the safety of banked blood and components continues to depend on donor selection and screening, in the absence of universally adopted pathogen reduction technology. This has resulted in an inversion in the relative safety of the products of blood banking compared to plasma products. Overall, the experience gained in the past decades has resulted in an absence of pathogen transmission from the current generation of plasma derivatives, but maintaining vigilance, and the surveillance of the emergence of infectious agents, is vital to ensure the continued efficacy of the measures in place and the development of further interventions aimed at obviating safety threats.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2695572-6
    ISSN 2076-0817
    ISSN 2076-0817
    DOI 10.3390/pathogens12020318
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Fresh frozen plasma: Beyond coagulation factor content.

    Farrugia, Albert

    Transfusion medicine (Oxford, England)

    2022  Volume 32, Issue 2, Page(s) 178–179

    MeSH term(s) Blood Coagulation Factors ; Blood Coagulation Tests ; Humans ; Plasma
    Chemical Substances Blood Coagulation Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 1067989-3
    ISSN 1365-3148 ; 0958-7578
    ISSN (online) 1365-3148
    ISSN 0958-7578
    DOI 10.1111/tme.12850
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Appropriately specifying the quality of plasma for fractionation.

    Farrugia, Albert

    Vox sanguinis

    2021  Volume 117, Issue 3, Page(s) 459

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Quality Control ; Plasma ; Chemical Fractionation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 80313-3
    ISSN 1423-0410 ; 0042-9007
    ISSN (online) 1423-0410
    ISSN 0042-9007
    DOI 10.1111/vox.13186
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Storage of cryoprecipitate: Role of blood storage.

    Farrugia, Albert

    Transfusion

    2021  Volume 61, Issue 9, Page(s) 2800–2801

    MeSH term(s) Blood Preservation ; Factor VIII ; Fibrinogen ; Humans
    Chemical Substances Factor VIII (9001-27-8) ; Fibrinogen (9001-32-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 208417-x
    ISSN 1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
    ISSN (online) 1537-2995
    ISSN 0041-1132
    DOI 10.1111/trf.16591
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Albumin in plasma exchange - A rethink is required.

    Farrugia, Albert

    Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis

    2021  Volume 60, Issue 5, Page(s) 103175

    MeSH term(s) Albumins ; Humans ; Plasma Exchange ; Plasmapheresis
    Chemical Substances Albumins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2046795-3
    ISSN 1878-1683 ; 1473-0502
    ISSN (online) 1878-1683
    ISSN 1473-0502
    DOI 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103175
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: The safety of plasma-derived haemophilia factor concentrates - comments on "Deep viral metagenomics in patients with haemophilia receiving plasma-derived coagulation factor concentrates" Nunes Valença I et al. (2021). Deep viral metagenomics in patients with haemophilia receiving plasma-derived coagulation factor concentrates. Haemophilia. https://doi.org/10.1111/hae.14382.

    Farrugia, Albert

    Haemophilia : the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia

    2021  Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) e760–e761

    MeSH term(s) Blood Coagulation Factors/therapeutic use ; Factor VIII ; Hemophilia A/drug therapy ; Humans ; Metagenomics ; Plasma
    Chemical Substances Blood Coagulation Factors ; Factor VIII (9001-27-8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1229713-6
    ISSN 1365-2516 ; 1351-8216 ; 1355-0691
    ISSN (online) 1365-2516
    ISSN 1351-8216 ; 1355-0691
    DOI 10.1111/hae.14400
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: The interphase between immunoglobulin, the plasma industry and the public health, managing a finite resource.

    Farrugia, Albert

    Transfusion clinique et biologique : journal de la Societe francaise de transfusion sanguine

    2020  Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 86–88

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains ; Interphase ; Public Health
    Chemical Substances Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-13
    Publishing country France
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 1204698-x
    ISSN 1953-8022 ; 1246-7820
    ISSN (online) 1953-8022
    ISSN 1246-7820
    DOI 10.1016/j.tracli.2020.12.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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