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Article ; Online: Similar photosynthetic but different yield responses of C

Li, Shuai / Leakey, Andrew D B / Moller, Christopher A / Montes, Christopher M / Sacks, Erik J / Lee, DoKyoung / Ainsworth, Elizabeth A

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2023 Volume 120, Issue 46, Page(s) e2313591120

Abstract: The deleterious effects of ozone ( ... ...

Abstract	The deleterious effects of ozone (O
MeSH term(s)	Photosynthesis/physiology ; Chlorophyll ; Plant Leaves/physiology ; Poaceae ; Zea mays/physiology ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics ; Oryza/genetics ; Ozone ; Carbon Dioxide/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Chlorophyll (1406-65-1) ; Ozone (66H7ZZK23N) ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2313591120
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Article ; Online: Testing unified theories for ozone response in C

Li, Shuai / Moller, Christopher A / Mitchell, Noah G / Lee, DoKyoung / Sacks, Erik J / Ainsworth, Elizabeth A

Global change biology

2022 Volume 28, Issue 10, Page(s) 3379–3393

Abstract: There is tremendous interspecific variability in ... ...

Abstract	There is tremendous interspecific variability in O
MeSH term(s)	Ozone ; Photosynthesis/physiology ; Plant Leaves/physiology ; Zea mays/genetics
Chemical Substances	Ozone (66H7ZZK23N)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.16108
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Article ; Online: The leaf economics spectrum of triploid and tetraploid C<sub>4</sub> grass Miscanthus x giganteus.

Li, Shuai / Moller, Christopher A / Mitchell, Noah G / Martin, Duncan G / Sacks, Erik J / Saikia, Sampurna / Labonte, Nicholas R / Baldwin, Brian S / Morrison, Jesse I / Ferguson, John N / Leakey, Andrew D B / Ainsworth, Elizabeth A

Plant, cell & environment

2022 Volume 45, Issue 12, Page(s) 3462–3475

Abstract: ... physiological and chemical traits, originally based on diverse C₃ species grown under natural ... ecosystems. However, the specific contribution of C₄ species to the global LES is studied less ... widely. C₄ species have a CO₂ concentrating mechanism which drives high rates ...

Abstract	The leaf economics spectrum (LES) describes multivariate correlations in leaf structural, physiological and chemical traits, originally based on diverse C<sub>3</sub> species grown under natural ecosystems. However, the specific contribution of C<sub>4</sub> species to the global LES is studied less widely. C<sub>4</sub> species have a CO<sub>2</sub> concentrating mechanism which drives high rates of photosynthesis and improves resource use efficiency, thus potentially pushing them towards the edge of the LES. Here, we measured foliage morphology, structure, photosynthesis, and nutrient content for hundreds of genotypes of the C<sub>4</sub> grass Miscanthus× giganteus grown in two common gardens over two seasons. We show substantial trait variations across M.× giganteus genotypes and robust genotypic trait relationships. Compared to the global LES, M.× giganteus genotypes had higher photosynthetic rates, lower stomatal conductance, and less nitrogen content, indicating greater water and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in the C<sub>4</sub> species. Additionally, tetraploid genotypes produced thicker leaves with greater leaf mass per area and lower leaf density than triploid genotypes. By expanding the LES relationships across C<sub>3</sub> species to include C<sub>4</sub> crops, these findings highlight that M.× giganteus occupies the boundary of the global LES and suggest the potential for ploidy to alter LES traits.
MeSH term(s)	Poaceae/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Tetraploidy ; Triploidy ; Photosynthesis/physiology ; Plant Leaves/physiology ; Nitrogen
Chemical Substances	Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	391893-2
ISSN	1365-3040 ; 0140-7791
ISSN (online)	1365-3040
ISSN	0140-7791
DOI	10.1111/pce.14433
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Article ; Online: Development and clinical validation of the Genedrive point-of-care test for qualitative detection of hepatitis C virus.

Gut

2018 Volume 67, Issue 11, Page(s) 2017–2024

Abstract: ... hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The major clinical challenge remains to identify the undiagnosed patients ...

Abstract	Objective: Recently approved direct acting antivirals provide transformative therapies for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The major clinical challenge remains to identify the undiagnosed patients worldwide, many of whom live in low-income and middle-income countries, where access to nucleic acid testing remains limited. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a point-of-care (PoC) assay for the qualitative detection of HCV RNA. Design: We developed a PoC assay for the qualitative detection of HCV RNA on the PCR Genedrive instrument. We validated the Genedrive HCV assay through a case-control study comparing results with those obtained with the Abbott RealTi Results: The PoC assay identified all major HCV genotypes, with a limit of detection of 2362 IU/mL (95% CI 1966 to 2788). Using 422 patients chronically infected with HCV and 503 controls negative for anti-HCV and HCV RNA, the Genedrive HCV assay showed 98.6% sensitivity (95% CI 96.9% to 99.5%) and 100% specificity (95% CI 99.3% to 100%) to detect HCV. In addition, melting peak ratiometric analysis demonstrated proof-of-principle for semiquantification of HCV. The test was further validated in a real clinical setting in a resource-limited country. Conclusion: We report a rapid, simple, portable and accurate PoC molecular test for HCV, with sensitivity and specificity that fulfils the recent FIND/WHO Target Product Profile for HCV decentralised testing in low-income and middle-income countries. This Genedrive HCV assay may positively impact the continuum of HCV care from screening to cure by supporting real-time treatment decisions. Trial registration number: NCT02992184 .
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus/genetics ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Viral Load/methods
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Validation Study
ZDB-ID	80128-8
ISSN	1468-3288 ; 0017-5749
ISSN (online)	1468-3288
ISSN	0017-5749
DOI	10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315783
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Article ; Online: Absence of Relationship Between Crohn's Disease Activity Index or C-Reactive Protein and Infliximab Exposure Calls for Objective Crohn's Disease Activity Measures for the Evaluation of Treatment Effects at Treatment Failure.

Edlund, Helena / Grisic, Ana-Marija / Steenholdt, Casper / Ainsworth, Mark A / Brynskov, Jørn / Huisinga, Wilhelm / Kloft, Charlotte

Therapeutic drug monitoring

2019 Volume 41, Issue 2, Page(s) 235–242

Abstract: ... Crohn's disease activity index" (CDAI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) to IFX exposure. In addition, we aim ...

Abstract	Background: Circulating infliximab (IFX) concentrations correlate with clinical outcomes, forming the basis of the IFX concentration monitoring in patients with Crohn's disease. This study aims to investigate and refine the exposure-response relationship by linking the disease activity markers "Crohn's disease activity index" (CDAI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) to IFX exposure. In addition, we aim to explore the correlations between different disease markers and exposure metrics. Methods: Data from 47 Crohn's disease patients of a randomized controlled trial were analyzed post hoc. All patients had secondary treatment failure at inclusion and had received intensified IFX of 5 mg/kg every 4 weeks for up to 20 weeks. Graphical analyses were performed to explore exposure-response relationships. Metrics of exposure included area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and trough concentrations (Cmin). Disease activity was measured by CDAI and CRP values, their change from baseline/last visit, and response/remission outcomes at week 12. Results: Although trends toward lower Cmin and lower AUC in nonresponders were observed, neither CDAI nor CRP showed consistent trends of lower disease activity with higher IFX exposure across the 30 evaluated relationships. As can be expected, Cmin and AUC were strongly correlated with each other. Contrarily, the disease activity markers were only weakly correlated with each other. Conclusions: No significant relationship between disease activity, as evaluated by CDAI or CRP, and IFX exposure was identified. AUC did not add benefit compared with Cmin. These findings support the continued use of Cmin and call for stringent objective disease activity (bio-)markers (eg, endoscopy) to form the basis of personalized IFX therapy for Crohn's disease patients with IFX treatment failure.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Biomarkers/blood ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; C-Reactive Protein/metabolism ; Crohn Disease/blood ; Crohn Disease/drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infliximab/blood ; Infliximab/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Single-Blind Method ; Treatment Failure ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4) ; Infliximab (B72HH48FLU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	424443-6
ISSN	1536-3694 ; 0163-4356
ISSN (online)	1536-3694
ISSN	0163-4356
DOI	10.1097/FTD.0000000000000590
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Article ; Online: Tropical diseases move north.

Ainsworth, Claire

Nature

2023

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	News
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/d41586-023-03476-7
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Article ; Online: Association of Natural Killer Cell Ligand Polymorphism HLA-C Asn80Lys With the Development of Anti-SSA/Ro-Associated Congenital Heart Block.

Ainsworth, Hannah C / Marion, Miranda C / Bertero, Tiziana / Brucato, Antonio / Cimaz, Rolando / Costedoat-Chalumeau, Nathalie / Fredi, Micaela / Gaffney, Patrick / Kelly, Jennifer / Levesque, Kateri / Maltret, Alice / Morel, Nathalie / Ramoni, Veronique / Ruffatti, Amelia / Langefeld, Carl D / Buyon, Jill P / Clancy, Robert M

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)

2017 Volume 69, Issue 11, Page(s) 2170–2174

Abstract: ... of HLA-C Asn80Lys, which binds with high affinity to an inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor ... on the Immunochip single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray. Imputation was used to identify associations at HLA-C ...

Abstract	Objective: Fetal exposure to maternal anti-SSA/Ro antibodies is necessary but not sufficient for the development of autoimmune congenital heart block (CHB), suggesting that other factors, such as fetal genetic predisposition, are important. Given the previously described association between major histocompatibility complex alleles and CHB risk, we undertook the present study to test the hypothesis that a variant form of HLA-C Asn80Lys, which binds with high affinity to an inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and thus renders natural killer (NK) cells incapable of restricting inflammation, contributes to the development of CHB. Methods: Members of 192 pedigrees in the US and Europe (194 cases of CHB, 91 unaffected siblings, 152 fathers, 167 mothers) and 1,073 out-of-study controls were genotyped on the Immunochip single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray. Imputation was used to identify associations at HLA-C Asn80Lys (Asn, C1; Lys, C2) and KIR. Tests for association were performed using logistic regression. McNemar's test and the pedigree disequilibrium test (PDT) were used for matched analyses between affected and unaffected children. Results: Compared with out-of-study controls of the same sex, the C2 allele was less frequent in the mothers (odds ratio [OR] 0.63, P = 0.0014) and more frequent in the fathers (OR 1.40, P = 0.0123), yielding a significant sex-by-C2 interaction (P = 0.0002). The C2 allele was more frequent in affected siblings than in unaffected siblings (OR 3.67, P = 0.0025), which was consistent with the PDT results (P = 0.016); these results were observed in both sexes and across the US and European cohorts. There was no difference in the frequency of the inhibitory KIR genotype (KIR AA) between affected and unaffected children (P = 0.55). Conclusion: These data establish C2 as a novel genetic risk factor associated with CHB. This observation supports a model in which fetuses with C2 ligand expression and maternal anti-SSA/Ro positivity may have impaired NK cell surveillance, resulting in unchecked cardiac inflammation and scarring.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Antinuclear/immunology ; Case-Control Studies ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Europe ; Fathers ; Female ; Genotype ; HLA-C Antigens/genetics ; Heart Block/congenital ; Heart Block/genetics ; Heart Block/immunology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mothers ; Odds Ratio ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sex Factors ; Siblings ; United States
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Antinuclear ; HLA-C Antigens ; SS-A antibodies
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2756371-6
ISSN	2326-5205 ; 2326-5191
ISSN (online)	2326-5205
ISSN	2326-5191
DOI	10.1002/art.40228
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Article: Some Thoughts Regarding Methods, and a New Appliance for Moving Dislocated Teeth into Position.

Ainsworth, George C

International dental journal (Philadelphia, Pa.)

2023 Volume 25, Issue 7, Page(s) 481–495

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1069-0441
ISSN	1069-0441
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Article ; Online: Three ways genomics is already helping NHS patients-and three ways it will soon.

Ainsworth, Claire

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

2022 Volume 379, Page(s) o2643

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; State Medicine ; Genomics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1362901-3
ISSN	1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
ISSN (online)	1756-1833
ISSN	0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
DOI	10.1136/bmj.o2643
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Article ; Online: Destigmatizing hepatitis B.

Ainsworth, Claire

Nature

2022 Volume 603, Issue 7903, Page(s) S54–S56

MeSH term(s)	Hepatitis B/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B/prevention & control ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/d41586-022-00816-x
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