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  1. Article ; Online: An Improvised Bite-Block Apparatus to Prevent Oral Mucosa Damage in Electroconvulsive Therapy.

    Wiegand, Christopher B / Howell, Stephen

    The journal of ECT

    2022  Volume 38, Issue 3, Page(s) 148

    MeSH term(s) Electroconvulsive Therapy ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Mouth Mucosa
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1426385-3
    ISSN 1533-4112 ; 1095-0680
    ISSN (online) 1533-4112
    ISSN 1095-0680
    DOI 10.1097/YCT.0000000000000842
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book: Introduction to restoration ecology

    Howell, Evelyn A. / Harrington, John A. / Glass, Stephen B.

    2012  

    Author's details Evelyn A. Howell ; John A. Harrington ; Stephen B. Glass
    Keywords Restoration ecology
    Subject code 639.9
    Language English
    Size XV, 418 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt., 27 cm
    Publisher Island Press
    Publishing place Washington, DC u.a.
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    Note Includes bibliographical references (p. 401-406) and index
    HBZ-ID HT017082399
    ISBN 978-1-59726-189-0 ; 1-59726-189-0
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  3. Article ; Online: Luxeptinib interferes with LYN-mediated activation of SYK and modulates BCR signaling in lymphoma.

    Sonowal, Himangshu / Rice, William G / Howell, Stephen B

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) e0277003

    Abstract: Luxeptinib (LUX) is a novel oral kinase inhibitor that inhibits FLT3 and also interferes with signaling from the BCR and cell surface TLRs, as well as activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Ongoing clinical trials are testing its activity in patients with ...

    Abstract Luxeptinib (LUX) is a novel oral kinase inhibitor that inhibits FLT3 and also interferes with signaling from the BCR and cell surface TLRs, as well as activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Ongoing clinical trials are testing its activity in patients with lymphoma and AML. This study sought to refine understanding of how LUX modulates the earliest steps downstream of the BCR following its activation by anti-IgM in lymphoma cells in comparison to ibrutinib (IB). LUX decreased anti-IgM-induced phosphorylation of BTK at Y551 and Y223 but its ability to reduce phosphorylation of kinases further upstream suggests that BTK is not the primary target. LUX was more effective than IB at reducing both steady state and anti-IgM-induced phosphorylation of LYN and SYK. LUX decreased phosphorylation of SYK (Y525/Y526) and BLNK (Y96) which are necessary regulators of BTK activation. Further upstream, LUX blunted the anti-IgM-induced phosphorylation of LYN (Y397) whose activation is required for phosphorylation of SYK and BLNK. These results indicate that LUX is targeting autophosphorylation of LYN or a step further upstream of LYN in the cascade of signal generated by BCR and that it does so more effectively than IB. The fact that LUX has activity at or upstream of LYN is important because LYN is an essential signaling intermediate in multiple cellular signaling processes that regulate growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immunoregulation, migration and EMT in normal and cancer cells.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; src-Family Kinases/metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism ; Syk Kinase/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Phosphorylation ; Lymphoma/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Protein-Tyrosine Kinases (EC 2.7.10.1) ; src-Family Kinases (EC 2.7.10.2) ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell ; Syk Kinase (EC 2.7.10.2) ; SYK protein, human (EC 2.7.10.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0277003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Luxeptinib interferes with LYN-mediated activation of SYK and modulates BCR signaling in lymphoma.

    Himangshu Sonowal / William G Rice / Stephen B Howell

    PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 3, p e

    2023  Volume 0277003

    Abstract: Luxeptinib (LUX) is a novel oral kinase inhibitor that inhibits FLT3 and also interferes with signaling from the BCR and cell surface TLRs, as well as activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Ongoing clinical trials are testing its activity in patients with ...

    Abstract Luxeptinib (LUX) is a novel oral kinase inhibitor that inhibits FLT3 and also interferes with signaling from the BCR and cell surface TLRs, as well as activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Ongoing clinical trials are testing its activity in patients with lymphoma and AML. This study sought to refine understanding of how LUX modulates the earliest steps downstream of the BCR following its activation by anti-IgM in lymphoma cells in comparison to ibrutinib (IB). LUX decreased anti-IgM-induced phosphorylation of BTK at Y551 and Y223 but its ability to reduce phosphorylation of kinases further upstream suggests that BTK is not the primary target. LUX was more effective than IB at reducing both steady state and anti-IgM-induced phosphorylation of LYN and SYK. LUX decreased phosphorylation of SYK (Y525/Y526) and BLNK (Y96) which are necessary regulators of BTK activation. Further upstream, LUX blunted the anti-IgM-induced phosphorylation of LYN (Y397) whose activation is required for phosphorylation of SYK and BLNK. These results indicate that LUX is targeting autophosphorylation of LYN or a step further upstream of LYN in the cascade of signal generated by BCR and that it does so more effectively than IB. The fact that LUX has activity at or upstream of LYN is important because LYN is an essential signaling intermediate in multiple cellular signaling processes that regulate growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immunoregulation, migration and EMT in normal and cancer cells.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article: Optimized 18F-FDG PET-CT Method to Improve Accuracy of Diagnosis of Metastatic Cancer.

    Black, Richard / Barentsz, Jelle / Howell, David / Bostwick, David G / Strum, Stephen B

    Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 9

    Abstract: The diagnosis of cancer by FDG PET-CT is often inaccurate owing to subjectivity of interpretation. We compared the accuracy of a novel normalized (standardized) method of interpretation with conventional non-normalized SUV. Patients ( ...

    Abstract The diagnosis of cancer by FDG PET-CT is often inaccurate owing to subjectivity of interpretation. We compared the accuracy of a novel normalized (standardized) method of interpretation with conventional non-normalized SUV. Patients (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662336-5
    ISSN 2075-4418
    ISSN 2075-4418
    DOI 10.3390/diagnostics13091580
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Evolution of the unfolded protein response in plants.

    Howell, Stephen H

    Plant, cell & environment

    2021  Volume 44, Issue 8, Page(s) 2625–2635

    Abstract: ... IRE1 gene required for viability in rice, while dicots have two IRE1 genes, IRE1a and -b. Brassicas ...

    Abstract The unfolded protein response (UPR) in plants is elicited by endoplasmic reticulum stress, which can be brought about by adverse environmental conditions. The response is mediated by a conserved signalling network composed of two branches - one branch involving inositol requiring enzyme1- basic leucine zipper60 (IRE1-bZIP60) signalling pathway and another branch involving the membrane transcription factors, bZIP17 and -28. The UPR has been reported in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga, which lacks some canonical UPR signalling components found in vascular plants, raising the question whether C. reinhardtii uses other means such as oxidative signalling or Regulated IRE1-Dependent Decay to activate the UPR. In vascular plants, IRE1 splices bZIP60 mRNA in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress by cutting at a site in the RNA that is highly conserved in structure and sequence. Monocots have a single IRE1 gene required for viability in rice, while dicots have two IRE1 genes, IRE1a and -b. Brassicas have a third IRE1 gene, IRE1c, which lacks a lumenal domain, but is required in combination with IRE1b for gametogenesis. Vascular and non-vascular plants upregulate a similar set of genes in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress despite differences in the complexity of their UPR signalling networks.
    MeSH term(s) Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Proteins/genetics ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Plants/genetics ; Plants/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/genetics ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Unfolded Protein Response/physiology
    Chemical Substances Arabidopsis Proteins ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; Plant Proteins ; bZIP60 protein, Arabidopsis ; Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.-) ; Ire1-1 protein, Arabidopsis (EC 2.7.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 391893-2
    ISSN 1365-3040 ; 0140-7791
    ISSN (online) 1365-3040
    ISSN 0140-7791
    DOI 10.1111/pce.14063
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Exploiting the Receptor-Binding Domains of R-Spondin 1 to Target Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containin G-Coupled Protein Receptor 5-Expressing Stem Cells in Ovarian Cancer.

    Wong, Clara / Mulero, Maria Carmen / Barth, Erika I / Wang, Katherine / Shang, Xiying / Tikle, Sanika / Rice, Catherine / Gately, Dennis / Howell, Stephen B

    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics

    2023  Volume 385, Issue 2, Page(s) 95–105

    Abstract: Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor (LGR5) and LGR6 mark epithelial stem cells in normal tissues and tumors. They are expressed by stem cells in the ovarian surface and fallopian tube epithelia from which ovarian cancer arises. High- ...

    Abstract Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor (LGR5) and LGR6 mark epithelial stem cells in normal tissues and tumors. They are expressed by stem cells in the ovarian surface and fallopian tube epithelia from which ovarian cancer arises. High-grade serous ovarian cancer is unique in expressing unusually high levels of LGR5 and LGR6 mRNA. R-spondins are the natural ligands for LGR5 and LGR6 to which they bind with nanomolar affinity. To target stem cells in ovarian cancer, we used the sortase reaction to site-specifically conjugate the potent cytotoxin monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) via a protease sensitive linker to the two furin-like domains of RSPO1 (Fu
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Leucine ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Stem Cells/metabolism ; Thrombospondins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Leucine (GMW67QNF9C) ; Peptide Hydrolases (EC 3.4.-) ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Thrombospondins ; LGR5 protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3106-9
    ISSN 1521-0103 ; 0022-3565
    ISSN (online) 1521-0103
    ISSN 0022-3565
    DOI 10.1124/jpet.122.001495
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Technical note: Radiological clinical equivalence for phantom materials in carbon ion therapy.

    Taylor, Paige A / Mirandola, Alfredo / Ciocca, Mario / Hartzell, Shannon / Vai, Alessandro / Alvarez, Paola / Howell, Rebecca M / Koay, Eugene J / Peeler, Christopher R / Peterson, Christine B / Kry, Stephen F

    Medical physics

    2024  

    Abstract: Purpose: As carbon ion radiotherapy increases in use, there are limited phantom materials for heterogeneous or anthropomorphic phantom measurements. This work characterized the radiological clinical equivalence of several phantom materials in a ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: As carbon ion radiotherapy increases in use, there are limited phantom materials for heterogeneous or anthropomorphic phantom measurements. This work characterized the radiological clinical equivalence of several phantom materials in a therapeutic carbon ion beam.
    Methods: Eight materials were tested for radiological material-equivalence in a carbon ion beam. The materials were computed tomography (CT)-scanned to obtain Hounsfield unit (HU) values, then irradiated in a monoenergetic carbon ion beam to determine relative linear stopping power (RLSP). The corresponding HU and RLSP for each phantom material were compared to clinical carbon ion calibration curves. For absorbed dose comparison, ion chamber measurements were made in the center of a carbon ion spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) in water and in the phantom material, evaluating whether the material perturbed the absorbed dose measurement beyond what was predicted by the HU-RLSP relationship.
    Results: Polyethylene, solid water (Gammex and Sun Nuclear), Blue Water (Standard Imaging), and Techtron HPV had measured RLSP values that agreed within ±4.2% of RLSP values predicted by the clinical calibration curve. Measured RLSP for acrylic was 7.2% different from predicted. The agreement for balsa wood and cork varied between samples. Ion chamber measurements in the phantom materials were within 0.1% of ion chamber measurements in water for most materials (solid water, Blue Water, polyethylene, and acrylic), and within 1.9% for the rest of the materials (balsa wood, cork, and Techtron HPV).
    Conclusions: Several phantom materials (Blue Water, polyethylene, solid water [Gammex and Sun Nuclear], and Techtron HPV) are suitable for heterogeneous phantom measurements for carbon ion therapy. Low density materials should be carefully characterized due to inconsistencies between samples.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 188780-4
    ISSN 2473-4209 ; 0094-2405
    ISSN (online) 2473-4209
    ISSN 0094-2405
    DOI 10.1002/mp.17056
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: OSLD nanoDot characterization for carbon radiotherapy dosimetry.

    Taylor, Paige / Hartzell, Shannon / Mirandola, Alfredo / Ciocca, Mario / Magro, Giuseppe / Alvarez, Paola / Peterson, Christine B / Peeler, Christopher R / Koay, Eugene J / Howell, Rebecca M / Kry, Stephen F

    Physics in medicine and biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Objective: This study characterized OSLD nanoDots for use in a therapeutic carbon beam using the IROC framework for remote output verification. Approach: The absorbed dose correction factors for OSLD (fading, linearity, beam quality, angularity, and ... ...

    Abstract Objective: This study characterized OSLD nanoDots for use in a therapeutic carbon beam using the IROC framework for remote output verification. Approach: The absorbed dose correction factors for OSLD (fading, linearity, beam quality, angularity, and depletion), as defined by AAPM TG 191, were characterized for carbon beams. For the various correction factors, the effect of carbon LET was examined by characterizing in both a low and high LET setting. Main Results: Fading was not statistically different between reference photons and carbon, nor between low and high LET carbon; thus, the standard IROC-defined exponential function could be used to characterize fading. Dose linearity was characterized with a linear fit; while low and high LET carbon linearity was different, these differences were small and could be rolled into the uncertainty budget if using a single linearity correction. A linear fit between beam quality and dose-averaged LET was determined. The OSLD response at various angles of incidence was not statistically different, thus a correction factor need not be applied. There was a difference in depletion between low and high LET carbon irradiations, but this difference was small over the standard five readings. The largest uncertainty associated with the use of OSLDs in carbon was because of the kQ, with an uncertainty of 6.0%. The overall uncertainty budget was 6.3% for standard irradiation conditions. Significance: OSLD nanoDot response was characterized in a therapeutic carbon beam. The uncertainty was larger than for traditional photon applications. These findings enable the use of OSLDs for carbon absorbed dose measurements, but with less accuracy than conventional OSLD audit programs. .
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208857-5
    ISSN 1361-6560 ; 0031-9155
    ISSN (online) 1361-6560
    ISSN 0031-9155
    DOI 10.1088/1361-6560/ad43ac
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Characterizing the interplay of treatment parameters and complexity and their impact on performance on an IROC IMRT phantom using machine learning.

    Mehrens, Hunter / Molineu, Andrea / Hernandez, Nadia / Court, Laurence / Howell, Rebecca / Jaffray, David / Peterson, Christine B / Pollard-Larkin, Julianne / Kry, Stephen F

    Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology

    2023  Volume 182, Page(s) 109577

    Abstract: Aim of the study: To elucidate the important factors and their interplay that drive performance on IMRT phantoms from the Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core (IROC).: Methods: IROC's IMRT head and neck phantom contains two targets and an organ at ... ...

    Abstract Aim of the study: To elucidate the important factors and their interplay that drive performance on IMRT phantoms from the Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core (IROC).
    Methods: IROC's IMRT head and neck phantom contains two targets and an organ at risk. Point and 2D dose are measured by TLDs and film, respectively. 1,542 irradiations between 2012-2020 were retrospectively analyzed based on output parameters, complexity metrics, and treatment parameters. Univariate analysis compared parameters based on pass/fail, and random forest modeling was used to predict output parameters and determine the underlying importance of the variables.
    Results: The average phantom pass rate was 92% and has not significantly improved over time. The step-and-shoot irradiation technique had significantly lower pass rates that significantly affected other treatment parameters' pass rates. The complexity of plans has significantly increased with time, and all aperture-based complexity metrics (except MCS) were associated with the probability of failure. Random forest-based prediction of failure had an accuracy of 98% on held-out test data not used in model training. While complexity metrics were the most important contributors, the specific metric depended on the set of treatment parameters used during the irradiation.
    Conclusion: With the prevalence of errors in radiotherapy, understanding which parameters affect treatment delivery is vital to improve patient treatment. Complexity metrics were strongly predictive of irradiation failure; however, they are dependent on the specific treatment parameters. In addition, the use of one complexity metric is insufficient to monitor all aspects of the treatment plan.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/methods ; Radiation Oncology ; Retrospective Studies ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Machine Learning
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-24
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 605646-5
    ISSN 1879-0887 ; 0167-8140
    ISSN (online) 1879-0887
    ISSN 0167-8140
    DOI 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109577
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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