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  1. Article ; Online: Understanding the State of Quality Improvement Education for Pediatric Infectious Diseases Trainees.

    Naureckas Li, Caitlin / Heald-Sargent, Taylor / Mithal, Leena B

    Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 252–253

    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Quality Improvement ; Communicable Diseases ; Curriculum ; Educational Status ; Infectious Disease Medicine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 2668791-4
    ISSN 2048-7207 ; 2048-7193
    ISSN (online) 2048-7207
    ISSN 2048-7193
    DOI 10.1093/jpids/piad012
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  2. Article: The Burden of Pediatric Encephalitis in the United States.

    Mithal, Leena B

    Pediatric neurology briefs

    2016  Volume 30, Issue 10, Page(s) 38

    Abstract: Investigators from the University of Maryland, University of Colorado, and Arkansas Children's Hospital studied the epidemiology, management and resource utilization of children admitted to hospitals in the United States with encephalitis. ...

    Abstract Investigators from the University of Maryland, University of Colorado, and Arkansas Children's Hospital studied the epidemiology, management and resource utilization of children admitted to hospitals in the United States with encephalitis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-09-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ISSN 1043-3155
    ISSN 1043-3155
    DOI 10.15844/pedneurbriefs-30-10-1
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  3. Article ; Online: Antibiotic choice for Group B Streptococcus prophylaxis in mothers with reported penicillin allergy and associated newborn outcomes.

    Snider, Josephine B / Mithal, Leena B / Kwah, Jason H / Rhodes, Nathaniel J / Son, Moeun

    BMC pregnancy and childbirth

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 400

    Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the choice of antibiotic used for intrapartum Group B Streptococcus (GBS ...

    Abstract Objective: To evaluate the choice of antibiotic used for intrapartum Group B Streptococcus (GBS) prophylaxis in pregnant individuals with reported penicillin allergies compared to those without reported penicillin allergies and investigate whether there are associated differences in neonatal outcomes.
    Study design: This retrospective cohort study included mother-infant dyads of GBS positive pregnant individuals who labored and delivered newborns ≥ 35 weeks of gestation at a high-volume urban hospital (2005-2018). The type of antibiotic administered to the mothers for GBS prophylaxis (beta-lactam prophylaxis defined as penicillin-class drug or cefazolin; alternative prophylaxis defined as vancomycin or clindamycin) was compared between those with a penicillin allergy documented in their medical record versus those who did not. Neonatal outcomes included number of postnatal blood draws, antibiotic administration, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, bacteremia, and hospital length of stay and were compared between groups. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed.
    Results: Of 11,334 mother-infant pairs, 1170 (10.3%) mothers had a penicillin allergy documented in their medical record. Of them, 49 (4.2%) received a penicillin, 259 (22.1%) received cefazolin, 449 (38.4%) received clindamycin, and 413 (35.3%) received vancomycin. Patients with a reported penicillin allergy were significantly more likely to receive alternative GBS prophylaxis compared to those without penicillin allergy (73.7% vs. 0.2%, p < 0.01). Neonates of patients who received alternative GBS prophylaxis were significantly more likely to undergo a postnatal lab draw compared to neonates of patients who received beta-lactam antibiotics (20.8% vs. 17.3%, OR 1.25 (95% CI 1.08-1.46)). This significant association persisted after adjusting for potential confounders (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06-1.43). There were no other significant differences seen in other newborn outcomes.
    Conclusion: Pregnant individuals who report a penicillin allergy were more likely to receive alternative antibiotics for GBS prophylaxis compared to those without a penicillin allergy. This was associated with an increased frequency of postnatal blood draws among neonates of mothers with a reported penicillin allergy. Administration of alternative intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis with vancomycin or clindamycin is common in individuals with self-reported penicillin allergy, and maternal alternative antibiotic administration may impact neonatal care, particularly via increased lab draws.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis/adverse effects ; Cefazolin/adverse effects ; Clindamycin ; Drug Hypersensitivity/etiology ; Drug Hypersensitivity/prevention & control ; Hypersensitivity ; Mothers ; Penicillins/adverse effects ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Streptococcal Infections/prevention & control ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; Vancomycin/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cefazolin (IHS69L0Y4T) ; Clindamycin (3U02EL437C) ; Penicillins ; Vancomycin (6Q205EH1VU)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2059869-5
    ISSN 1471-2393 ; 1471-2393
    ISSN (online) 1471-2393
    ISSN 1471-2393
    DOI 10.1186/s12884-023-05697-0
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  4. Article ; Online: Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Epidemiology, Timely Diagnosis, and Management.

    Jenks, Carolyn M / Hoff, Stephen R / Mithal, Leena B

    NeoReviews

    2021  Volume 22, Issue 9, Page(s) e606–e613

    Abstract: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is common because of the ubiquitous nature of the virus and the lack of an effective prevention strategy during pregnancy. Most infants with cCMV are asymptomatic, although a notable subset can have sequelae ... ...

    Abstract Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is common because of the ubiquitous nature of the virus and the lack of an effective prevention strategy during pregnancy. Most infants with cCMV are asymptomatic, although a notable subset can have sequelae including, most commonly, sensorineural hearing loss and neurodevelopmental disability, which may not be present at birth. Timely screening for cytomegalovirus in the first weeks after birth is critical to appropriately diagnose congenital infection, evaluate affected infants, and determine the treatment course. Antiviral therapy with valganciclovir can optimize end hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes in symptomatic infants. This review discusses the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of cCMV, targeted and universal screening approaches, and treatment and monitoring of infants with cCMV.
    MeSH term(s) Cytomegalovirus ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology ; Female ; Fetal Diseases ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Screening ; Pregnancy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1526-9906
    ISSN (online) 1526-9906
    DOI 10.1542/neo.22-9-e606
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  5. Article ; Online: Early Identification and Management of Congenital Cytomegalovirus.

    Jenks, Carolyn M / Mithal, Leena B / Hoff, Stephen R

    Otolaryngologic clinics of North America

    2021  Volume 54, Issue 6, Page(s) 1117–1127

    Abstract: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the most common nongenetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Despite its prevalence, universal screening for cCMV is not currently performed. Hearing loss caused by cCMV is most often severe to profound, often ... ...

    Abstract Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the most common nongenetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Despite its prevalence, universal screening for cCMV is not currently performed. Hearing loss caused by cCMV is most often severe to profound, often bilateral, and may be fluctuating or progressive. Infants with hearing loss at birth and confirmed cCMV might benefit from antiviral therapy. Roughly half of hearing loss cases owing to cCMV are delayed in onset, and consequently, these children pass newborn hearing screening. Children with cCMV require close audiologic monitoring, require appropriate management with hearing aids, and should be monitored for cochlear implant candidacy.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Cytomegalovirus ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/therapy ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Screening
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 417489-6
    ISSN 1557-8259 ; 0030-6665
    ISSN (online) 1557-8259
    ISSN 0030-6665
    DOI 10.1016/j.otc.2021.06.006
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  6. Article: Antenatal Screening for Group B Streptococcus in the Setting of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: Empiric versus Culture-based Prophylaxis.

    Mithal, Leena B / Shah, Nirali / Romanova, Anna / Miller, Emily S

    AJP reports

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) e26–e31

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Objective
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2628074-7
    ISSN 2157-7005 ; 2157-6998
    ISSN (online) 2157-7005
    ISSN 2157-6998
    DOI 10.1055/s-0039-3401807
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  7. Article ; Online: Patterns of diverse and changing sentiments towards COVID-19 vaccines: a sentiment analysis study integrating 11 million tweets and surveillance data across over 180 countries.

    Wang, Hanyin / Li, Yikuan / Hutch, Meghan R / Kline, Adrienne S / Otero, Sebastian / Mithal, Leena B / Miller, Emily S / Naidech, Andrew / Luo, Yuan

    Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA

    2023  Volume 30, Issue 5, Page(s) 923–931

    Abstract: Objectives: Vaccines are crucial components of pandemic responses. Over 12 billion coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines were administered at the time of writing. However, public perceptions of vaccines have been complex. We integrated social ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Vaccines are crucial components of pandemic responses. Over 12 billion coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines were administered at the time of writing. However, public perceptions of vaccines have been complex. We integrated social media and surveillance data to unravel the evolving perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines.
    Materials and methods: Applying human-in-the-loop deep learning models, we analyzed sentiments towards COVID-19 vaccines in 11 211 672 tweets of 2 203 681 users from 2020 to 2022. The diverse sentiment patterns were juxtaposed against user demographics, public health surveillance data of over 180 countries, and worldwide event timelines. A subanalysis was performed targeting the subpopulation of pregnant people. Additional feature analyses based on user-generated content suggested possible sources of vaccine hesitancy.
    Results: Our trained deep learning model demonstrated performances comparable to educated humans, yielding an accuracy of 0.92 in sentiment analysis against our manually curated dataset. Albeit fluctuations, sentiments were found more positive over time, followed by a subsequence upswing in population-level vaccine uptake. Distinguishable patterns were revealed among subgroups stratified by demographic variables. Encouraging news or events were detected surrounding positive sentiments crests. Sentiments in pregnancy-related tweets demonstrated a lagged pattern compared with the general population, with delayed vaccine uptake trends. Feature analysis detected hesitancies stemmed from clinical trial logics, risks and complications, and urgency of scientific evidence.
    Discussion: Integrating social media and public health surveillance data, we associated the sentiments at individual level with observed populational-level vaccination patterns. By unraveling the distinctive patterns across subpopulations, the findings provided evidence-based strategies for improving vaccine promotion during pandemics.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Sentiment Analysis ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Pandemics ; Public Health Surveillance ; Social Media
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1205156-1
    ISSN 1527-974X ; 1067-5027
    ISSN (online) 1527-974X
    ISSN 1067-5027
    DOI 10.1093/jamia/ocad029
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  8. Article ; Online: Partner testing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-positive women presenting for delivery.

    Sakowicz, Allie / Rosati, Jessica / Caldarelli, Leslie A / Shah, Malika D / Mithal, Leena B / Miller, Emily S

    American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM

    2021  Volume 3, Issue 4, Page(s) 100361

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter
    ISSN 2589-9333
    ISSN (online) 2589-9333
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100361
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  9. Article ; Online: Cord blood antibodies following maternal coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination during pregnancy.

    Mithal, Leena B / Otero, Sebastian / Shanes, Elisheva D / Goldstein, Jeffery A / Miller, Emily S

    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology

    2021  Volume 225, Issue 2, Page(s) 192–194

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Female ; Fetal Blood/immunology ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Vaccination
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80016-8
    ISSN 1097-6868 ; 0002-9378
    ISSN (online) 1097-6868
    ISSN 0002-9378
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.03.035
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  10. Article ; Online: A survey of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive healthcare providers: Household prevention measures and stress early in the pandemic.

    Otero, Sebastian / Mithal, Leena B / Khan, Anum I / Willnow, Antonia S / Patel, Ami B / Arshad, Mehreen

    Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE

    2021  Volume 1, Issue 1, Page(s) e57

    Abstract: Measures to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread to household members was assessed by surveying COVID-19-positive physicians and advanced practice providers. Showering and changing were more common than physical distancing. Half of ... ...

    Abstract Measures to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread to household members was assessed by surveying COVID-19-positive physicians and advanced practice providers. Showering and changing were more common than physical distancing. Half of respondents reported a symptomatic household member. Most reported increased stress, worsening of mental health, and concerns about illness and impact on family.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2732-494X
    ISSN (online) 2732-494X
    DOI 10.1017/ash.2021.221
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