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Article ; Online: Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E: What we know so far?

Cheung, Carmen Ka Man / Wong, Sunny Hei / Law, Alvin Wing Hin / Law, Man Fai

2022 Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 47–75

Abstract: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of viral hepatitis globally. There is growing concern about transfusion-transmitted HEV (TT-HEV) as an emerging global health problem. HEV can potentially result in chronic infection in immunocompromised patients, ...

Abstract	Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of viral hepatitis globally. There is growing concern about transfusion-transmitted HEV (TT-HEV) as an emerging global health problem. HEV can potentially result in chronic infection in immunocompromised patients, leading to a higher risk of liver cirrhosis and even death. Between 0.0013% and 0.281% of asymptomatic blood donors around the world have HEV viremia, and 0.27% to 60.5% have anti-HEV immunoglobulin G. HEV is infectious even at very low blood concentrations of the virus. Immunosuppressed patients who develop persistent hepatitis E infection should have their immunosuppressant regimen reduced; ribavirin may be considered as treatment. Pegylated interferon can be considered in those who are refractory or intolerant to ribavirin. Sofosbuvir, a nucleotide analog, showed modest antiviral activity in some clinical studies but sustained viral response was not achieved. Therefore, rescue treatment remains an unmet need. The need for HEV screening of all blood donations remains controversial. Universal screening has been adopted in some countries after consideration of risk and resource availability. Various pathogen reduction methods have also been proposed to reduce the risk of TT-HEV. Future studies are needed to define the incidence of transmission through transfusion, their clinical features, outcomes and prognosis.
MeSH term(s)	Blood Donors ; Blood Transfusion ; Hepatitis Antibodies ; Hepatitis E/diagnosis ; Hepatitis E/drug therapy ; Hepatitis E/epidemiology ; Hepatitis E virus/genetics ; Humans ; RNA, Viral
Chemical Substances	Hepatitis Antibodies ; RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2185929-2
ISSN	2219-2840 ; 1007-9327
ISSN (online)	2219-2840
ISSN	1007-9327
DOI	10.3748/wjg.v28.i1.47
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Article ; Online: Efficacy of Vaccine Protection Against COVID-19 Virus Infection in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases.

Cheung, Carmen Ka Man / Law, Kimmy Wan Tung / Law, Alvin Wing Hin / Law, Man Fai / Ho, Rita / Wong, Sunny Hei

Journal of clinical and translational hepatology

2023 Volume 11, Issue 3, Page(s) 718–735

Abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 is a useful weapon to combat the virus. Patients with chronic liver diseases (CLDs), including ...

Abstract	The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 is a useful weapon to combat the virus. Patients with chronic liver diseases (CLDs), including compensated or decompensated liver cirrhosis and noncirrhotic diseases, have a decreased immunologic response to coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines. At the same time, they have increased mortality if infected. Current data show a reduction in mortality when patients with chronic liver diseases are vaccinated. A suboptimal vaccine response has been observed in liver transplant recipients, especially those receiving immunosuppressive therapy, so an early booster dose is recommended to achieve a better protective effect. Currently, there are no clinical data comparing the protective efficacy of different vaccines in patients with chronic liver diseases. Patient preference, availability of the vaccine in the country or area, and adverse effect profiles are factors to consider when choosing a vaccine. There have been reports of immune-mediated hepatitis after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination, and clinicians should be aware of that potential side effect. Most patients who developed hepatitis after vaccination responded well to treatment with prednisolone, but an alternative type of vaccine should be considered for subsequent booster doses. Further prospective studies are required to investigate the duration of immunity and protection against different viral variants in patients with chronic liver diseases or liver transplant recipients, as well as the effect of heterologous vaccination.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	3019822-7
ISSN	2310-8819 ; 2225-0719
ISSN (online)	2310-8819
ISSN	2225-0719
DOI	10.14218/JCTH.2022.00339
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Article ; Online: Prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with hematological malignancies in the targeted therapy era.

Mak, Joyce Wing Yan / Law, Alvin Wing Hin / Law, Kimmy Wan Tung / Ho, Rita / Cheung, Carmen Ka Man / Law, Man Fai

World journal of gastroenterology

2023 Volume 29, Issue 33, Page(s) 4942–4961

Abstract: Hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation can be serious and potentially fatal, but is preventable. HBV reactivation is most commonly reported in patients receiving chemotherapy, especially rituximab-containing therapy for hematological ... ...

Abstract	Hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation can be serious and potentially fatal, but is preventable. HBV reactivation is most commonly reported in patients receiving chemotherapy, especially rituximab-containing therapy for hematological malignancies and those receiving stem cell transplantation. Patients with inactive and even resolved HBV infection still have persistence of HBV genomes in the liver. The expression of these silent genomes is controlled by the immune system. Suppression or ablation of immune cells, most importantly B cells, may lead to reactivation of seemingly resolved HBV infection. Thus, all patients with hematological malignancies receiving anticancer therapy should be screened for active or resolved HBV infection by blood tests for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. Patients found to be positive for HBsAg should be given prophylactic antiviral therapy. For patients with resolved HBV infection, there are two approaches. The first is pre-emptive therapy guided by serial HBV DNA monitoring, and treatment with antiviral therapy as soon as HBV DNA becomes detectable. The second approach is prophylactic antiviral therapy, particularly for patients receiving high-risk therapy, especially anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Entecavir and tenofovir are the preferred antiviral choices. Many new effective therapies for hematological malignancies have been introduced in the past decade, for example, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, novel monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibody drug conjugates, and small molecule inhibitors, which may be associated with HBV reactivation. Although there is limited evidence to guide the optimal preventive measures, we recommend antiviral prophylaxis in HBsAg-positive patients receiving novel treatments, including Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors, B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitors, and CAR-T cell therapy. Further studies are needed to determine the risk of HBV reactivation with these agents and the best prophylactic strategy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; DNA, Viral ; Hepatitis B/complications ; Hepatitis B/diagnosis ; Hepatitis B/prevention & control ; Hematologic Neoplasms/complications ; Hematologic Neoplasms/therapy ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; DNA, Viral ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2185929-2
ISSN	2219-2840 ; 1007-9327
ISSN (online)	2219-2840
ISSN	1007-9327
DOI	10.3748/wjg.v29.i33.4942
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Article: Gastrointestinal and hepatic side effects of potential treatment for COVID-19 and vaccination in patients with chronic liver diseases.

Law, Man Fai / Ho, Rita / Law, Kimmy Wan Tung / Cheung, Carmen Ka Man

World journal of hepatology

2021 Volume 13, Issue 12, Page(s) 1850–1874

Abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Many clinical trials have been performed to investigate potential treatments or vaccines for this disease to reduce the high morbidity and mortality. The drugs of higher interest ... ...

Abstract	The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Many clinical trials have been performed to investigate potential treatments or vaccines for this disease to reduce the high morbidity and mortality. The drugs of higher interest include umifenovir, bromhexine, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, steroid, tocilizumab, interferon alpha or beta, ribavirin, fivapiravir, nitazoxanide, ivermectin, molnupiravir, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin, and baricitinib. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and liver dysfunction are frequently seen in patients with COVID-19, which can make it difficult to differentiate disease manifestations from treatment adverse effects. GI symptoms of COVID-19 include anorexia, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Liver injury can be a result of systemic inflammation or cytokine storm, or due to the adverse drug effects in patients who have been receiving different treatments. Regular monitoring of liver function should be performed. COVID-19 vaccines have been rapidly developed with different technologies including mRNA, viral vectors, inactivated viruses, recombinant DNA, protein subunits and live attenuated viruses. Patients with chronic liver disease or inflammatory bowel disease and liver transplant recipients are encouraged to receive vaccination as the benefits outweigh the risks. Vaccination against COVID-19 is also recommended to family members and healthcare professionals caring for these patients to reduce exposure to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2573703-X
ISSN	1948-5182
ISSN	1948-5182
DOI	10.4254/wjh.v13.i12.1850
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Article: Update on Molecular Diagnosis in Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma and Its Role in the Era of Personalized Medicine.

Sun, Ka-Hei Murphy / Wong, Yin-Ting Heylie / Cheung, Ka-Man Carmen / Yuen, Carmen Michelle / Chan, Yun-Tat Ted / Lai, Wing-Yan Jennifer / Chao, Chun David / Fan, Wing-Sum Katie / Chow, Yuen-Kiu Karen / Law, Man-Fai / Tam, Ho-Chi Tommy

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 12, Issue 2

Abstract: Natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is an aggressive malignancy with unique epidemiological, histological, molecular, and clinical characteristics. It occurs in two pathological forms, namely, extranodal NKTCL (ENKTCL) and aggressive NK leukemia, ...

Abstract	Natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is an aggressive malignancy with unique epidemiological, histological, molecular, and clinical characteristics. It occurs in two pathological forms, namely, extranodal NKTCL (ENKTCL) and aggressive NK leukemia, according to the latest World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has long been proposed as the major etiology of lymphomagenesis. The adoption of high-throughput sequencing has allowed us to gain more insight into the molecular mechanisms of ENKTCL, which largely involve chromosome deletion and aberrations in Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathways, as well as mutations in tumor suppressor genes. The molecular findings could potentially influence the traditional chemoradiotherapy approach, which is known to be associated with significant toxicity. This article will review the latest molecular findings in NKTCL and recent advances in the field of molecular diagnosis in NKTCL. Issues of quality control and technical difficulties will also be discussed, along with future prospects in the molecular diagnosis and treatment of NKTCL.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662336-5
ISSN	2075-4418
ISSN	2075-4418
DOI	10.3390/diagnostics12020409
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Article ; Online: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Haematologist's Perspective.

Cheung, Carmen Ka Man / Law, Man Fai / Lui, Grace Chung Yan / Wong, Sunny Hei / Wong, Raymond Siu Ming

Acta haematologica

2020 Volume 144, Issue 1, Page(s) 10–23

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is affecting millions of patients worldwide. It is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to the family Coronaviridae, with 80% genomic similarities to SARS-CoV. ... ...

Abstract	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is affecting millions of patients worldwide. It is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to the family Coronaviridae, with 80% genomic similarities to SARS-CoV. Lymphopenia was commonly seen in infected patients and has a correlation to disease severity. Thrombocytopenia, coagulation abnormalities, and disseminated intravascular coagulation were observed in COVID-19 patients, especially those with critical illness and non-survivors. This pandemic has caused disruption in communities and hospital services, as well as straining blood product supply, affecting chemotherapy treatment and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation schedule. In this article, we review the haematological manifestations of the disease and its implication on the management of patients with haematological disorders.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/blood ; COVID-19/mortality ; COVID-19/therapy ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation/blood ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation/mortality ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation/therapy ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation/virology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Lymphopenia/blood ; Lymphopenia/mortality ; Lymphopenia/therapy ; Lymphopenia/virology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; Thrombocytopenia/blood ; Thrombocytopenia/mortality ; Thrombocytopenia/therapy ; Thrombocytopenia/virology
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80008-9
ISSN	1421-9662 ; 0001-5792
ISSN (online)	1421-9662
ISSN	0001-5792
DOI	10.1159/000510178
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Article ; Online: Update on Molecular Diagnosis in Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma and Its Role in the Era of Personalized Medicine

Ka-Hei (Murphy) Sun / Yin-Ting (Heylie) Wong / Ka-Man (Carmen) Cheung / Carmen (Michelle) Yuen / Yun-Tat (Ted) Chan / Wing-Yan (Jennifer) Lai / Chun (David) Chao / Wing-Sum (Katie) Fan / Yuen-Kiu (Karen) Chow / Man-Fai Law / Ho-Chi (Tommy) Tam

Diagnostics, Vol 12, Iss 409, p

2022 Volume 409

Abstract	Natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is an aggressive malignancy with unique epidemiological, histological, molecular, and clinical characteristics. It occurs in two pathological forms, namely, extranodal NKTCL (ENKTCL) and aggressive NK leukemia, according to the latest World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection has long been proposed as the major etiology of lymphomagenesis. The adoption of high-throughput sequencing has allowed us to gain more insight into the molecular mechanisms of ENKTCL, which largely involve chromosome deletion and aberrations in Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathways, as well as mutations in tumor suppressor genes. The molecular findings could potentially influence the traditional chemoradiotherapy approach, which is known to be associated with significant toxicity. This article will review the latest molecular findings in NKTCL and recent advances in the field of molecular diagnosis in NKTCL. Issues of quality control and technical difficulties will also be discussed, along with future prospects in the molecular diagnosis and treatment of NKTCL.
Keywords	ENKTCL ; EBV ; molecular diagnosis ; NGS ; brentuximab vedotin ; immune checkpoint inhibitors ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Cheung, Carmen Ka Man / Law, Man Fai / Lui, Grace Chung Yan / Wong, Sunny Hei / Wong, Raymond Siu Ming

Acta Haematologica

A Haematologist’s Perspective

2020 , Page(s) 1–14

Keywords	Hematology ; General Medicine ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	S. Karger AG
Publishing country	ch
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	80008-9
ISSN	1421-9662 ; 0001-5792
ISSN (online)	1421-9662
ISSN	0001-5792
DOI	10.1159/000510178
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: School-based research agenda on healthcare simulation for nursing education in Hong Kong.

Wong, Suet Lai / Gill, Baljit Kaur / Chan, Jacky Hoi Man / Cheung, Alison Pui Han / Charm, Caroline Yee Chong / Fung, Carmen Ka Man / Lam, Ching Yee / Tong, Mavis Ying Ting / Lo, Cora Ka Yee / Tsang, Alan Yat Kwan / Nestel, Debra

BMJ simulation & technology enhanced learning

2021 Volume 7, Issue 5, Page(s) 435–437

Abstract: Background: Healthcare simulation has been used as a pedagogical strategy in nursing education. Evidence has shown one of the positive impacts that simulations replace clinical placement. These wide-ranging initiatives are essential, and they can guide ... ...

Abstract	Background: Healthcare simulation has been used as a pedagogical strategy in nursing education. Evidence has shown one of the positive impacts that simulations replace clinical placement. These wide-ranging initiatives are essential, and they can guide a nursing school's simulation training. However, researching each innovation in the nursing field is beyond the scope. Methods: To focus our research and develop the capacity and capability to incorporate healthcare simulation in nursing education, we used a consensus building process to establish a school's research agenda. A modified Delphi process was adopted to reach a consensus among 10 nursing faculty members in one university with a visiting professor's support. Results: The three themes were identified as (1) embedding simulation into the baccalaureate in nursing curriculum, (2) designing effective simulation-based education and (3) simulating education in the broader world (adolescents). These themes were further categorised into two areas that used simulation in the educational and community settings. Sixty per cent of the faculty members agreed that the question, 'How can simulation be incorporated into clinical placements to enhance students' learning?' should be the highest research priority. Conclusion: This study adds understanding to incorporate simulation-based education in the nursing curriculum and community provides insights into future research.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2799014-X
ISSN	2056-6697 ; 2056-6697
ISSN (online)	2056-6697
ISSN	2056-6697
DOI	10.1136/bmjstel-2020-000774
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Article: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Haematologist's Perspective

Cheung, Carmen Ka Man / Law, Man Fai / Lui, Grace Chung Yan / Wong, Sunny Hei / Wong, Raymond Siu Ming

Acta Haematol

Abstract	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is affecting millions of patients worldwide. It is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to the family Coronaviridae, with 80% genomic similarities to SARS-CoV. Lymphopenia was commonly seen in infected patients and has a correlation to disease severity. Thrombocytopenia, coagulation abnormalities, and disseminated intravascular coagulation were observed in COVID-19 patients, especially those with critical illness and non-survivors. This pandemic has caused disruption in communities and hospital services, as well as straining blood product supply, affecting chemotherapy treatment and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation schedule. In this article, we review the haematological manifestations of the disease and its implication on the management of patients with haematological disorders.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #690361
Database	COVID19

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