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Article ; Online: Altered expression of microglial markers of phagocytosis in schizophrenia.

Jenkins, Aaron K / Lewis, David A / Volk, David W

2022 Volume 251, Page(s) 22–29

Abstract: Background: Cognitive disturbances in schizophrenia have been linked to a lower density of dendritic spines on pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Complement component C4, which has previously been found at higher levels in schizophrenia, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Cognitive disturbances in schizophrenia have been linked to a lower density of dendritic spines on pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Complement component C4, which has previously been found at higher levels in schizophrenia, marks synapses for phagocytosis by microglia. Thus, elevated consumption of dendritic spines by microglia mediated through excessive complement activity may play a role in lower spine density in schizophrenia. However, it is unclear if microglia themselves have the molecular capacity for enhanced phagocytosis of spines in schizophrenia. Methods: Transcript levels for complement components and microglia-specific phagocytic markers were quantified using quantitative PCR in the PFC of 62 matched pairs of schizophrenia and unaffected comparison subjects and in antipsychotic-exposed monkeys. Results: Relative to comparison subjects, schizophrenia subjects had higher mRNA levels for C4 (+154 %); C1q (+69 %), which initiates the classical complement pathway that includes C4; and for microglia-specific markers that enable phagocytic activity including TAM receptor tyrosine kinases Axl (+27 %) and MerTK (+27 %) and lysosome-associated glycoprotein CD68 (+27 %) (all p ≤ .042). Transcript levels for microglial phagocytic markers were correlated with C4 mRNA levels in schizophrenia subjects (all r ≥ 0.31, p ≤ .015). We also found further evidence consistent with microglial activation in schizophrenia, including higher mRNA levels for THIK1 (TWIK-related halothane-inhibited potassium channel: +30 %) and lower mRNA levels for the purinergic receptor P2Y12 (-27 %) (all p ≤ .016). Transcript levels were unchanged in antipsychotic-exposed monkeys. Conclusions: These results are consistent with the presence of increased complement activity and an elevated molecular capacity of microglia for phagocytosis in the same schizophrenia subjects.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy ; Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use ; Microglia ; Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism ; Phagocytosis ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Haplorhini
Chemical Substances	Antipsychotic Agents ; RNA, Messenger
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-15
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	639422-x
ISSN	1573-2509 ; 0920-9964
ISSN (online)	1573-2509
ISSN	0920-9964
DOI	10.1016/j.schres.2022.12.005
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Zs.A 2351: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 543: Show issues

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Article ; Online: The Relationship Between Pitch Discrimination and Fundamental Frequency Variation: Effects of Singing Status and Vocal Hyperfunction.

Aaron, Allison S / Abur, Defne / Volk, Kalei P / Noordzij, Jacob Pieter / Tracy, Lauren F / Stepp, Cara E

Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation

2023

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between pitch discrimination and fundamental frequency (f: Method: Female speakers (18-69 years) with typical voices (26 non-singers; 27 singers) and speakers with VH (22 non- ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between pitch discrimination and fundamental frequency (f Method: Female speakers (18-69 years) with typical voices (26 non-singers; 27 singers) and speakers with VH (22 non-singers; 30 singers) completed a pitch discrimination task and read the Rainbow Passage. The pitch discrimination task was a two-alternative forced choice procedure, in which participants determined whether tokens were the same or different. Tokens were a prerecorded sustained /ɑ/ of the participant's own voice and a pitch-shifted version of their sustained /ɑ/, such that the difference in f Results: A significant strong correlation was found between pitch discrimination and f Conclusions: Speakers with worse pitch discrimination may increase their f
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	17459-2
ISSN	1873-4588 ; 1557-8658 ; 0892-1997
ISSN (online)	1873-4588 ; 1557-8658
ISSN	0892-1997
DOI	10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.01.008
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Article ; Online: The global anaerobic metabolism regulator

Pieper, Lindsey M / Spanogiannopoulos, Peter / Volk, Regan F / Miller, Carson J / Wright, Aaron T / Turnbaugh, Peter J

mBio

2023 Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) e0157323

Abstract: Importance: This work has broad relevance due to the ubiquity of dyes containing azo bonds in food and drugs. We report that azo dyes can be degraded by human gut bacteria through both enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms, even from a single gut ... ...

Abstract	Importance: This work has broad relevance due to the ubiquity of dyes containing azo bonds in food and drugs. We report that azo dyes can be degraded by human gut bacteria through both enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms, even from a single gut bacterial species. Furthermore, we revealed that environmental factors, oxygen, and L-Cysteine control the ability of
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Coloring Agents/metabolism ; Anaerobiosis ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Azo Compounds/chemistry ; Azo Compounds/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics ; Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Coloring Agents ; Azo Compounds ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins ; Bacterial Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2557172-2
ISSN	2150-7511 ; 2161-2129
ISSN (online)	2150-7511
ISSN	2161-2129
DOI	10.1128/mbio.01573-23
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Article ; Online: Involvement of the nuclear factor-κB transcriptional complex in prefrontal cortex immune activation in bipolar disorder.

Roman, Kaitlyn M / Jenkins, Aaron K / Lewis, David A / Volk, David W

Translational psychiatry

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 40

Abstract: Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia have multiple clinical and genetic features in common, including shared risk associated with overlapping susceptibility loci in immune-related genes. Higher activity of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factor ...

Abstract	Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia have multiple clinical and genetic features in common, including shared risk associated with overlapping susceptibility loci in immune-related genes. Higher activity of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factor complex, which regulates the transcription of multiple immune markers, has been reported to contribute to immune activation in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. These findings suggest the hypothesis that elevated NF-κB activity is present in the prefrontal cortex in bipolar disorder in a manner similar to that seen in schizophrenia. Therefore, we quantified levels of NF-κB-related mRNAs in the prefrontal cortex of 35 matched pairs of bipolar disorder and unaffected comparison subjects using quantitative PCR. We found that transcript levels were higher in the prefrontal cortex of bipolar disorder subjects for several NF-κB family members, NF-κB activation receptors, and NF-κB-regulated mRNAs, and were lower for an NF-κB inhibitor. Transcript levels for NF-κB family members, NF-κB activation receptors, and NF-κB-regulated mRNAs levels were also highly correlated with each other. This pattern of elevated transcript levels for NF-κB-related markers in bipolar disorder is similar to that previously reported in schizophrenia, suggesting that cortical immune activation is a shared pathophysiological feature between the two disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Bipolar Disorder/genetics ; Humans ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Schizophrenia/genetics
Chemical Substances	NF-kappa B ; RNA, Messenger
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2609311-X
ISSN	2158-3188 ; 2158-3188
ISSN (online)	2158-3188
ISSN	2158-3188
DOI	10.1038/s41398-020-01092-x
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Article: A Comprehensive Review of Congenital Lumbar Synostosis and Associated Findings.

Volk, Albert M / Mathkour, Mansour / Iwanaga, Joe / Dumont, Aaron S / Tubbs, R Shane

Cureus

2021 Volume 13, Issue 10, Page(s) e19013

Abstract: Congenital vertebral synostosis (CVS) is a rare developmental condition due to failure of vertebral segmentation. Vertebrae and their intervertebral discs differentiate and resegment at the time of organogenesis during fetal life. Failure of this ... ...

Abstract	Congenital vertebral synostosis (CVS) is a rare developmental condition due to failure of vertebral segmentation. Vertebrae and their intervertebral discs differentiate and resegment at the time of organogenesis during fetal life. Failure of this embryological process can result in the limitation of mobility of the involved segment. This inappropriate segmentation thus results in vertebral fusion or a block vertebra with subsequent vertebral synostosis. Long-term, such segmental fusion can increase osteoarthritis at levels below and above the fused segment due to excessive wear on these joints. Presentations can include congenital kyphosis and scoliosis. Patients may present with back and radicular pain, and possible myelopathy CVS usually occurs, in order of frequency, in the cervical, lumbar, and thoracic vertebral levels. This paper reviews congenital lumbar synostosis with associated findings and its clinical implications and embryological significance. A case illustration is also included.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.19013
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Article: Implementing a Telehealth Shared Counseling and Decision-Making Visit for Lung Cancer Screening in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

Hoffman, Richard M / Lang, Julie A / Bailey, George J / Merchant, James A / Seaman, Aaron S / Newbury, Elizabeth A / Sanchez, Rolando / Volk, Robert J / Lowenstein, Lisa M / Averill, Sarah L

Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS

2023 Volume 40, Issue Suppl 3, Page(s) S83–S90

Abstract: Background: Veterans suffer substantial morbidity and mortality from lung cancer. Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) can reduce mortality. Guidelines recommend counseling and shared decision-making (SDM) to address the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Veterans suffer substantial morbidity and mortality from lung cancer. Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) can reduce mortality. Guidelines recommend counseling and shared decision-making (SDM) to address the benefits and harms of screening and the importance of tobacco cessation before patients undergo screening. Observations: We implemented a centralized LCS program at the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center with a nurse program coordinator (NPC)-led telephone visit. Our multidisciplinary team ensured that veterans referred from primary care met eligibility criteria, that LDCT results were correctly coded by radiology, and that pulmonary promptly evaluated abnormal LDCT. The NPC mailed a decision aid to the veteran and scheduled a SDM telephone visit. We surveyed veterans after the visit using validated measures to assess knowledge, decisional conflict, and quality of decision making. We conducted 105 SDM visits, and 91 veterans agreed to LDCT. Overall, 84% of veterans reported no decisional conflict, and 59% reported high-quality decision making. While most veterans correctly answered questions about the harms of radiation, false-positive results, and overdiagnosis, few knew when to stop screening, and most overestimated the benefit of screening and the predictive value of an abnormal scan. Tobacco cessation interventions were offered to 72 currently smoking veterans. Conclusions: We successfully implemented an LCS program that provides SDM and tobacco cessation support using a centralized telehealth model. While veterans were confident about screening decisions, knowledge testing indicated important deficits, and many did not engage meaningfully in SDM. Clinicians should frame the decision as patient centered at the time of referral, highlight the importance of SDM, and be able to provide adequate decision support.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1078-4497
ISSN	1078-4497
DOI	10.12788/fp.0403
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Article ; Online: Activity-Based Protein Profiling of Bile Salt Hydrolysis in the Human Gut Microbiome with Beta-Lactam or Acrylamide-Based Probes.

Brandvold, Kristoffer R / Miller, Carson J / Volk, Regan F / Killinger, Bryan J / Whidbey, Christopher / Wright, Aaron T

Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology

2021 Volume 22, Issue 8, Page(s) 1448–1455

Abstract: Microbial bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) found in the intestine catalyze the deconjugation of taurine- and glycine-linked bile salts produced in the liver. The resulting bile salts are biological detergents and are critical in aiding lipophilic nutrient ... ...

Abstract	Microbial bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) found in the intestine catalyze the deconjugation of taurine- and glycine-linked bile salts produced in the liver. The resulting bile salts are biological detergents and are critical in aiding lipophilic nutrient digestion. Therefore, the activity of BSHs in the gut microbiome is directly linked to human metabolism and overall health. Bile salt metabolism has also been associated with disease phenotypes such as liver and colorectal cancer. In order to reshape the gut microbiome to optimize bile salt metabolism, tools to characterize and quantify these processes must exist to enable a much-improved understanding of how metabolism goes awry in the face of disease, and how it can be improved through an altered lifestyle and environment. Furthermore, it is necessary to attribute metabolic activity to specific members and BSHs within the microbiome. To this end, we have developed activity-based probes with two different reactive groups to target bile salt hydrolases. These probes bind similarly to the authentic bile salt substrates, and we demonstrate enzyme labeling of active bile salt hydrolases by using purified protein, cell lysates, and in human stool.
MeSH term(s)	Acrylamide/chemical synthesis ; Acrylamide/chemistry ; Acrylamide/metabolism ; Amidohydrolases/chemistry ; Amidohydrolases/metabolism ; Bile Acids and Salts/chemistry ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Fluorescent Dyes/chemical synthesis ; Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry ; Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Molecular Structure ; beta-Lactams/chemical synthesis ; beta-Lactams/chemistry ; beta-Lactams/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Bile Acids and Salts ; Fluorescent Dyes ; beta-Lactams ; Acrylamide (20R035KLCI) ; Amidohydrolases (EC 3.5.-) ; choloylglycine hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.24)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-10
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2020469-3
ISSN	1439-7633 ; 1439-4227
ISSN (online)	1439-7633
ISSN	1439-4227
DOI	10.1002/cbic.202000748
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Article: Adaptation to Photooxidative Stress: Common and Special Strategies of the Alphaproteobacteria

Licht, Mathieu K / Nuss, Aaron M / Volk, Marcel / Konzer, Anne / Beckstette, Michael / Berghoff, Bork A / Klug, Gabriele

Microorganisms

2020 Volume 8, Issue 2

Abstract: Photosynthetic bacteria have to deal with the risk of photooxidative stress that occurs in presence of light and oxygen due to the photosensitizing activity of (bacterio-) chlorophylls. Facultative phototrophs of the ... ...

Abstract	Photosynthetic bacteria have to deal with the risk of photooxidative stress that occurs in presence of light and oxygen due to the photosensitizing activity of (bacterio-) chlorophylls. Facultative phototrophs of the genus
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms8020283
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Article ; Online: Coronavirus Endoribonuclease and Deubiquitinating Interferon Antagonists Differentially Modulate the Host Response during Replication in Macrophages.

Volk, Aaron / Hackbart, Matthew / Deng, Xufang / Cruz-Pulido, Yazmin / O'Brien, Amornrat / Baker, Susan C

Journal of virology

2020 Volume 94, Issue 11

Abstract: Coronaviruses (CoVs) encode multiple interferon (IFN) antagonists that modulate the host response to virus replication. Here, we evaluated the host transcriptional response to infection with murine coronaviruses encoding independent mutations in one of ... ...

Abstract	Coronaviruses (CoVs) encode multiple interferon (IFN) antagonists that modulate the host response to virus replication. Here, we evaluated the host transcriptional response to infection with murine coronaviruses encoding independent mutations in one of two different viral antagonists, the deubiquitinase (DUB) within nonstructural protein 3 or the endoribonuclease (EndoU) within nonstructural protein 15. We used transcriptomics approaches to compare the scope and kinetics of the host response to the wild-type (WT), DUBmut, and EndoUmut viruses in infected macrophages. We found that the EndoUmut virus activates a focused response that predominantly involves type I interferons and interferon-related genes, whereas the WT and DUBmut viruses more broadly stimulate upregulation of over 2,800 genes, including networks associated with activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the proinflammatory response associated with viral pathogenesis. This study highlights the role of viral interferon antagonists in shaping the kinetics and magnitude of the host response during virus infection and demonstrates that inactivating a dominant viral antagonist, the coronavirus endoribonuclease, dramatically alters the host response in macrophages.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Computational Biology ; Coronavirus/physiology ; Coronavirus Infections/genetics ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/metabolism ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Endoribonucleases/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Inflammation Mediators/metabolism ; Interferons/metabolism ; Macrophages/immunology ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Macrophages/virology ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; RNA, Viral ; Unfolded Protein Response ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/metabolism ; Virus Replication
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; Inflammation Mediators ; RNA, Viral ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; Interferons (9008-11-1) ; Endoribonucleases (EC 3.1.-)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	80174-4
ISSN	1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
ISSN (online)	1098-5514
ISSN	0022-538X
DOI	10.1128/JVI.00178-20
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Article ; Online: Adaptation to Photooxidative Stress

Mathieu K. Licht / Aaron M. Nuss / Marcel Volk / Anne Konzer / Michael Beckstette / Bork A. Berghoff / Gabriele Klug

Microorganisms, Vol 8, Iss 2, p

Common and Special Strategies of the Alphaproteobacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodobacter capsulatus

2020 Volume 283

Abstract	Photosynthetic bacteria have to deal with the risk of photooxidative stress that occurs in presence of light and oxygen due to the photosensitizing activity of (bacterio-) chlorophylls. Facultative phototrophs of the genus Rhodobacter adapt the formation of photosynthetic complexes to oxygen and light conditions, but cannot completely avoid this stress if environmental conditions suddenly change. R. capsulatus has a stronger pigmentation and faster switches to phototrophic growth than R. sphaeroides . However, its photooxidative stress response has not been investigated. Here, we compare both species by transcriptomics and proteomics, revealing that proteins involved in oxidation−reduction processes, DNA, and protein damage repair play pivotal roles. These functions are likely universal to many phototrophs. Furthermore, the alternative sigma factors RpoE and RpoH II are induced in both species, even though the genetic localization of the rpoE gene, the RpoE protein itself, and probably its regulon, are different. Despite sharing the same habitats, our findings also suggest individual strategies. The crtIB-tspO operon, encoding proteins for biosynthesis of carotenoid precursors and a regulator of photosynthesis, and cbiX , encoding a putative ferrochelatase, are induced in R. capsulatus . This specific response might support adaptation by maintaining high carotenoid-to-bacteriochlorophyll ratios and preventing the accumulation of porphyrin-derived photosensitizers.
Keywords	rhodobacter capsulatus ; rhodobacter sphaeroides ; photooxidative stress ; transcriptomics ; proteomics ; stress defense ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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