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Article: Optical Properties and Interference Effects of the Lens Mitochondrion.

Margadant, Felix / Almsherqi, Zakaria / Xu, Xiaochun / Deng, Yuru

2023 Volume 13, Issue 6

Abstract: The lens mitochondrion of the tree shrew, located along the optical pathway between the lens and photoreceptors, has been investigated. The results suggest that the lens mitochondrion acts as a quasi-bandgap or imperfect photonic crystal. Interference ... ...

Abstract	The lens mitochondrion of the tree shrew, located along the optical pathway between the lens and photoreceptors, has been investigated. The results suggest that the lens mitochondrion acts as a quasi-bandgap or imperfect photonic crystal. Interference effects cause a shift in the focus and introduce wavelength-dependent behavior similar to dispersion. Optical channels within the mitochondrion form a mild waveguide, preferentially propagating light within certain compartments. The lens mitochondrion also functions as an imperfect UV-shielding interference filter. Overall, this study provides insights into the dual role of the lens mitochondrion and the complex behavior of light within biological systems.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2614641-1
ISSN	2077-0375
ISSN	2077-0375
DOI	10.3390/membranes13060610
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Article ; Online: Coronavirus-Induced Host Cubic Membranes and Lipid-Related Antiviral Therapies

Yuru Deng / Angelina Angelova

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Vol

A Focus on Bioactive Plasmalogens

2021 Volume 9

Abstract: Coronaviruses have lipid envelopes required for their activity. The fact that coronavirus infection provokes the formation of cubic membranes (CM) (denoted also as convoluted membranes) in host cells has not been rationalized in the development of ... ...

Abstract	Coronaviruses have lipid envelopes required for their activity. The fact that coronavirus infection provokes the formation of cubic membranes (CM) (denoted also as convoluted membranes) in host cells has not been rationalized in the development of antiviral therapies yet. In this context, the role of bioactive plasmalogens (vinyl ether glycerophospholipids) is not completely understood. These lipid species display a propensity for non-lamellar phase formation, facilitating membrane fusion, and modulate the activity of membrane-bound proteins such as enzymes and receptors. At the organism level, plasmalogen deficiency is associated with cardiometabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans. A straight link is perceived with the susceptibility of such patients to SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2) infection, the severity of illness, and the related difficulty in treatment. Based on correlations between the coronavirus-induced modifications of lipid metabolism in host cells, plasmalogen deficiency in the lung surfactant of COVID-19 patients, and the alterations of lipid membrane structural organization and composition including the induction of CM, we emphasize the key role of plasmalogens in the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, or MERS-CoV) entry and replication in host cells. Considering that plasmalogen-enriched lung surfactant formulations may improve the respiratory process in severe infected individuals, plasmalogens can be suggested as an anti-viral prophylactic, a lipid biomarker in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections, and a potential anti-viral therapeutic component of lung surfactant development for COVID-19 patients.
Keywords	plasmalogen ; cubic membrane ; coronavirus ; virus-host interaction ; TEM ; COVID-19 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Coronavirus-Induced Host Cubic Membranes and Lipid-Related Antiviral Therapies: A Focus on Bioactive Plasmalogens.

Deng, Yuru / Angelova, Angelina

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

2021 Volume 9, Page(s) 630242

Abstract	Coronaviruses have lipid envelopes required for their activity. The fact that coronavirus infection provokes the formation of cubic membranes (CM) (denoted also as convoluted membranes) in host cells has not been rationalized in the development of antiviral therapies yet. In this context, the role of bioactive plasmalogens (vinyl ether glycerophospholipids) is not completely understood. These lipid species display a propensity for non-lamellar phase formation, facilitating membrane fusion, and modulate the activity of membrane-bound proteins such as enzymes and receptors. At the organism level, plasmalogen deficiency is associated with cardiometabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans. A straight link is perceived with the susceptibility of such patients to SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2) infection, the severity of illness, and the related difficulty in treatment. Based on correlations between the coronavirus-induced modifications of lipid metabolism in host cells, plasmalogen deficiency in the lung surfactant of COVID-19 patients, and the alterations of lipid membrane structural organization and composition including the induction of CM, we emphasize the key role of plasmalogens in the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, or MERS-CoV) entry and replication in host cells. Considering that plasmalogen-enriched lung surfactant formulations may improve the respiratory process in severe infected individuals, plasmalogens can be suggested as an anti-viral prophylactic, a lipid biomarker in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections, and a potential anti-viral therapeutic component of lung surfactant development for COVID-19 patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2737824-X
ISSN	2296-634X
ISSN	2296-634X
DOI	10.3389/fcell.2021.630242
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Article ; Online: Plasmalogens and platelet-activating factor roles in chronic inflammatory diseases.

Tremblay, Marie-Ève / Almsherqi, Zakaria A / Deng, Yuru

BioFactors (Oxford, England)

2022

Abstract: Fatty acids and phospholipid molecules are essential for determining the structure and function of cell membranes, and they hence participate in many biological processes. Platelet activating factor (PAF) and its precursor plasmalogen, which represent ... ...

Abstract	Fatty acids and phospholipid molecules are essential for determining the structure and function of cell membranes, and they hence participate in many biological processes. Platelet activating factor (PAF) and its precursor plasmalogen, which represent two subclasses of ether phospholipids, have attracted increasing research attention recently due to their association with multiple chronic inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders. These pathophysiological conditions commonly involve inflammatory processes linked to an excess presence of PAF and/or decreased levels of plasmalogens. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of plasmalogens in inflammation have remained largely elusive. While anti-inflammatory responses most likely involve the plasmalogen signal pathway; pro-inflammatory responses recruit arachidonic acid, a precursor of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators which is released from membrane phospholipids, notably derived from the hydrolysis of plasmalogens. Plasmalogens per se are vital membrane phospholipids in humans. Changes in their homeostatic levels may alter cell membrane properties, thus affecting key signaling pathways that mediate inflammatory cascades and immune responses. The plasmalogen analogs of PAF are also potentially important, considering that anti-PAF activity has strong anti-inflammatory effects. Plasmalogen replacement therapy was further identified as a promising anti-inflammatory strategy allowing for the relief of pathological hallmarks in patients affected by chronic diseases with an inflammatory component. The aim of this Short Review is to highlight the emerging roles and implications of plasmalogens in chronic inflammatory disorders, along with the promising outcomes of plasmalogen replacement therapy for the treatment of various PAF-related chronic inflammatory pathologies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	59230-4
ISSN	1872-8081 ; 0951-6433
ISSN (online)	1872-8081
ISSN	0951-6433
DOI	10.1002/biof.1916
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Article ; Online: Lipid and Transcriptional Regulation in a Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model by Intranasal Vesicular and Hexosomal Plasmalogen-Based Nanomedicines.

Wu, Yu / Wang, Jieli / Deng, Yuru / Angelov, Borislav / Fujino, Takehiko / Hossain, Md Shamim / Angelova, Angelina

Advanced healthcare materials

2024 , Page(s) e2304588

Abstract: Plasmalogens (vinyl-ether phospholipids) are an emergent class of lipid drugs against various diseases involving neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered lipid metabolism. They can activate neurotrophic and ... ...

Abstract	Plasmalogens (vinyl-ether phospholipids) are an emergent class of lipid drugs against various diseases involving neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered lipid metabolism. They can activate neurotrophic and neuroprotective signaling pathways but low bioavailabilities limit their efficiency in curing neurodegeneration. Here, liquid crystalline lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are created for the protection and non-invasive intranasal delivery of purified scallop-derived plasmalogens. The in vivo results with a transgenic mouse Parkinson's disease (PD) model (characterized by motor impairments and α-synuclein deposition) demonstrate the crucial importance of LNP composition, which determines the self-assembled nanostructure type. Vesicle and hexosome nanostructures (characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering) display different efficacy of the nanomedicine-mediated recovery of motor function, lipid balance, and transcriptional regulation (e.g., reduced neuro-inflammation and PD pathogenic gene expression). Intranasal vesicular and hexosomal plasmalogen-based LNP treatment leads to improvement of the behavioral PD symptoms and downregulation of the Il6, Il33, and Tnfa genes. Moreover, RNA-sequencing and lipidomic analyses establish a dramatic effect of hexosomal nanomedicines on PD amelioration, lipid metabolism, and the type and number of responsive transcripts that may be implicated in neuroregeneration.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-22
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2649576-4
ISSN	2192-2659 ; 2192-2640
ISSN (online)	2192-2659
ISSN	2192-2640
DOI	10.1002/adhm.202304588
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Article ; Online: Heparin-binding hemagglutinin of Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits autophagy via TLR4 and drives M2 polarization in macrophages.

Zheng, Qing / Li, Zhi / Zhou, Yu / Li, Yuru / Gong, Meiliang / Sun, Heqiang / Deng, Xinli / Ma, Yueyun

The Journal of infectious diseases

2024

Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis (TB), predominantly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, remains a prominent global health challenge. Macrophages are the frontline defense against MTB, relying on autophagy for intracellular bacterial clearance. ...

Abstract	Background: Tuberculosis (TB), predominantly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, remains a prominent global health challenge. Macrophages are the frontline defense against MTB, relying on autophagy for intracellular bacterial clearance. However, MTB can combat and evade autophagy, and it influences macrophage polarization, facilitating immune evasion and promoting infection. We previously found that heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA) inhibits autophagy in A549 cells; however, its role in macrophage autophagy and polarization remains unclear. Methods: Bacterial cultures, cell cultures, western blotting, immunofluorescence, macrophage infection assays, siRNA knockdown, and ELISA were used to investigate HBHA's impact on macrophages and its relevance in Mycobacterium infection. Results: HBHA inhibited macrophage autophagy. Expression of recombinant HBHA in Mycobacterium smegmatis (rMS-HBHA) inhibited autophagy, promoting bacterial survival within macrophages. Conversely, HBHA knockout in the Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) mutant (BCG-ΔHBHA) activated autophagy and reduced bacterial survival. Mechanistic investigations revealed that HBHA may inhibit macrophage autophagy through the TLR4-dependent PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, HBHA induced macrophage M2 polarization. Conclusions: Mycobacterium may exploit HBHA to suppress the antimicrobial immune response in macrophages, facilitating intracellular survival, and immune evasion through autophagy inhibition and M2 polarization induction. Our findings may help identify novel therapeutic targets and develop more effective treatments against MTB infection.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3019-3
ISSN	1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
ISSN (online)	1537-6613
ISSN	0022-1899
DOI	10.1093/infdis/jiae030
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Article ; Online: Thermal stratification controls taste and odour compounds by regulating the phytoplankton community in a large subtropical water source reservoir (Xin'anjiang Reservoir).

Yue, Zhiying / Chen, Yuru / Wu, Zhixu / Cheng, Xinliang / Bao, Zhen / Deng, Xuwei / Shen, Hong / Liu, Jiarui / Xie, Ping / Chen, Jun

Journal of hazardous materials

2024 Volume 466, Page(s) 133539

Abstract: 2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin are compounds released by algae that significantly degrade reservoir water quality, posing a threat to both the safety of drinking water and the quality of aquatic products sourced from these environments. However, ... ...

Abstract	2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin are compounds released by algae that significantly degrade reservoir water quality, posing a threat to both the safety of drinking water and the quality of aquatic products sourced from these environments. However, few studies have explored how enhanced thermal stratification affects the occurrence and regulation of odorants in large drinking water reservoirs. Through systematic monitoring and investigation of Xin'anjiang Reservoir, we found that enhanced thermal stratification promotes filamentous cyanobacteria, particularly Leptolyngbya sp., as the primary contributor to 2-MIB production within the 1-10 m layer of the water column. The highest 2-MIB concentration, 92.5 ng/L, was recorded in the riverine region, which was 2.54 and 14.52 times higher than that in the transitional and central parts of the reservoir, respectively. Temperature indirectly impacted algal growth and odorant production by modulating TN/TP ratios. Geosmin concentration responded rapidly to relatively low TN/TP ratios (< 25). Our findings suggest that phosphorus control in estuaries should be enhanced during thermal stratification period. In summary, our study provides valuable insights to inform pragmatic water intake strategies and the distribution and release of odorants caused by thermal stratification. This is particularly relevant in the context of future global warming and extremely high temperatures during the warm season.
MeSH term(s)	Phytoplankton ; Odorants ; Taste ; Drinking Water ; Cyanobacteria/metabolism ; China ; Naphthols
Chemical Substances	geosmin (MYW912WXJ4) ; Drinking Water ; Naphthols
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491302-1
ISSN	1873-3336 ; 0304-3894
ISSN (online)	1873-3336
ISSN	0304-3894
DOI	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133539
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Article ; Online: miR-206a-3p suppresses the proliferation and differentiation of chicken chondrocytes in tibial dyschondroplasia by targeting BMP6.

Jiang, Yuru / Lu, Yuxiang / Xu, Hengyong / Hu, Zhi / Du, Ranran / Zhou, Yuxin / Deng, Qingqing / Wang, Xi / Liu, Yiping / Wang, Yan

Poultry science

2024 Volume 103, Issue 4, Page(s) 103534

Abstract: The poultry skeletal system serves multiple functions, not only providing structural integrity but also maintaining the balance of essential minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. However, in recent years, the consideration of skeletal traits has been ... ...

Abstract	The poultry skeletal system serves multiple functions, not only providing structural integrity but also maintaining the balance of essential minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. However, in recent years, the consideration of skeletal traits has been overlooked in the selective breeding of broilers, resulting in an inadequate adaptation of the skeletal system to cope with the rapid increase in body weight. Consequently, this leads to lameness and bone diseases such as tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), which significantly impact the production performance of broilers. Accumulating evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNA) play a crucial role in the differentiation, formation, and disease of cartilage. However, the miRNA-mediated molecular mechanism underlying chicken TD formation is still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the biological function and regulatory mechanism of miRNA in chicken TD formation. Based on transcriptome sequencing of tibial cartilage in the healthy group and TD group, miR-206a-3p was found to be highly expressed in TD cartilage. The function of miR-206a-3p was explored through the transfection test of miR-206a-3p mimics and miR-206a-3p inhibitor. In this study, we utilized qRT-PCR, CCK-8, EdU, western blot, and flow cytometry to detect the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of chondrocytes. The results revealed that miR-206a-3p suppressed the proliferation and differentiation of TD chondrocytes while promoting their programmed cell death. Furthermore, through biosynthesis and dual luciferase assays, it was determined that BMP6 was the direct target gene of miR-206a-3p. This finding was further supported by rescue experiments which confirmed the involvement of BMP6 in the regulatory pathway governed by miR-206a-3p. Our results suggest that miR-206a-3p can inhibits the proliferation and differentiation promote apoptosis through the target gene BMP-6 and suppressing the Smad2/3 signaling pathway in chicken TD chondrocytes.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chondrocytes/physiology ; Chickens/genetics ; Chickens/metabolism ; Osteochondrodysplasias/genetics ; Osteochondrodysplasias/veterinary ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6/metabolism ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Apoptosis
Chemical Substances	Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 ; MicroRNAs
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242586-5
ISSN	1525-3171 ; 0032-5791
ISSN (online)	1525-3171
ISSN	0032-5791
DOI	10.1016/j.psj.2024.103534
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Article ; Online: Effect of Preoperative Lifestyle Management and Prehabilitation on Postoperative Capability of Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Zhang, JiaJun / Hu, YuRu / Deng, HuiLi / Huang, ZhongMou / Huang, JianMei / Shen, Qu

Integrative cancer therapies

2024 Volume 23, Page(s) 15347354241235590

Abstract: Background: The surgical intervention serves as the paramount and prevalent remedy for individuals afflicted with colorectal malignancies, with the significance of perioperative stewardship and convalescence being indisputable. Prehabilitation coupled ... ...

Abstract	Background: The surgical intervention serves as the paramount and prevalent remedy for individuals afflicted with colorectal malignancies, with the significance of perioperative stewardship and convalescence being indisputable. Prehabilitation coupled with preoperative lifestyle modulation has demonstrated efficacy in patients subjected to certain classifications of abdominal procedures. However, the evidence pertaining to its impact on those battling colorectal cancer remains equivocal. Methods: A meta-analysis, grounded in pairwise contrast, of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was orchestrated, coupled with a systematic review, to probe the efficacy of preoperative lifestyle modulation and prehabilitation on patients' postoperative functionality and recuperation. An exhaustive exploration of 8 electronic databases and trial registries was undertaken to encompass all pertinent RCTs disseminated in English or Chinese from January 2012 through December 2022. Employing a random-effects model, we evaluated parameters such as the 6-minute walk test (6 MWT), complications, quality of life (QoL), aggregate and postoperative duration of hospitalization (tLHS and postLHS), and healthcare expenditure (HExp) for postoperative patients. Results: A total of 28 RCTs were incorporated into the systematic review and meta-analysis. Relative to conventional preoperative care, rehabilitation or preoperative lifestyle management was found to enhance postoperative 6MWT ( Conclusion: This meta-analysis delineated the efficacy of preoperative interventions on postoperative capabilities in patients with colorectal cancer, thereby offering evidence for clinical practice. It was concluded that preoperative interventions are unequivocally beneficial for postoperative functional recovery and the reduction of complication rates in patients with colorectal cancer. Nonetheless, the acquisition of more high-level evidence is still necessitated to further ascertain the effectiveness of this strategy for other patient groups and to establish its best practices. The heterogeneity in the pooled outcomes underlines the need for future studies to be more uniform in their design and reporting, which would facilitate more robust and reliable meta-analyses.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Preoperative Exercise ; Life Style ; Quality of Life ; Asian People ; Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2182320-0
ISSN	1552-695X ; 1534-7354
ISSN (online)	1552-695X
ISSN	1534-7354
DOI	10.1177/15347354241235590
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Article ; Online: Chronic inflammation, neuroglial dysfunction, and plasmalogen deficiency as a new pathobiological hypothesis addressing the overlap between post-COVID-19 symptoms and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.

Chaves-Filho, Adriano Maia / Braniff, Olivia / Angelova, Angelina / Deng, Yuru / Tremblay, Marie-Ève

Brain research bulletin

2023 Volume 201, Page(s) 110702

Abstract: After five waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks, it has been recognized that a significant portion of the affected individuals developed long-term debilitating symptoms marked by chronic fatigue, cognitive difficulties ("brain fog"), ... ...

Abstract	After five waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks, it has been recognized that a significant portion of the affected individuals developed long-term debilitating symptoms marked by chronic fatigue, cognitive difficulties ("brain fog"), post-exertional malaise, and autonomic dysfunction. The onset, progression, and clinical presentation of this condition, generically named post-COVID-19 syndrome, overlap significantly with another enigmatic condition, referred to as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Several pathobiological mechanisms have been proposed for ME/CFS, including redox imbalance, systemic and central nervous system inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Chronic inflammation and glial pathological reactivity are common hallmarks of several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders and have been consistently associated with reduced central and peripheral levels of plasmalogens, one of the major phospholipid components of cell membranes with several homeostatic functions. Of great interest, recent evidence revealed a significant reduction of plasmalogen contents, biosynthesis, and metabolism in ME/CFS and acute COVID-19, with a strong association to symptom severity and other relevant clinical outcomes. These bioactive lipids have increasingly attracted attention due to their reduced levels representing a common pathophysiological manifestation between several disorders associated with aging and chronic inflammation. However, alterations in plasmalogen levels or their lipidic metabolism have not yet been examined in individuals suffering from post-COVID-19 symptoms. Here, we proposed a pathobiological model for post-COVID-19 and ME/CFS based on their common inflammation and dysfunctional glial reactivity, and highlighted the emerging implications of plasmalogen deficiency in the underlying mechanisms. Along with the promising outcomes of plasmalogen replacement therapy (PRT) for various neurodegenerative/neuropsychiatric disorders, we sought to propose PRT as a simple, effective, and safe strategy for the potential relief of the debilitating symptoms associated with ME/CFS and post-COVID-19 syndrome.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/diagnosis ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/therapy ; Plasmalogens ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; COVID-19 ; Inflammation
Chemical Substances	Plasmalogens
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	197620-5
ISSN	1873-2747 ; 0361-9230
ISSN (online)	1873-2747
ISSN	0361-9230
DOI	10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110702
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