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Article ; Online: Biomolecular fingerprints of the effect of zoledronic acid on prostate cancer stem cells: Comparison of 2D and 3D cell culture models.

Güler, Günnur / Acikgoz, Eda / Mukhtarova, Günel / Oktem, Gulperi

2024 Volume 753, Page(s) 109920

Abstract: Revealing the potential of candidate drugs against different cancer types without disrupting normal cells depends on the drug mode of action. In the current study, the drug response of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) to zoledronic acid (ZOL) grown in ... ...

Abstract	Revealing the potential of candidate drugs against different cancer types without disrupting normal cells depends on the drug mode of action. In the current study, the drug response of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) to zoledronic acid (ZOL) grown in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture systems was compared using Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy which is a vibrational spectroscopic technique, supporting by biochemical assays and imaging techniques. Based on our data, in 2D cell culture conditions, the ZOL treatment of PCSCs isolated according to both C133 and CD44 cell surface properties induced early/late apoptosis and suppressed migration ability. The CD133 gene expression and protein levels were altered, depending on culture systems. CD133 expression was significantly reduced in 2D cells upon ZOL treatment. FT-IR data revealed that the integrity, fluidity, and ordering/disordering states of the cell membrane and nucleic acid content were altered in both 2D and 3D cells after ZOL treatment. Regular protein structures decrease in 2D cells while glycogen and protein contents increase in 3D cells, indicating a more pronounced cytotoxic effect of ZOL for 2D cells. Untreated 3D PCSCs exhibited an even different spectral profile associated with IR signals of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and glycogen in comparison to untreated 2D cells. Our study revealed significant differences in the drug response and cellular constituents between 2D and 3D cells. Exploring molecular targets and/or drug-action mechanisms is significant in cancer treatment approaches; thus, FT-IR spectroscopy can be successfully applied as a novel drug-screening method in clinical research.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Zoledronic Acid/pharmacology ; Prostate ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Cell Culture Techniques, Three Dimensional ; Glycogen ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Neoplasms
Chemical Substances	Zoledronic Acid (6XC1PAD3KF) ; Glycogen (9005-79-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	523-x
ISSN	1096-0384 ; 0003-9861
ISSN (online)	1096-0384
ISSN	0003-9861
DOI	10.1016/j.abb.2024.109920
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Article ; Online: Association of lupus anticoagulants with risk factors for obstetric complications and adverse gestational outcome.

Cagan, Murat / Donmez, Hanife Guler / Dikmen, Zeliha Gunnur / Beksac, Mehmet Sinan

Human antibodies

2023 Volume 31, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 1–8

Abstract: Background: Lupus anticoagulant (LA) may be a cause of poor obstetric outcome.: Objective: To search the association of LA with risk factors for obstetric complications and adverse gestational outcome.: Methods: This retrospective cohort was ... ...

Abstract	Background: Lupus anticoagulant (LA) may be a cause of poor obstetric outcome. Objective: To search the association of LA with risk factors for obstetric complications and adverse gestational outcome. Methods: This retrospective cohort was consisted of 2 groups of pregnancies with poor obstetric history; 1) LA (+) gestations (Study Group, n= 20) and 2) LA (-) gestations (Control Group, 78). All patients were admitted to a special antenatal care program and were examined in terms of risk factors for thrombotic events, placenta-related obstetric complications, and poor gestational outcomes. Patients were administered low-dose low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), low-dose salicylic acid and low-dose corticosteroid (if necessary) within the framework of a prophylaxis protocol in addition to their already existing medications. Results: We have shown that adverse gestational outcome was 1.7-fold more frequent in LA (+) pregnancies with poor obstetric history (p= 0.039, 70% vs. 41%). Higher rates of autoimmune diseases and hereditary thrombophilia were observed among LA (+) patients compared to LA (-) gestations (35% vs. 10.3%, p< 0.012 and 55% vs. 19.2%, p< 0.003, respectively). To identify the effectiveness of low-dose LMWH prophylaxis protocol, we compared gestational outcomes and demonstrated that the miscarriage rate was significantly decreased to half in current pregnancies compared to the previous gestations (73.6% vs. 35%, p= 0.003). Conclusions: Autoimmune diseases and hereditary thrombophilia are more frequent in LA (+) pregnancies, and these women are prone to obstetric problems. Low-dose LMWH and salicylic acid prophylaxis are critical in the management of LA (+) pregnant women.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/therapeutic use ; Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor ; Retrospective Studies ; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic/drug therapy ; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic/etiology ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome/complications ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome/drug therapy ; Thrombophilia/drug therapy ; Risk Factors ; Salicylic Acid/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor ; Salicylic Acid (O414PZ4LPZ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1383468-x
ISSN	1875-869X ; 1093-2607
ISSN (online)	1875-869X
ISSN	1093-2607
DOI	10.3233/HAB-230003
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Article ; Online: HDAC9/p300/F-actin immunoexpression and migration analysis for malignant melanoma stem cell.

Ozdemir, Merve / Ozdil, Berrin / Abdikan, Cemile Sinem Asker / Erisik, Derya / Yesin, Taha Kadir / Avci, Cıgır Biray / Kurkutçu, Yesim / Guler, Gunnur / Aktug, Huseyin

Pathology, research and practice

2023 Volume 250, Page(s) 154829

Abstract: Melanoma is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis that worsens in the metastatic phase. Distruptions of epigenetic mechanisms is known to effect cancer stem cells (CSCs) activity. Malignant melanoma (MM) progression may be promoted by changes in the ... ...

Abstract	Melanoma is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis that worsens in the metastatic phase. Distruptions of epigenetic mechanisms is known to effect cancer stem cells (CSCs) activity. Malignant melanoma (MM) progression may be promoted by changes in the genetic structure of CSC. Thus, treatments that target epigenetic modifications could be a promising weapon, especially in melanoma. Here, we compared p300, HDAC9, and F-actin proteins in melanoma CSCs (CD133+), non-CSCs (CD133-) and CHL-1 cell line, as well as cell migration and division rates. At 4 and 6 h, P300 protein levels in CHL-1 and CD133 + were remarkably similar, and the CD133- showed increases in expression levels as the incubation period lengthened. HDAC9 protein intensity decreased in CHL-1, increased in the CD133-, and remained relatively unchanged in the CD133+ as the incubation period lengthened. The mean value of F-actin expression level increased in all cell group with time, when the highest increase observed in CHL-1. In conclusion, our studies contribute to the management of metastatic diseases in the future and offer new insight into the molecular basis of the initiation and progression of MM.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-22
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391889-0
ISSN	1618-0631 ; 0344-0338
ISSN (online)	1618-0631
ISSN	0344-0338
DOI	10.1016/j.prp.2023.154829
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Article ; Online: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Biophysical and biochemical aspects of SARS-CoV-2 and general characteristics.

Güler, Günnur / Özdemir, Helin / Omar, Dilara / Akdoğan, Gül

Progress in biophysics and molecular biology

2021 Volume 164, Page(s) 3–18

Abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) arises from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is an enveloped RNA virus. COVID-19 has rapidly spread throughout the world by infecting more than 143 million people and causing 3.04 ... ...

Abstract	The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) arises from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is an enveloped RNA virus. COVID-19 has rapidly spread throughout the world by infecting more than 143 million people and causing 3.04 million deaths worldwide by 22 April 2021, confirmed by the World Health Organization. It caused great concern and pandemic all over the world, therewithal there has not been found any specific and efficient treatment yet. In the current review, we aimed to define the biophysical and biochemical aspects of SARS-CoV-2, including renin-angiotensin-system, cytokine storms, receptor binding, protein structural and functional features, molecular interactions, and conformational changes that take place during viral attachment and entering into human cells. It was also aimed to highlight the general hallmarks of COVID-19, including treatment strategies, diagnosis and even prevention. Thus, this review will serve as an updated comprehensive body of information and discussion on COVID-19 and will help the molecular scientists, biophysicists, clinicians, as well as medical engineers. Thereby, further understanding of COVID-19 will provide novel insights and advances in development of therapeutic potentials and vaccine alternatives as well as in detection of specific targets for diagnosis.
MeSH term(s)	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/chemistry ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Animals ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/metabolism ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	209302-9
ISSN	1873-1732 ; 0079-6107
ISSN (online)	1873-1732
ISSN	0079-6107
DOI	10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.05.007
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Article ; Online: Proteolysis of Micellar β-Casein by Trypsin: Secondary Structure Characterization and Kinetic Modeling at Different Enzyme Concentrations.

Vorob'ev, Mikhail M / Açıkgöz, Burçin Dersu / Güler, Günnur / Golovanov, Andrey V / Sinitsyna, Olga V

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 4

Abstract: Tryptic proteolysis of protein micelles was studied using β-casein (β-CN) as an example. Hydrolysis of specific peptide bonds in β-CN leads to the degradation and rearrangement of the original micelles and the formation of new nanoparticles from their ... ...

Abstract	Tryptic proteolysis of protein micelles was studied using β-casein (β-CN) as an example. Hydrolysis of specific peptide bonds in β-CN leads to the degradation and rearrangement of the original micelles and the formation of new nanoparticles from their fragments. Samples of these nanoparticles dried on a mica surface were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) when the proteolytic reaction had been stopped by tryptic inhibitor or by heating. The changes in the content of β-sheets, α-helices, and hydrolysis products during proteolysis were estimated by using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In the current study, a simple kinetic model with three successive stages is proposed to predict the rearrangement of nanoparticles and the formation of proteolysis products, as well as changes in the secondary structure during proteolysis at various enzyme concentrations. The model determines for which steps the rate constants are proportional to the enzyme concentration, and in which intermediate nano-components the protein secondary structure is retained and in which it is reduced. The model predictions were in agreement with the FTIR results for tryptic hydrolysis of β-CN at different concentrations of the enzyme.
MeSH term(s)	Caseins/chemistry ; Hydrolysis ; Micelles ; Proteolysis ; Trypsin/metabolism ; Kinetics
Chemical Substances	Caseins ; Micelles ; Trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24043874
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Article ; Online: Differences and similarities in biophysical and biological characteristics between U87 MG glioblastoma and astrocyte cells.

Ozdil, Berrin / Calik-Kocaturk, Duygu / Altunayar-Unsalan, Cisem / Acikgoz, Eda / Oltulu, Fatih / Gorgulu, Volkan / Uysal, Aysegul / Oktem, Gulperi / Unsalan, Ozan / Guler, Gunnur / Aktug, Huseyin

Histochemistry and cell biology

2023 Volume 161, Issue 1, Page(s) 43–57

Abstract: Current cancer studies focus on molecular-targeting diagnostics and interactions with surroundings; however, there are still gaps in characterization based on topological differences and elemental composition. Glioblastoma (GBM cells; GBMCs) is an ... ...

Abstract	Current cancer studies focus on molecular-targeting diagnostics and interactions with surroundings; however, there are still gaps in characterization based on topological differences and elemental composition. Glioblastoma (GBM cells; GBMCs) is an astrocytic aggressive brain tumor. At the molecular level, GBMCs and astrocytes may differ, and cell elemental/topological analysis is critical for identifying potential new cancer targets. Here, we used U87 MG cells for GBMCS. U87 MG cell lines, which are frequently used in glioblastoma research, are an important tool for studying the various features and underlying mechanisms of this aggressive brain tumor. For the first time, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) accompanied by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used to report the topology and chemistry of cancer (U87 MG) and healthy (SVG p12) cells. In addition, F-actin staining and cytoskeleton-based gene expression analyses were performed. The degree of gene expression for genes related to the cytoskeleton was similar; however, the intensity of F-actin, anisotropy values, and invasion-related genes were different. Morphologically, GBMCs were longer and narrower while astrocytes were shorter and more disseminated based on AFM. Furthermore, the roughness values of these cells differed slightly between the two call types. In contrast to the rougher astrocyte surfaces in the lamellipodial area, SEM-EDS analysis showed that elongated GBMCs displayed filopodial protrusions. Our investigation provides considerable further insight into rapid cancer cell characterization in terms of a combinatorial spectroscopic and microscopic approach.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Glioblastoma/metabolism ; Astrocytes/metabolism ; Astrocytes/pathology ; Actins ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology
Chemical Substances	Actins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1222930-1
ISSN	1432-119X ; 0301-5564 ; 0948-6143
ISSN (online)	1432-119X
ISSN	0301-5564 ; 0948-6143
DOI	10.1007/s00418-023-02234-0
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Article ; Online: Effect of Flavopiridol on Cell Cycle, Apoptosis and Biomolecule Structure Changes in Breast Cancer Stem Cells

Eda AÇIKGÖZ / Günnur GÜLER / Gülperi ÖKTEM

Bezmiâlem Science, Vol 8, Iss 3, Pp 275-

2020 Volume 281

Abstract: Objective:Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population in cancer, which are responsible for therapeutic resistance, relapse and metastasis. Flavopiridol has antitumor activity against various types of cancer cells. The mechanism of action of ... ...

Abstract	Objective:Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population in cancer, which are responsible for therapeutic resistance, relapse and metastasis. Flavopiridol has antitumor activity against various types of cancer cells. The mechanism of action of flavopiridol on CD44+/CD24- breast CSCs has not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of action of flavopiridol on breast CSCs (BCSC) in terms of apoptosis, cell cycle and biomolecular changes.Methods:In human breast cancer, cells with CD44+/CD24− markers were isolated from MCF-7 cell line using flow cytometry. The induction of apoptosis was investigated by Annexin-V. The effect of flavopiridol on cell cycle arrest was determined and the percent of cell populations at G0/G1, S and G2/M cycles were identified. The effect of the drug on three-dimensional cell cultures was investigated using a multicellular tumor spheroid model. In addition, the effect of flavopiridol on biomolecules has been evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which has recently been used effectively in various scientific fields.Results:Flavopiridol especially induced early apoptosis. Cell cycle analyses revealed that flavopiridol induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. Decreased number and diameter of spheroids was observed following flavopiridol treatment. ATR-FTIR data showed that treatment with flavopiridol led to significant changes in nucleic acids.Conclusion:According to the data obtained in this study, flavopiridol exhibits anticancer effects by altering the structure/ expression level of nucleic acids and changing cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis. These finding reveals that flavopiridol can be an effective antitumor agent for the treatment of breast cancer after in vivo and phase studies are completed.
Keywords	flavopiridol ; breast cancer ; cancer stem cell ; apoptosis ; cell cycle ; ftir spectroscopy ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Galenos Publishing House
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Characterization of CD133

Güler, Günnur / Guven, Ummu / Oktem, Gulperi

The Analyst

2019 Volume 144, Issue 6, Page(s) 2138–2149

Abstract: Current cancer treatments destroy the tumor mass but cannot prevent the recurrence of cancer. The heterogeneous structure of the tumor mass includes cancer stem cells that are responsible for tumor relapse, treatment resistance, invasion and metastasis. ... ...

Abstract	Current cancer treatments destroy the tumor mass but cannot prevent the recurrence of cancer. The heterogeneous structure of the tumor mass includes cancer stem cells that are responsible for tumor relapse, treatment resistance, invasion and metastasis. The biology of these cells is still not fully understood; therefore, effective treatments cannot be developed sufficiently. Herein, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, combined with unsupervised multivariate analysis, was applied to prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs), non-stem cancer cells (non-CSCs) and normal prostate epithelial cells to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and features of CSCs, which are crucial to improving the target specific therapies. This work revealed the spectral differences in the cellular mechanisms and biochemical structures among three different cell types. Particularly, prostate CSCs exhibit differences in the lipid composition and dynamics when compared to other cell types. CSCs also harbor pronounced differences in their major cellular macromolecules, including differences in the protein amount and content (mainly α-helices), the abundance of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA), altered nucleic acid conformation and carbohydrate composition. Interestingly, macromolecules containing the C[double bond, length as m-dash]O groups and negatively charged molecules having the COO
MeSH term(s)	AC133 Antigen/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism ; Male ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/methods ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
Chemical Substances	AC133 Antigen ; CD44 protein, human ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; PROM1 protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	210747-8
ISSN	1364-5528 ; 0003-2654
ISSN (online)	1364-5528
ISSN	0003-2654
DOI	10.1039/c9an00093c
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Article ; Online: A novel method for sensitive microRNA detection: Electropolymerization based doping.

Kaplan, Merve / Kilic, Tugba / Guler, Gunnur / Mandli, Jihane / Amine, Aziz / Ozsoz, Mehmet

Biosensors & bioelectronics

2017 Volume 92, Page(s) 770–778

Abstract: In the proposed study, for the first time, sensitive electrochemical detection of a breast cancer biomarker microRNA (miRNA), mir-21 was achieved via electropolymerized polypyrrole (PPy) modified pencil graphite electrodes (PPy/PGE). The detection of ... ...

Abstract	In the proposed study, for the first time, sensitive electrochemical detection of a breast cancer biomarker microRNA (miRNA), mir-21 was achieved via electropolymerized polypyrrole (PPy) modified pencil graphite electrodes (PPy/PGE). The detection of hybridization of electrochemically doped probe miRNA, antimir-21, with its complementary target, mir-21 was monitored by either electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) via comparison of charge transfer resistance (R
MeSH term(s)	Biosensing Techniques/methods ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Dielectric Spectroscopy/methods ; Electrochemical Techniques/methods ; Electrodes ; Female ; Graphite/chemistry ; Humans ; Limit of Detection ; MCF-7 Cells ; MicroRNAs/analysis ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization/methods ; Polymerization ; Polymers/chemistry ; Pyrroles/chemistry ; RNA Probes/chemistry ; RNA Probes/genetics
Chemical Substances	MIRN21 microRNA, human ; MicroRNAs ; Polymers ; Pyrroles ; RNA Probes ; polypyrrole (30604-81-0) ; Graphite (7782-42-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1011023-9
ISSN	1873-4235 ; 0956-5663
ISSN (online)	1873-4235
ISSN	0956-5663
DOI	10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.050
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Article ; Online: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition in glioblastoma multiforme cells induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and changing biomolecular structure.

Acikgoz, Eda / Güler, Günnur / Camlar, Mahmut / Oktem, Gulperi / Aktug, Huseyin

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy

2018 Volume 209, Page(s) 150–164

Abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant and aggressive primary human brain tumors. The regulatory pathways of apoptosis are altered in GBMs, leading to a survival advantage of the tumor cells. Thus, identification of target molecules, which ... ...

Abstract	Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant and aggressive primary human brain tumors. The regulatory pathways of apoptosis are altered in GBMs, leading to a survival advantage of the tumor cells. Thus, identification of target molecules, which are effective in triggering of the cell death mechanisms in GBM, is an essential strategy for therapeutic purposes. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) plays an important role in apoptosis, proliferation and cell cycle. This study focused on the effect of GSK-3 inhibitor IX in the GBM cells. Apoptosis induction was determined by Annexin-V assay, multicaspase activity and immunofluorescence analyses. Concentration-dependent effects of GSK-3 inhibitor IX on the cell cycle were also evaluated. Moreover, the effect of GSK inhibitor on the cellular biomolecules was assessed by using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Our assay results indicated that GSK-3 inhibitor IX induces apoptosis, resulting in a significant increase in the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-8 proteins. Cell cycle analyses revealed that GSK-3 inhibitor IX leads to dose-dependent G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest. Based on the FTIR data, treatment of GBM cells causes dysregulation in the carbohydrate metabolism and induces apoptotic cell death which was characterized by the spectral alterations in nucleic acids, an increment in the lipid amount with disordering state and compositional changes in the cellular proteins. These findings suggest that GSK-3 inhibitor IX exhibits anti-cancer effects by inducing apoptosis and changing biomolecular structure of membrane lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins, and thus, may be further evaluated as a potential effective candidate agent for the GBM combination therapies.
MeSH term(s)	Apoptosis/drug effects ; Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Brain Neoplasms/enzymology ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Glioblastoma/drug therapy ; Glioblastoma/enzymology ; Glioblastoma/pathology ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors ; Humans ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
Chemical Substances	Enzyme Inhibitors ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (EC 2.7.11.26)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	210413-1
ISSN	1873-3557 ; 0370-8322 ; 0584-8539 ; 1386-1425
ISSN (online)	1873-3557
ISSN	0370-8322 ; 0584-8539 ; 1386-1425
DOI	10.1016/j.saa.2018.10.036
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