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  1. Article ; Online: Coronaviruses and the central nervous system.

    Morgello, Susan

    Journal of neurovirology

    2020  Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 459–473

    Abstract: Seven coronavirus (CoV) species are known human pathogens: the epidemic viruses SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV and those continuously circulating in human populations since initial isolation: HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-NL63. All have ... ...

    Abstract Seven coronavirus (CoV) species are known human pathogens: the epidemic viruses SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV and those continuously circulating in human populations since initial isolation: HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-NL63. All have associations with human central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. In infants and young children, the most common CNS phenomena are febrile seizures; in adults, non-focal abnormalities that may be either neurologic or constitutional. Neurotropism and neurovirulence are dependent in part on CNS expression of cell surface receptors mediating viral entry, and host immune response. In adults, CNS receptors for epidemic viruses are largely expressed on brain vasculature, whereas receptors for less pathogenic viruses are present in vasculature, brain parenchyma, and olfactory neuroepithelium, dependent upon viral species. Human coronaviruses can infect circulating mononuclear cells, but meningoencephalitis is rare. Well-documented human neuropathologies are infrequent and, for SARS, MERS, and COVID-19, can entail cerebrovascular accidents originating extrinsically to brain. There is evidence of neuronal infection in the absence of inflammatory infiltrates with SARS-CoV, and CSF studies of rare patients with seizures have demonstrated virus but no pleocytosis. In contrast to human disease, animal models of neuropathogenesis are well developed, and pathologies including demyelination, neuronal necrosis, and meningoencephalitis are seen with both native CoVs as well as human CoVs inoculated into nasal cavities or brain. This review covers basic CoV biology pertinent to CNS disease; the spectrum of clinical abnormalities encountered in infants, children, and adults; and the evidence for CoV infection of human brain, with reference to pertinent animal models of neuropathogenesis.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronaviridae ; Coronaviridae Infections/virology ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Meningitis, Viral/pathology ; Meningitis, Viral/virology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1283265-0
    ISSN 1538-2443 ; 1355-0284
    ISSN (online) 1538-2443
    ISSN 1355-0284
    DOI 10.1007/s13365-020-00868-7
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    Zs.A 4426: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article: HIV neuropathology.

    Morgello, Susan

    Handbook of clinical neurology

    2018  Volume 152, Page(s) 3–19

    Abstract: Primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) neuropathologies can affect all levels of the neuraxis and occur in all stages of natural history disease. Some, like HIV encephalitis, HIV myelitis, and diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis of peripheral nerve, ... ...

    Abstract Primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) neuropathologies can affect all levels of the neuraxis and occur in all stages of natural history disease. Some, like HIV encephalitis, HIV myelitis, and diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis of peripheral nerve, reflect productive infection of the nervous system; others, like vacuolar myelopathy, distal symmetric polyneuropathy, and central and peripheral nervous system demyelination, are not clearly related to regional viral replication, and reflect more complex cascades of dysregulated host immunity and metabolic dysfunction. In pediatric patients, the spectrum of neuropathology is altered by the impacts of HIV on a developing nervous system, with microcephaly, abundant brain mineralization, and corticospinal tract degeneration as examples of this unique interaction. With efficacious therapies, CD8 T-cell encephalitis is emerging as a significant entity; often this is clinically recognized as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, but has also been described in the context of viral escape and treatment interruption. The relationship of HIV neuropathology to clinical symptoms is sometimes straightforward, and sometimes mysterious, as individuals can manifest significant deficits in the absence of discrete lesions. However, at all stages of the natural history disease, neuroinflammation is abundant, and critical to the generation of clinical abnormality. Neuropathologic and neurobiologic investigations will be central to understanding HIV nervous system disorders in the era of efficacious therapies.
    MeSH term(s) AIDS Dementia Complex/diagnosis ; AIDS Dementia Complex/epidemiology ; AIDS Dementia Complex/therapy ; Animals ; Brain/pathology ; Brain/virology ; Brain Diseases/diagnosis ; Brain Diseases/epidemiology ; Brain Diseases/therapy ; Encephalitis/diagnosis ; Encephalitis/epidemiology ; Encephalitis/therapy ; HIV Infections/diagnosis ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/therapy ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis ; Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology ; Polyneuropathies/diagnosis ; Polyneuropathies/epidemiology ; Polyneuropathies/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-05-07
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 0072-9752
    ISSN 0072-9752
    DOI 10.1016/B978-0-444-63849-6.00002-5
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  3. Article: Coronaviruses and the central nervous system

    Morgello, Susan

    J Neurovirol

    Abstract: Seven coronavirus (CoV) species are known human pathogens: the epidemic viruses SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV and those continuously circulating in human populations since initial isolation: HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-NL63. All have ... ...

    Abstract Seven coronavirus (CoV) species are known human pathogens: the epidemic viruses SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV and those continuously circulating in human populations since initial isolation: HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-NL63. All have associations with human central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. In infants and young children, the most common CNS phenomena are febrile seizures; in adults, non-focal abnormalities that may be either neurologic or constitutional. Neurotropism and neurovirulence are dependent in part on CNS expression of cell surface receptors mediating viral entry, and host immune response. In adults, CNS receptors for epidemic viruses are largely expressed on brain vasculature, whereas receptors for less pathogenic viruses are present in vasculature, brain parenchyma, and olfactory neuroepithelium, dependent upon viral species. Human coronaviruses can infect circulating mononuclear cells, but meningoencephalitis is rare. Well-documented human neuropathologies are infrequent and, for SARS, MERS, and COVID-19, can entail cerebrovascular accidents originating extrinsically to brain. There is evidence of neuronal infection in the absence of inflammatory infiltrates with SARS-CoV, and CSF studies of rare patients with seizures have demonstrated virus but no pleocytosis. In contrast to human disease, animal models of neuropathogenesis are well developed, and pathologies including demyelination, neuronal necrosis, and meningoencephalitis are seen with both native CoVs as well as human CoVs inoculated into nasal cavities or brain. This review covers basic CoV biology pertinent to CNS disease; the spectrum of clinical abnormalities encountered in infants, children, and adults; and the evidence for CoV infection of human brain, with reference to pertinent animal models of neuropathogenesis.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #690864
    Database COVID19

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  4. Article ; Online: Age, cognitive status, and accuracy of ADL self-reports in adults living with HIV.

    Clarke, Yusuf / Morgello, Susan / Byrd, Desiree A

    AIDS care

    2022  Volume 35, Issue 2, Page(s) 289–295

    Abstract: Determination of functional capacity in cognitively impaired persons living with HIV (PLHIV) is pivotal to the accurate diagnosis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Functional data is typically collected through self-report. Reliability ... ...

    Abstract Determination of functional capacity in cognitively impaired persons living with HIV (PLHIV) is pivotal to the accurate diagnosis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Functional data is typically collected through self-report. Reliability concerns arise with memory and executive functioning impairments, which could compromise the integrity of self-report and result in inaccurate HAND diagnoses. The current study tested the accuracy of older PLHIV functional reports through examination of concordance rates between self-report and caregiver's (CG) report. Cross-sectional cognitive, mood, and functional status data were sampled from the Manhattan HIV Brain Bank. Participants and caregivers independently completed an Activities of Daily Living (ADL) questionnaire, producing 78 participant-caregiver dyads. Functional report concordance was operationalized by calculating differences between participant and CG ADL total scores. Assessment pairs differing by 2 or more points were considered to be discordant. Analyses revealed that one-third of the patient sample was discordant in the ADL report. ANOVA revealed that PLHIV overestimating their functional impairments, were significantly older, more educated, and more depressed than other participants. Global cognitive functioning was not associated with concordance. Thus, the majority of PLHIV were consistent with their caregivers' ADL report, and older age and increased depressive symptomatology, but not cognitive status, were factors associated with discordance.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adult ; Activities of Daily Living/psychology ; Self Report ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/psychology ; Caregivers/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1012651-x
    ISSN 1360-0451 ; 0954-0121
    ISSN (online) 1360-0451
    ISSN 0954-0121
    DOI 10.1080/09540121.2022.2113759
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    Zs.A 2799: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: Neuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein predicts stable memory impairment in people living with HIV.

    Gonzalez, Jairo / Wilson, Alyssa / Byrd, Desiree / Cortes, Etty P / Crary, John F / Morgello, Susan

    AIDS (London, England)

    2023  Volume 37, Issue 8, Page(s) 1247–1256

    Abstract: Objectives: As lifespans increase in people with HIV (PWH), there is concern that age-related neurodegenerative disorders may contribute to cognitive decline. We asked whether brain accumulation of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated proteins amyloid- ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: As lifespans increase in people with HIV (PWH), there is concern that age-related neurodegenerative disorders may contribute to cognitive decline. We asked whether brain accumulation of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated proteins amyloid-beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) predicted cognitive performance in middle-aged PWH.
    Methods: In a prospectively followed, cognitively-characterized autopsy sample of 135 PWH, we used immunohistochemistry to assess Aβ plaques and neuronal p-tau in medial temporal and lateral frontal lobes. These pathologies were tested for associations with cognitive performance in seven domains: motor, speed of information processing, working memory, memory encoding, memory retrieval, verbal fluency, and abstraction/executive function. Univariate and multivariate analyses accounting for HIV-associated variables, reading level, and comorbidities were conducted. Longitudinal trajectories of memory functions were evaluated in 60 individuals with a median follow-up of 6.0 years.
    Results: In this population with mean age 51.4 ± 0.9 years, 58% displayed neuronal p-tau and 29% Aβ plaques. Neuronal p-tau, but not Aβ, predicted worse memory encoding and retrieval, but not other cognitive functions. With an ordinal hierarchy of neuronal p-tau locations (entorhinal, hippocampal, neocortical), decreased memory performance correlated with neocortical distribution. Memory function trajectories could not be distinguished between individuals with and without neuronal p-tau, and over 80% of the sample showed no change over time.
    Conclusion: In this middle-aged sample, neuronal p-tau accumulation contributes to memory deficits, but is not associated with accelerated decline in function over time. In the absence of AD-like deterioration, other etiologies for neuronal p-tau in cognitively impaired PWH must be considered.
    MeSH term(s) Middle Aged ; Humans ; tau Proteins ; HIV Infections/complications ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Memory Disorders ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Memory, Short-Term ; Positron-Emission Tomography
    Chemical Substances tau Proteins ; Amyloid beta-Peptides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639076-6
    ISSN 1473-5571 ; 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
    ISSN (online) 1473-5571
    ISSN 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
    DOI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003556
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    Zs.A 2228: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Predictors of hippocampal tauopathy in people with and at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection.

    Nader, Sophie / Karlovich, Esma / Cortes, Etty P / Insausti, Ricardo / Meloni, Gregory / Jacobs, Michelle / Crary, John F / Morgello, Susan

    Journal of neurovirology

    2023  Volume 29, Issue 6, Page(s) 647–657

    Abstract: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has extended lifespans of people living with HIV (PWH), increasing both the risk for age-related neuropathologies and the importance of distinguishing effects of HIV and its comorbidities from neurodegenerative ... ...

    Abstract Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has extended lifespans of people living with HIV (PWH), increasing both the risk for age-related neuropathologies and the importance of distinguishing effects of HIV and its comorbidities from neurodegenerative disorders. The accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) in hippocampus is a common degenerative change, with specific patterns of hippocampal subfield vulnerability observed in different disease contexts. Currently, associations between chronic HIV, its comorbidities, and p-tau burden and distribution in the hippocampus are unexplored. We used immunohistochemistry with antibody AT8 to analyze hippocampal p-tau in brain tissues of PWH (n = 71) and HIV negative controls (n = 25), for whom comprehensive clinical data were available. Using a morphology-based neuroanatomical segmentation protocol, we annotated digital slide images to measure percentage p-tau areas in the hippocampus and its subfields. Factors predicting p-tau burden and distribution were identified in univariate analyses, and those with significance at p ≤ 0.100 were advanced to multivariable regression. The patient sample had a mean age of 61.5 years. Age predicted overall hippocampal p-tau burden. Subfield p-tau predictors were for Cornu Ammonis (CA)1, age; for CA2 and subiculum, seizure history; for CA3, seizure history and head trauma; and for CA4/dentate, history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In this autopsy sample, hippocampal p-tau burden and distribution were not predicted by HIV, viral load, or immunologic status, with viral effects limited to associations between HCV and CA4/dentate vulnerability. Hippocampal p-tau pathologies in cART-era PWH appear to reflect age and comorbidities, but not direct effects of HIV infection.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Middle Aged ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Hippocampus/pathology ; Tauopathies/pathology ; Seizures/pathology ; Hepatitis C/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1283265-0
    ISSN 1538-2443 ; 1355-0284
    ISSN (online) 1538-2443
    ISSN 1355-0284
    DOI 10.1007/s13365-023-01181-9
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    Zs.A 4426: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Pathology-based brain arterial disease phenotypes and their radiographic correlates.

    Gutierrez, Jose / Bos, Daniel / Turan, Tanya N / Hoh, Brian / Hilal, Saima / Arenillas, Juan F / Schneider, Julie A / Chimowitz I, Marc / Morgello, Susan

    Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association

    2024  Volume 33, Issue 6, Page(s) 107642

    Abstract: Introduction: Brain arterial diseases, including atherosclerosis, vasculitis, and dissections, are major contributors to cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. These diseases not only increase the risk of stroke but also play a significant ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Brain arterial diseases, including atherosclerosis, vasculitis, and dissections, are major contributors to cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. These diseases not only increase the risk of stroke but also play a significant role in neurodegeneration and dementia. Clear and unambiguous terminology and classification of brain arterial disease phenotypes is crucial for research and clinical practice.
    Material and methods: This review aims to summarize and harmonize the terminology used for brain large and small arterial phenotypes based on pathology studies and relate them to imaging phenotypes used in medical research and clinical practice.
    Conclusions and results: Arteriosclerosis refers to hardening of the arteries but does not specify the underlying etiology. Specific terms such as atherosclerosis, calcification, or non-atherosclerotic fibroplasia are preferred. Atherosclerosis is defined pathologically by an atheroma. Other brain arterial pathologies occur and should be distinguished from atherosclerosis given therapeutic implications. On brain imaging, intracranial arterial luminal stenosis is usually attributed to atherosclerosis in the presence of atherosclerotic risk factors but advanced high-resolution arterial wall imaging has the potential to more accurately identify the underlying pathology. Regarding small vessel disease, arteriosclerosis is ambiguous and arteriolosclerosis is often used to denote the involvement of arterioles rather than arteries. Lipohyalinosis is sometimes used synonymously with arteriolosclerosis, but less accurately describes this common small vessel thickening which uncommonly shows lipid. Specific measures of small vessel wall thickness, the relationship to the lumen as well as changes in the layer composition might convey objective, measurable data regarding the status of brain small vessels.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1131675-5
    ISSN 1532-8511 ; 1052-3057
    ISSN (online) 1532-8511
    ISSN 1052-3057
    DOI 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107642
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    Zs.A 3519: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Longitudinal analysis of CSF HIV RNA in untreated people with HIV: Identification of CSF controllers.

    Trunfio, Mattia / Tang, Bin / Okwuegbuna, Oluwakemi / Iudicello, Jennifer E / Bharti, Ajay / Moore, David J / Gelman, Benjamin B / Morgello, Susan / Patel, Payal B / Rubin, Leah H / Ances, Beau M / Gianella, Sara / Heaton, Robert K / Ellis, Ronald J / Letendre, Scott L

    Journal of medical virology

    2024  Volume 96, Issue 3, Page(s) e29550

    Abstract: Interindividual variation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA setpoint in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its determinants are poorly understood, but relevant for HIV neuropathology, brain reservoirs, viral escape, and reseeding after antiretroviral ... ...

    Abstract Interindividual variation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA setpoint in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its determinants are poorly understood, but relevant for HIV neuropathology, brain reservoirs, viral escape, and reseeding after antiretroviral interruptions. Longitudinal multicentric study on demographic, clinical, and laboratory correlates of CSF HIV RNA in 2000 follow-up visits from 597 people with HIV (PWH) off antiretroviral therapy (ART) and with plasma HIV RNA > the lower limit of quantification (LLQ). Factors associated with CSF control (CSFC; CSF HIV RNA < LLQ while plasma HIV RNA > LLQ) and with CSF/plasma discordance (CSF > plasma HIV RNA > LLQ) were also assessed through mixed-effects models. Posthoc and sensitivity analyses were performed for persistent CSFC and ART-naïve participants, respectively. Over a median follow-up of 2.1 years, CSF HIV RNA was associated with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CSF leukocytes, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, biomarkers of iron and lipid metabolism, serum globulins, past exposure to lamivudine, and plasma HIV RNA (model p < 0.0001). CSFC (persistent in 7.7% over 3 years) and CSF/plasma discordance (persistent in <0.01% over 1 year) were variably associated with the same parameters (model p < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses confirmed most of the previous associations in participants never exposed to ART. Persistent CSFC was associated with higher CD4
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; HIV-1/genetics ; RNA, Viral ; HIV Infections ; Iron ; Serum Globulins/metabolism ; Serum Globulins/therapeutic use ; Viral Load
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral ; Iron (E1UOL152H7) ; Serum Globulins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 752392-0
    ISSN 1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
    ISSN (online) 1096-9071
    ISSN 0146-6615
    DOI 10.1002/jmv.29550
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    Zs.A 1320: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Frontal lobe microglia, neurodegenerative protein accumulation, and cognitive function in people with HIV.

    Murray, Jacinta / Meloni, Gregory / Cortes, Etty P / KimSilva, Ariadna / Jacobs, Michelle / Ramkissoon, Alyssa / Crary, John F / Morgello, Susan

    Acta neuropathologica communications

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 69

    Abstract: Microglia are implicated in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathogenesis. In a middle-aged cohort enriched for neuroinflammation, we asked whether microgliosis was related to neocortical amyloid beta (A[Formula: see text]) deposition and neuronal phosphorylated ...

    Abstract Microglia are implicated in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathogenesis. In a middle-aged cohort enriched for neuroinflammation, we asked whether microgliosis was related to neocortical amyloid beta (A[Formula: see text]) deposition and neuronal phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and whether microgliosis predicted cognition. Frontal lobe tissue from 191 individuals autopsied with detectable (HIV-D) and undetectable (HIV-U) HIV infection, and 63 age-matched controls were examined. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate A[Formula: see text] plaques and neuronal p-tau, and quantitate microgliosis with markers Iba1, CD163, and CD68 in large regions of cortex. Glia in the A[Formula: see text] plaque microenvironment were quantitated by immunofluorescence (IF). The relationship of microgliosis to cognition was evaluated. No relationship between A[Formula: see text] or p-tau accumulation and overall severity of microgliosis was discerned. Individuals with uncontrolled HIV had the greatest microgliosis, but fewer A[Formula: see text] plaques; they also had higher prevalence of APOE [Formula: see text]4 alleles, but died earlier than other groups. HIV group status was the only variable predicting microgliosis over large frontal regions. In contrast, in the A[Formula: see text] plaque microenvironment, APOE [Formula: see text]4 status and sex were dominant predictors of glial infiltrates, with smaller contributions of HIV status. Cognition correlated with large-scale microgliosis in HIV-D, but not HIV-U, individuals. In this autopsy cohort, over large regions of cortex, HIV status predicts microgliosis, whereas in the A[Formula: see text] plaque microenvironment, traditional risk factors of AD (APOE [Formula: see text]4 and sex) are stronger determinants. While microgliosis does not predict neurodegenerative protein deposition, it does predict cognition in HIV-D. Increased neuroinflammation does not initiate amyloid deposition in a younger group with enhanced genetic risk. However, once A[Formula: see text] deposits are established, APOE [Formula: see text]4 predicts increased plaque-associated inflammation.
    MeSH term(s) Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Apolipoproteins E/metabolism ; Cognition ; Frontal Lobe/metabolism ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/metabolism ; HIV Infections/pathology ; Humans ; Microglia/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Plaque, Amyloid/pathology ; tau Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Apolipoproteins E ; tau Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2715589-4
    ISSN 2051-5960 ; 2051-5960
    ISSN (online) 2051-5960
    ISSN 2051-5960
    DOI 10.1186/s40478-022-01375-y
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  10. Article ; Online: Elevated Plasma Protein Carbonyl Concentration Is Associated with More Abnormal White Matter in People with HIV.

    Riggs, Patricia K / Anderson, Albert M / Tang, Bin / Rubin, Leah H / Morgello, Susan / Marra, Christina M / Gelman, Benjamin B / Clifford, David B / Franklin, Donald / Heaton, Robert K / Ellis, Ronald J / Fennema-Notestine, Christine / Letendre, Scott L

    Viruses

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 12

    Abstract: Structural brain abnormalities, including those in white matter (WM), remain common in people with HIV (PWH). Their pathogenesis is uncertain and may reflect multiple etiologies. Oxidative stress is associated with inflammation, HIV, and its ... ...

    Abstract Structural brain abnormalities, including those in white matter (WM), remain common in people with HIV (PWH). Their pathogenesis is uncertain and may reflect multiple etiologies. Oxidative stress is associated with inflammation, HIV, and its comorbidities. The post-translational carbonylation of proteins results from oxidative stress, and circulating protein carbonyls may reflect this. In this cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated the associations between protein carbonyls and a panel of soluble biomarkers of neuronal injury and inflammation in plasma (N = 45) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF,
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Female ; White Matter/diagnostic imaging ; White Matter/pathology ; Protein Carbonylation ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/pathology ; Blood Proteins ; Inflammation/pathology
    Chemical Substances Blood Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v15122410
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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