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Article ; Online: Optionen zur Therapie der felinen infektiösen Peritonitis – früher und heute.

Krentz, Daniela / Bergmann, Michèle / Felten, Sandra / Hartmann, Katrin

Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere

2023 Volume 51, Issue 5, Page(s) 351–360.

Abstract: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is one of the most common infectious diseases in cats that is fatal when untreated. So far, there is no legally available effective treatment in Germany. Treatment options include only symptomatic treatment (e. g. ... ...

Title translation	Options for treatment of feline infectious peritonitis - previously and today.
Abstract	Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is one of the most common infectious diseases in cats that is fatal when untreated. So far, there is no legally available effective treatment in Germany. Treatment options include only symptomatic treatment (e. g. glucocorticoids, propentofylline), immunomodulatory approaches (e. g. interferons, polyprenyl immunostimulant), and antiviral chemotherapy with protease inhibitors (e. g. GC376) or nucleoside analogues (e. g. GS-441524, remdesivir). Symptomatic treatment does not cure FIP but may lead to a short-term improvement of clinical signs in a subset of cats. Immunomodulatory treatment has also not shown to be very promising. In contrary, the antiviral compounds GS-441524 and GC376 exhibited significant efficacy in several studies and their use saved the lives of many cats suffering from FIP. However, both agents are currently not licensed and thus cannot be legally administered by veterinarians in Germany. Legally, cats may only be legally treated with GS-441524 in a few countries (e.g. Great Britain and Australia). In other countries, GS-441524 is imported by cat owners via the black market and administered on their own. This article provides an overview of the available treatment options and an outlook on the legal use of effective antiviral drugs.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cats ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Cat Diseases/drug therapy ; Feline Infectious Peritonitis/drug therapy ; Sulfonic Acids/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; GC376 (H1NMJ5XDG5) ; Sulfonic Acids
Language	German
Publishing date	2023-11-13
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2567-5842
ISSN (online)	2567-5842
DOI	10.1055/a-2147-3999
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: [No title information]

Krentz, Daniela / Bergmann, Michèle / Felten, Sandra / Hartmann, Katrin

Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere

2023 Volume 51, Issue 05, Page(s) 351–360.

Abstract: Die feline infektiöse Peritonitis (FIP) ist eine der häufigsten Infektionskrankheiten bei Katzen und verläuft unbehandelt tödlich. Bisher gibt es in Deutschland keine legal verfügbare wirksame ... ...

Abstract	Die feline infektiöse Peritonitis (FIP) ist eine der häufigsten Infektionskrankheiten bei Katzen und verläuft unbehandelt tödlich. Bisher gibt es in Deutschland keine legal verfügbare wirksame Therapie. Therapieoptionen reichen von der symptomatischen Therapie (z. B. Glukokortikoide, Propentofyllin) über immunmodulatorische Ansätze (z. B. Interferone, Polyprenyl-Immunstimulanz) bis hin zur antiviralen Therapie mit einem Protease-Inhibitor (z. B. GC376) oder Nukleosid-Analoga (z. B. GS-441524, Remdesivir). Die symptomatische Therapie führt nicht zur Heilung der FIP, sondern nur zu einer kurzzeitigen Verbesserung der klinischen Symptome bei wenigen Katzen. Auch eine immunmodulatorische Therapie stellte sich als wenig erfolgversprechend heraus. Die antiviralen Medikamente GS-441524 und GC376 waren in mehreren Studien hochwirksam und konnten das Leben vieler an FIP erkrankten Katzen retten. Beide Wirkstoffe sind aktuell in Deutschland nicht zugelassen und können von Tierärzten nicht legal angewendet werden. Katzen dürfen aktuell nur in wenigen Ländern (z. B. Großbritannien und Australien) legal mit GS-441524 therapiert werden. GS-441524 wird daher von Katzenbesitzern in vielen anderen Ländern über den Schwarzmarkt bestellt und in Eigenregie angewendet. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über verfügbare Therapieoptionen und einen Ausblick zur legalen Anwendung wirksamer antiviraler Medikamente.
Keywords	FIP ; Behandlung ; antivirale Chemotherapie ; GS-441524 ; FCoV ; felines Coronavirus ; FIP ; treatment ; antiviral chemotherapy ; GS-441524 ; FCoV ; felines Coronavirus
Language	German
Publishing date	2023-10-01
Publisher	Georg Thieme Verlag
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ISSN	2567-5842 ; 1434-1239
ISSN (online)	2567-5842
ISSN	1434-1239
DOI	10.1055/a-2147-3999
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article ; Online: Diagnosis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis: A Review of the Current Literature.

Felten, Sandra / Hartmann, Katrin

Viruses

2019 Volume 11, Issue 11

Abstract: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease that poses several challenges for veterinarians: clinical signs and laboratory changes are non-specific, and there are two pathotypes of the etiologic agent feline coronavirus (FCoV), sometimes ... ...

Abstract	Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease that poses several challenges for veterinarians: clinical signs and laboratory changes are non-specific, and there are two pathotypes of the etiologic agent feline coronavirus (FCoV), sometimes referred to as feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) that vary fundamentally in their virulence, but are indistinguishable by a number of diagnostic methods. This review focuses on all important steps every veterinary practitioner has to deal with and new diagnostic tests that can be considered when encountering a cat with suspected FIP with the aim to establish a definitive diagnosis. It gives an overview on all available direct and indirect diagnostic tests and their sensitivity and specificity reported in the literature in different sample material. By providing summarized data for sensitivity and specificity of each diagnostic test and each sample material, which can easily be accessed in tables, this review can help to facilitate the interpretation of different diagnostic tests and raise awareness of their advantages and limitations. Additionally, diagnostic trees depict recommended diagnostic steps that should be performed in cats suspected of having FIP based on their clinical signs or clinicopathologic abnormalities. These steps can easily be followed in clinical practice.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigen-Antibody Complex/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Biomarkers ; Cats ; Coronavirus, Feline/genetics ; Coronavirus, Feline/immunology ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Feline Infectious Peritonitis/diagnosis ; Feline Infectious Peritonitis/immunology ; Feline Infectious Peritonitis/virology ; Immunoassay/methods ; Immunohistochemistry/methods ; Immunohistochemistry/standards ; Macrophages/immunology ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Macrophages/virology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Antigens, Viral ; Biomarkers
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v11111068
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Diagnosis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis: A Review of the Current Literature

Felten, Sandra / Hartmann, Katrin

Viruses. 2019 Nov. 15, v. 11, no. 11

2019

Abstract	Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease that poses several challenges for veterinarians: clinical signs and laboratory changes are non-specific, and there are two pathotypes of the etiologic agent feline coronavirus (FCoV), sometimes referred to as feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) that vary fundamentally in their virulence, but are indistinguishable by a number of diagnostic methods. This review focuses on all important steps every veterinary practitioner has to deal with and new diagnostic tests that can be considered when encountering a cat with suspected FIP with the aim to establish a definitive diagnosis. It gives an overview on all available direct and indirect diagnostic tests and their sensitivity and specificity reported in the literature in different sample material. By providing summarized data for sensitivity and specificity of each diagnostic test and each sample material, which can easily be accessed in tables, this review can help to facilitate the interpretation of different diagnostic tests and raise awareness of their advantages and limitations. Additionally, diagnostic trees depict recommended diagnostic steps that should be performed in cats suspected of having FIP based on their clinical signs or clinicopathologic abnormalities. These steps can easily be followed in clinical practice.
Keywords	Feline coronavirus ; animal viruses ; cats ; diagnostic techniques ; feline infectious peritonitis ; pathotypes ; signs and symptoms (animals and humans) ; veterinarians ; virulence ; covid19
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-1115
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v11111068
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: 2022 AAFP/EveryCat Feline Infectious Peritonitis Diagnosis Guidelines.

Thayer, Vicki / Gogolski, Susan / Felten, Sandra / Hartmann, Katrin / Kennedy, Melissa / Olah, Glenn A

Journal of feline medicine and surgery

2022 Volume 24, Issue 9, Page(s) 905–933

Abstract: Clinical importance: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is one of the most important infectious diseases and causes of death in cats; young cats less than 2 years of age are especially vulnerable. FIP is caused by a feline coronavirus (FCoV). It has ... ...

Abstract	Clinical importance: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is one of the most important infectious diseases and causes of death in cats; young cats less than 2 years of age are especially vulnerable. FIP is caused by a feline coronavirus (FCoV). It has been estimated that around 0.3% to 1.4% of feline deaths at veterinary institutions are caused by FIP. Scope: This document has been developed by a Task Force of experts in feline clinical medicine as the 2022 AAFP/EveryCat Feline Infectious Peritonitis Diagnosis Guidelines to provide veterinarians with essential information to aid their ability to recognize cats presenting with FIP. Testing and interpretation: Nearly every small animal veterinary practitioner will see cases. FIP can be challenging to diagnose owing to the lack of pathognomonic clinical signs or laboratory changes, especially when no effusion is present. A good understanding of each diagnostic test's sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, likelihood ratio and diagnostic accuracy is important when building a case for FIP. Before proceeding with any diagnostic test or commercial laboratory profile, the clinician should be able to answer the questions of 'why this test?' and 'what do the results mean?' Ultimately, the approach to diagnosing FIP must be tailored to the specific presentation of the individual cat. Relevance: Given that the disease is fatal when untreated, the ability to obtain a correct diagnosis is critical. The clinician must consider the individual patient's history, signalment and comprehensive physical examination findings when selecting diagnostic tests and sample types in order to build the index of suspicion 'brick by brick'. Research has demonstrated efficacy of new antivirals in FIP treatment, but these products are not legally available in many countries at this time. The Task Force encourages veterinarians to review the literature and stay informed on clinical trials and new drug approvals.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cat Diseases/diagnosis ; Cat Diseases/drug therapy ; Cats ; Coronavirus, Feline ; Feline Infectious Peritonitis/diagnosis ; Feline Infectious Peritonitis/drug therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2049047-1
ISSN	1532-2750 ; 1098-612X
ISSN (online)	1532-2750
ISSN	1098-612X
DOI	10.1177/1098612X221118761
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Patterns of Feline Coronavirus Shedding and Associated Factors in Cats from Breeding Catteries.

Felten, Sandra / Klein-Richers, Ute / Unterer, Stefan / Bergmann, Michèle / Zablotski, Yury / Hofmann-Lehmann, Regina / Hartmann, Katrin

Viruses

2023 Volume 15, Issue 6

Abstract: 1) Background: In households in which feline coronavirus (FCoV) is present, three patterns of FCoV shedding are described: non-shedders, intermittent (low-intensity) shedders, or persistent (high-intensity) shedders. It was the aim of this study to ... ...

Abstract	(1) Background: In households in which feline coronavirus (FCoV) is present, three patterns of FCoV shedding are described: non-shedders, intermittent (low-intensity) shedders, or persistent (high-intensity) shedders. It was the aim of this study to describe FCoV shedding patterns in cats from catteries in which FCoV infection is endemic. Additionally, risk factors for high-intensity FCoV shedding or non-shedding were analyzed. (2) Methods: Four fecal samples of 222 purebred cats from 37 breeding catteries were examined for FCoV RNA by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). High-intensity shedders were defined as cats positive for FCoV RNA in at least 3/4 fecal samples; non-shedding cats were defined as cats negative in all four fecal samples. Risk factor analysis was performed using information obtained by questionnaire. (3) Results: Of the 222 cats, 125 (56.3%) were considered high-intensity shedders, while 54/222 cats (24.3%) were FCoV non-shedders. The Persian breed was associated with a higher risk of high-intensity shedding in multivariable analysis, while Birman and Norwegian Forest Cats were more likely to be FCoV non-shedders. Cats living together with other cats were more likely to be FCoV shedders. (4) Conclusions: The proportion of both high-intensity shedders and non-shedding cats was higher than previously reported, which possibly can be explained by housing conditions, different genetic susceptibility, or differences in the study period. The risk of high-intensity shedding is higher in certain breeds. However, it cannot be excluded that the individual hygiene procedure of each breeder influenced FCoV-shedding frequency. A smaller group size is a protective factor against FCoV shedding.
MeSH term(s)	Cats ; Animals ; Coronavirus, Feline/genetics ; Feline Infectious Peritonitis ; Coronavirus Infections ; Feces ; RNA, Viral/genetics
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v15061279
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Zystoskopiegeführte Laserablation zur Korrektur ektopischer Ureterozelen bei 2 Hündinnen.

Werner, Melanie / Meyer-Lindenberg, Andrea / Felten, Sandra / Hartmann, Katrin / Dorsch, Roswitha

Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere

2021 Volume 49, Issue 4, Page(s) 310–316

Abstract: Two female intact Labrador Retriever dogs (6 and 3 months of age, respectively) presented with a history of urinary incontinence. In both dogs, abdominal ultrasound revealed evidence of a unilateral ectopic ureterocele. Diagnosis of ureteral ectopia was ... ...

Title translation	Cystoscopic-guided laser ablation for treatment of ectopic ureteroceles in 2 female dogs.
Abstract	Two female intact Labrador Retriever dogs (6 and 3 months of age, respectively) presented with a history of urinary incontinence. In both dogs, abdominal ultrasound revealed evidence of a unilateral ectopic ureterocele. Diagnosis of ureteral ectopia was established urethrocystoscopically by visualization of the ureteral orifice in the urethra, and an intramural course was confirmed via retrograde contrast fluoroscopy. Ectopic ureteral orifices were stenotic in both dogs. Cystoscopic- and fluoroscopic-guided laser ablation of the ectopic ureter were performed with a Hol:YAG laser. Following the procedure, both dogs were fully continent without any medical treatment. Cystoscopic- guided laser ablation of ureteroceles was effective and safe in these 2 dogs. Thus, this minimally invasive technique for the treatment of ectopic ureteroceles provides an alternative to surgical intervention.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dog Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Dog Diseases/surgery ; Dogs ; Female ; Laser Therapy/veterinary ; Ureter/diagnostic imaging ; Ureter/surgery ; Ureteral Obstruction/surgery ; Ureteral Obstruction/veterinary ; Ureterocele/diagnostic imaging ; Ureterocele/surgery ; Ureterocele/veterinary
Language	German
Publishing date	2021-04-22
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2567-5842
ISSN (online)	2567-5842
DOI	10.1055/a-1428-7266
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Detection of Feline Coronavirus Variants in Cats without Feline Infectious Peritonitis.

Jähne, Stéphanie / Felten, Sandra / Bergmann, Michèle / Erber, Katharina / Matiasek, Kaspar / Meli, Marina L / Hofmann-Lehmann, Regina / Hartmann, Katrin

Viruses

2022 Volume 14, Issue 8

Abstract: 1) Background: This study aimed to detect feline coronavirus (FCoV) and characterize spike (S) gene mutation profiles in cats suffering from diseases other than feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) using commercial real-time reverse transcription ... ...

Abstract	(1) Background: This study aimed to detect feline coronavirus (FCoV) and characterize spike (S) gene mutation profiles in cats suffering from diseases other than feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) using commercial real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and reevaluating results by sequencing. (2) Methods: In 87 cats in which FIP was excluded by histopathology and immunohistochemistry, FCoV 7b gene and S gene mutation RT-qPCR was performed prospectively on incisional biopsies and fine-needle aspirates of different organs, body fluids, and feces. Samples positive for S gene mutations or mixed FCoV underwent sequencing. (3) Results: In 21/87 cats, FCoV RNA was detectable. S gene mutations were detected by commercial RT-qPCR (and a diagnostic algorithm that was used at the time of sample submission) in at least one sample in 14/21 cats (66.7%), with only mutated FCoV in 2/21, only mixed in 1/21, and different results in 11/21 cats; in the remaining 7/21 cats, RNA load was too low to differentiate. However, sequencing of 8 tissue samples and 8 fecal samples of 9 cats did not confirm mutated FCoV in any of the FCoV RNA-positive cats without FIP. (4) Conclusions: Sequencing results did not confirm results of the commercial S gene mutation RT-qPCR.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cats ; Coronavirus, Feline/genetics ; Feces ; Feline Infectious Peritonitis/diagnosis ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v14081671
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: 2022 AAFP/EveryCat Feline Infectious Peritonitis Diagnosis Guidelines

Thayer, Vicki / Gogolski, Susan / Felten, Sandra / Hartmann, Katrin / Kennedy, Melissa / Olah, Glenn A

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 2022 Sept., v. 24, no. 9 p.905-933

2022

Abstract: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is one of the most important infectious diseases and causes of death in cats; young cats less than 2 years of age are especially vulnerable. FIP is caused by a feline coronavirus (FCoV). It has been estimated that ... ...

Abstract	Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is one of the most important infectious diseases and causes of death in cats; young cats less than 2 years of age are especially vulnerable. FIP is caused by a feline coronavirus (FCoV). It has been estimated that around 0.3% to 1.4% of feline deaths at veterinary institutions are caused by FIP. This document has been developed by a Task Force of experts in feline clinical medicine as the 2022 AAFP/EveryCat Feline Infectious Peritonitis Diagnosis Guidelines to provide veterinarians with essential information to aid their ability to recognize cats presenting with FIP. Nearly every small animal veterinary practitioner will see cases. FIP can be challenging to diagnose owing to the lack of pathognomonic clinical signs or laboratory changes, especially when no effusion is present. A good understanding of each diagnostic test’s sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, likelihood ratio and diagnostic accuracy is important when building a case for FIP. Before proceeding with any diagnostic test or commercial laboratory profile, the clinician should be able to answer the questions of ‘why this test?’ and ‘what do the results mean?’ Ultimately, the approach to diagnosing FIP must be tailored to the specific presentation of the individual cat. Given that the disease is fatal when untreated, the ability to obtain a correct diagnosis is critical. The clinician must consider the individual patient’s history, signalment and comprehensive physical examination findings when selecting diagnostic tests and sample types in order to build the index of suspicion ‘brick by brick’. Research has demonstrated efficacy of new antivirals in FIP treatment, but these products are not legally available in many countries at this time. The Task Force encourages veterinarians to review the literature and stay informed on clinical trials and new drug approvals.
Keywords	Feline coronavirus ; antiviral agents ; bricks ; cats ; clinical examination ; death ; feline infectious peritonitis ; medicine ; patients ; surgery ; veterinarians ; FIP ; FCoV ; diagnosis ; effusion ; antibody ; infection ; fluid ; blood test ; analysis ; cytology ; Rivalta ; AFAST ; imaging ; screening ; laboratory sample ; lesion ; virus ; RNA ; RNA virus ; polymerase chain reaction ; PCR ; PCR testing
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Size	p. 905-933.
Publishing place	SAGE Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2049047-1
ISSN	1532-2750 ; 1098-612X
ISSN (online)	1532-2750
ISSN	1098-612X
DOI	10.1177/1098612X221118761
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Novel Microdialysis Technique Reveals a Dramatic Shift in Metabolite Secretion during the Early Stages of the Interaction between the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus

Plett, Krista L / Buckley, Scott / Plett, Jonathan M / Anderson, Ian C / Lundberg-Felten, Judith / Jämtgård, Sandra

Microorganisms

2021 Volume 9, Issue 9

Abstract: The colonisation of tree roots by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi is the result of numerous signalling exchanges between organisms, many of which occur before physical contact. However, information is lacking about these exchanges and the compounds that are ... ...

Abstract	The colonisation of tree roots by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi is the result of numerous signalling exchanges between organisms, many of which occur before physical contact. However, information is lacking about these exchanges and the compounds that are secreted by each organism before contact. This is in part due to a lack of low disturbance sampling methods with sufficient temporal and spatial resolution to capture these exchanges. Using a novel in situ microdialysis approach, we sampled metabolites released from
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms9091817
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