LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 110

Search options

  1. Book: Statistical analysis of fMRI data

    Ashby, F. Gregory

    2019  

    Author's details F. Gregory Ashby
    Keywords Magnetic resonance imaging/Data processing ; Medical statistics ; Quantitative research ; Neurosciences/Data processing ; Statistics/Methodology
    Subject code 616.07548
    Language English
    Size xx, 543 Seiten, Illustrationen, 24 cm
    Edition Second edition
    Publisher The MIT Press
    Publishing place Cambridge, Massachusetts
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    Note Includes bibliographical references and index
    HBZ-ID HT020291184
    ISBN 978-0-262-04268-0 ; 0-262-04268-1
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    2020 A 89 available for loan (reading room) Lesesaal EG

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  2. Book: Statistical analysis of fMRI data

    Ashby, F. Gregory

    2011  

    Author's details F. Gregory Ashby
    Keywords Magnetic Resonance Imaging / statistics & numerical data ; Data Interpretation, Statistical
    Language English
    Size XIII, 332 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher MIT Press
    Publishing place Cambridge, Mass. u.a.
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    Note Includes bibliographical references and index
    HBZ-ID HT016695460
    ISBN 978-0-262-01504-2 ; 0-262-01504-8
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    2011 A 1640 order for loan Magazin

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  3. Article ; Online: On what it means to automatize a rule.

    Kovacs, Paul / Ashby, F Gregory

    Cognition

    2022  Volume 226, Page(s) 105168

    Abstract: ... Kovacs, Hélie, Tran, & Ashby, 2021). The model assumes that rule-guided behaviors are initially ...

    Abstract The results of two experiments are reported that included a combined total of approximately 633,000 categorization trials. The experiments investigated the nature of what is automatized after lengthy practice with a rule-guided behavior. The results of both experiments suggest that an abstract rule, if interpreted as a verbal-based strategy, was not automatized during training, but rather the automatization linked a set of stimuli with similar values on one visual dimension to a common motor response. The experiments were designed to test and refine a recent neurocomputational model of how rule-guided behaviors become automatic (Kovacs, Hélie, Tran, & Ashby, 2021). The model assumes that rule-guided behaviors are initially controlled by a distributed neural network centered on rule units in prefrontal cortex, and that in addition to initiating behavior, this network also trains a faster and more direct network that includes projections from visual cortex directly to the rule-sensitive neurons in premotor cortex. The present results support this model and suggest that the projections from visual cortex to prefrontal and premotor cortex are restricted to visual representations of the relevant stimulus dimension only.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-26
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1499940-7
    ISSN 1873-7838 ; 0010-0277
    ISSN (online) 1873-7838
    ISSN 0010-0277
    DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105168
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  4. Article ; Online: Linear separability, irrelevant variability, and categorization difficulty.

    Rosedahl, Luke A / Ashby, F Gregory

    Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition

    2021  Volume 48, Issue 2, Page(s) 159–172

    Abstract: In rule-based (RB) category-learning tasks, the optimal strategy is a simple explicit rule, whereas in information-integration (II) tasks, the optimal strategy is impossible to describe verbally. This study investigates the effects of two different ... ...

    Abstract In rule-based (RB) category-learning tasks, the optimal strategy is a simple explicit rule, whereas in information-integration (II) tasks, the optimal strategy is impossible to describe verbally. This study investigates the effects of two different category properties on learning difficulty in category learning tasks-namely, linear separability and variability on stimulus dimensions that are irrelevant to the categorization decision. Previous research had reported that linearly separable II categories are easier to learn than nonlinearly separable categories, but Experiment 1, which compared performance on linearly and nonlinearly separable categories that were equated as closely as possible on all other factors that might affect difficulty, found that linear separability had no effect on learning. Experiments 1 and 2 together also established a novel dissociation between RB and II category learning: increasing variability on irrelevant stimulus dimensions impaired II learning but not RB learning. These results are all predicted by the best available measures of difficulty in RB and II tasks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Learning
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 627313-0
    ISSN 1939-1285 ; 0278-7393
    ISSN (online) 1939-1285
    ISSN 0278-7393
    DOI 10.1037/xlm0001000
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2253: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  5. Article ; Online: A general recognition theory model for identifying an ideal stimulus.

    Inglis, Jeffrey B / Bird, James / Ashby, F Gregory

    Attention, perception & psychophysics

    2022  Volume 84, Issue 7, Page(s) 2408–2421

    Abstract: A probabilistic, multidimensional model is described that accounts for sensory and hedonic ratings that are collected from the same experiment. The model combines a general recognition theory model of the sensory ratings with Coombs' unfolding model of ... ...

    Abstract A probabilistic, multidimensional model is described that accounts for sensory and hedonic ratings that are collected from the same experiment. The model combines a general recognition theory model of the sensory ratings with Coombs' unfolding model of the hedonic ratings. The model uses sensory ratings to build a probabilistic, multidimensional representation of the sensory experiences elicited by exposure to each stimulus, and it also builds a similar representation of the hypothetical ideal stimulus in this same space. It accounts for hedonic ratings by measuring differences between the presented stimulus and the imagined ideal on each rated sensory dimension. Therefore, it provides precise estimates of the sensory qualities of the ideal on all rated sensory dimensions. The model is tested successfully against data from a new experiment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2464550-3
    ISSN 1943-393X ; 1943-3921
    ISSN (online) 1943-393X
    ISSN 1943-3921
    DOI 10.3758/s13414-022-02513-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2176: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  6. Article ; Online: A role for the medial temporal lobes in category learning.

    Wang, Yi-Wen / Ashby, F Gregory

    Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)

    2020  Volume 27, Issue 10, Page(s) 441–450

    Abstract: Despite much research, the role of the medial temporal lobes (MTL) in category learning is unclear. Two unstructured categorization experiments explored conditions that might recruit MTL category learning and memory systems-namely, whether the stimulus ... ...

    Abstract Despite much research, the role of the medial temporal lobes (MTL) in category learning is unclear. Two unstructured categorization experiments explored conditions that might recruit MTL category learning and memory systems-namely, whether the stimulus display includes one or two stimuli, and whether category membership depends on configural properties of the stimulus features. The results supported three conclusions. First, in agreement with prior research, learning with single stimulus displays depended on striatal-mediated procedural learning. Second, and most important, learning with pair displays was mediated by MTL declarative memory systems. Third, the use of stimuli in which category membership depends on configural properties of the stimulus features made MTL learning slightly more likely. Overall, the results suggested that the MTL are most likely to mediate learning when the participant must decide which of two configural stimuli belongs to a selected category.
    MeSH term(s) Concept Formation/physiology ; Discrimination Learning/physiology ; Humans ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Temporal Lobe/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1204777-6
    ISSN 1549-5485 ; 1072-0502
    ISSN (online) 1549-5485
    ISSN 1072-0502
    DOI 10.1101/lm.051995.120
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 4107: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  7. Article ; Online: When instructions don't help: Knowing the optimal strategy facilitates rule-based but not information-integration category learning.

    Rosedahl, Luke A / Serota, Raina / Ashby, F Gregory

    Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance

    2021  Volume 47, Issue 9, Page(s) 1226–1236

    Abstract: Providing verbal or written instructions on how to perform optimally in a task is one of the most common ways to teach beginners. This practice is so widely accepted that scholarship primarily focuses on how to provide instructions, not whether these ... ...

    Abstract Providing verbal or written instructions on how to perform optimally in a task is one of the most common ways to teach beginners. This practice is so widely accepted that scholarship primarily focuses on how to provide instructions, not whether these instructions help or not. Here we investigate the benefits of prior instruction on rule-based (RB) category-learning, in which the optimal strategy is a simple explicit rule, and information-integration (II) category-learning, in which the optimal strategy is similarity-based. Participants (N = 58) learned either RB or II categories, with or without verbal and written instruction about the optimal categorization strategy. Instructions significantly improved performance with RB categories but had no effect with II categories. The theoretical and practical implication of these results is discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Learning
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 189734-2
    ISSN 1939-1277 ; 0096-1523
    ISSN (online) 1939-1277
    ISSN 0096-1523
    DOI 10.1037/xhp0000940
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2254: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  8. Article ; Online: A difficulty predictor for perceptual category learning.

    Rosedahl, Luke A / Ashby, F Gregory

    Journal of vision

    2019  Volume 19, Issue 6, Page(s) 20

    Abstract: Predicting human performance in perceptual categorization tasks in which category membership is determined by similarity has been historically difficult. This article proposes a novel biologically motivated difficulty measure that can be generalized ... ...

    Abstract Predicting human performance in perceptual categorization tasks in which category membership is determined by similarity has been historically difficult. This article proposes a novel biologically motivated difficulty measure that can be generalized across stimulus types and category structures. The new measure is compared to 12 previously proposed measures on four extensive data sets that each included multiple conditions that varied in difficulty. The studies were highly diverse and included experiments with both continuous- and binary-valued stimulus dimensions, a variety of different stimulus types, and both linearly and nonlinearly separable categories. Across these four applications, the new measure was the most successful at predicting the observed rank ordering of conditions by difficulty, and it was also the most accurate at predicting the numerical values of the mean error rates in each condition.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Learning/physiology ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology ; Visual Perception/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2106064-2
    ISSN 1534-7362 ; 1534-7362
    ISSN (online) 1534-7362
    ISSN 1534-7362
    DOI 10.1167/19.6.20
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  9. Article ; Online: Novel representations that support rule-based categorization are acquired on-the-fly during category learning.

    Soto, Fabian A / Ashby, F Gregory

    Psychological research

    2019  Volume 83, Issue 3, Page(s) 544–566

    Abstract: Humans learn categorization rules that are aligned with separable dimensions through a rule-based learning system, which makes learning faster and easier to generalize than categorization rules that require integration of information from different ... ...

    Abstract Humans learn categorization rules that are aligned with separable dimensions through a rule-based learning system, which makes learning faster and easier to generalize than categorization rules that require integration of information from different dimensions. Recent research suggests that learning to categorize objects along a completely novel dimension changes its perceptual representation, making it more separable and discriminable. Here, we asked whether such newly learned dimensions could support rule-based category learning. One group received extensive categorization training and a second group did not receive such training. Later, both groups were trained in a task that made use of the category-relevant dimension, and then tested in an analogical transfer task (Experiment 1) and a button-switch interference task (Experiment 2). We expected that only the group with extensive pre-training (with well-learned dimensional representations) would show evidence of rule-based behavior in these tasks. Surprisingly, both groups performed as expected from rule-based learning. A third experiment tested whether a single session (less than 1 h) of training in a categorization task would facilitate learning in a task requiring executive function. There was a substantial learning advantage for a group with brief pre-training with the relevant dimension. We hypothesize that extensive experience with separable dimensions is not required for rule-based category learning; rather, the rule-based system may learn representations "on the fly" that allow rule application. We discuss what kind of neurocomputational model might explain these data best.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; California ; Concept Formation/physiology ; Executive Function/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Learning/physiology ; Male ; Transfer (Psychology)/physiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-26
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1463034-5
    ISSN 1430-2772 ; 0340-0727
    ISSN (online) 1430-2772
    ISSN 0340-0727
    DOI 10.1007/s00426-019-01157-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  10. Article ; Online: Is state-trace analysis an appropriate tool for assessing the number of cognitive systems?

    Ashby, F Gregory

    Psychonomic bulletin & review

    2014  Volume 21, Issue 4, Page(s) 935–946

    Abstract: There is now much evidence that humans have multiple memory systems, and evidence is also building that other cognitive processes are mediated by multiple systems. Even so, several recent articles have questioned the existence of multiple cognitive ... ...

    Abstract There is now much evidence that humans have multiple memory systems, and evidence is also building that other cognitive processes are mediated by multiple systems. Even so, several recent articles have questioned the existence of multiple cognitive systems, and a number of these have based their arguments on results from state-trace analysis. State-trace analysis was not developed for this purpose but, rather, to identify data sets that are consistent with variation in a single parameter. All previous applications have assumed that state-trace plots in which the data fall on separate curves rule out any model in which only a single parameter varies across the two tasks under study. Unfortunately, this assumption is incorrect. Models in which only one parameter varies can generate any type of state-trace plot, as can models in which two or more parameters vary. In addition, it is straightforward to show that both single-system and multiple-systems models can generate state-trace plots that are considered in the literature to be consistent with either one or multiple cognitive systems. Thus, without additional information, there is no empirical state-trace plot that supports any inferences about the number of underlying parameters or systems.
    MeSH term(s) Cognition/physiology ; Humans ; Memory/physiology ; Models, Theoretical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2031311-1
    ISSN 1531-5320 ; 1069-9384
    ISSN (online) 1531-5320
    ISSN 1069-9384
    DOI 10.3758/s13423-013-0578-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

To top