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Article ; Online: Feasibility of biomarkers to measure stress, burnout and fatigue in emergency nurses: a cross-sectional study.

Mithen, Lucinda M / Weaver, Natasha / Walker, Frederick R / Inder, Kerry J

2023 Volume 13, Issue 8, Page(s) e072668

Abstract: Introduction: Retaining nurses in the workforce is an urgent concern in healthcare. Emergency nurses report high levels of stress and burnout, however, there is no gold standard of how to measure these responses. This study aims to measure stress, ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Retaining nurses in the workforce is an urgent concern in healthcare. Emergency nurses report high levels of stress and burnout, however, there is no gold standard of how to measure these responses. This study aims to measure stress, burnout, and fatigue in emergency nurses using biomarkers and psychometric instruments. Biomarkers will be used to better understand nurses' levels of stress and burnout and to assess the feasibility of using biomarkers as a viable stress measurement tool in a real-world setting. Methods and analysis: A two stage cross-sectional design to measure stress, burnout and fatigue in emergency nurses while they work is proposed. All registered and enrolled nurses working in the emergency department from four hospitals in Australia will be invited to participate. Validated psychometric tools will be used in stage 1 to measure depression, anxiety, acute stress, chronic stress, burnout and fatigue. Biomarkers comprising hair cortisol, saliva alpha amylase and heart rate variability will be collected as an objective measure of stress and burnout in stage 2 over one working shift per participant. Written consent will be sought for stage 2 where nurses will provide one hair sample, wear a heart rate sensor and be asked to collect their saliva at three different time points of one shift. Data analysis will measure the domains of acute stress, chronic stress and burnout and explore relationships and correlation between psychometric measures and biomarkers. Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Hunter New England Local Health District (approval number: HREC/2020/ETH01684) and University of Newcastle HREC (H-2022-0169). Results will be reported in peer-reviewed publications using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Public dissemination will occur by presenting at conferences and to the participating local health district.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Feasibility Studies ; Burnout, Psychological ; Fatigue/diagnosis ; Biomarkers ; Nurses
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072668
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Cortical adaptation to sound reverberation.

Ivanov, Aleksandar Z / King, Andrew J / Willmore, Ben D B / Walker, Kerry M M / Harper, Nicol S

eLife

2022 Volume 11

Abstract: In almost every natural environment, sounds are reflected by nearby objects, producing many delayed and distorted copies of the original sound, known as reverberation. Our brains usually cope well with reverberation, allowing us to recognize sound ... ...

Abstract	In almost every natural environment, sounds are reflected by nearby objects, producing many delayed and distorted copies of the original sound, known as reverberation. Our brains usually cope well with reverberation, allowing us to recognize sound sources regardless of their environments. In contrast, reverberation can cause severe difficulties for speech recognition algorithms and hearing-impaired people. The present study examines how the auditory system copes with reverberation. We trained a linear model to recover a rich set of natural, anechoic sounds from their simulated reverberant counterparts. The model neurons achieved this by extending the inhibitory component of their receptive filters for more reverberant spaces, and did so in a frequency-dependent manner. These predicted effects were observed in the responses of auditory cortical neurons of ferrets in the same simulated reverberant environments. Together, these results suggest that auditory cortical neurons adapt to reverberation by adjusting their filtering properties in a manner consistent with dereverberation.
MeSH term(s)	Acoustic Stimulation ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Ferrets ; Humans ; Sound ; Speech Perception/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2687154-3
ISSN	2050-084X ; 2050-084X
ISSN (online)	2050-084X
ISSN	2050-084X
DOI	10.7554/eLife.75090
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Article: Relationship between Behavioral Infant Speech Perception and Hearing Age for Children with Hearing Loss.

Uhler, Kristin M / Kaizer, Alexander M / Walker, Kerry A / Gilley, Phillip M

Journal of clinical medicine

2021 Volume 10, Issue 19

Abstract: 1) Background: Research has demonstrated that early intervention for children who are hard-of-hearing (CHH) facilitates improved language development. Early speech perception abilities may impact CHH outcomes and guide future intervention. The objective ...

Abstract	(1) Background: Research has demonstrated that early intervention for children who are hard-of-hearing (CHH) facilitates improved language development. Early speech perception abilities may impact CHH outcomes and guide future intervention. The objective of this study was to examine the use of a conditioned head turn (CHT) task as a measure of speech discrimination in CHH using a clinically feasible protocol. (2) Methods: Speech perception was assessed for a consonant and vowel contrast among 57 CHH and 70 children with normal hearing (CNH) aged 5-17 months using a CHT paradigm. (3) Results: Regardless of hearing status, 74% of CHH and 77% of CNH could discriminate /a-i/, and 55% of CHH and 56% of CNH could discriminate /ba-da/. Regression models revealed that both CHH and CNH performed better on /ba-da/ at 70 dBA compared to 50 dBA. Performance by hearing age showed no speech perception differences for CNH and children with mild hearing loss for either contrast. However, children with hearing losses ≥ 41 dB HL performed significantly poorer than CNH for /a-i/. (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrates the clinical feasibility of assessing early speech perception in infants with hearing loss and replicates previous findings of speech perception abilities among CHH and CNH.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm10194566
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Article ; Online: Polymer Modeling Reveals Interplay between Physical Properties of Chromosomal DNA and the Size and Distribution of Condensin-Based Chromatin Loops.

Kolbin, Daniel / Walker, Benjamin L / Hult, Caitlin / Stanton, John Donoghue / Adalsteinsson, David / Forest, M Gregory / Bloom, Kerry

Genes

2023 Volume 14, Issue 12

Abstract: Transient DNA loops occur throughout the genome due to thermal fluctuations of DNA and the function of SMC complex proteins such as condensin and cohesin. Transient crosslinking within and between chromosomes and loop extrusion by SMCs have profound ... ...

Abstract	Transient DNA loops occur throughout the genome due to thermal fluctuations of DNA and the function of SMC complex proteins such as condensin and cohesin. Transient crosslinking within and between chromosomes and loop extrusion by SMCs have profound effects on high-order chromatin organization and exhibit specificity in cell type, cell cycle stage, and cellular environment. SMC complexes anchor one end to DNA with the other extending some distance and retracting to form a loop. How cells regulate loop sizes and how loops distribute along chromatin are emerging questions. To understand loop size regulation, we employed bead-spring polymer chain models of chromatin and the activity of an SMC complex on chromatin. Our study shows that (1) the stiffness of the chromatin polymer chain, (2) the tensile stiffness of chromatin crosslinking complexes such as condensin, and (3) the strength of the internal or external tethering of chromatin chains cooperatively dictate the loop size distribution and compaction volume of induced chromatin domains. When strong DNA tethers are invoked, loop size distributions are tuned by condensin stiffness. When DNA tethers are released, loop size distributions are tuned by chromatin stiffness. In this three-way interaction, the presence and strength of tethering unexpectedly dictates chromatin conformation within a topological domain.
MeSH term(s)	Polymers ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; DNA/genetics ; DNA/metabolism ; Chromatin/genetics
Chemical Substances	condensin complexes ; Polymers ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; Chromatin
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527218-4
ISSN	2073-4425 ; 2073-4425
ISSN (online)	2073-4425
ISSN	2073-4425
DOI	10.3390/genes14122193
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Article: Speech Discrimination in Infancy Predicts Language Outcomes at 30 Months for Both Children with Normal Hearing and Those with Hearing Differences.

Uhler, Kristin M / Anderson, Sean R / Yoshinaga-Itano, Christine / Walker, Kerry A / Hunter, Sharon

Journal of clinical medicine

2022 Volume 11, Issue 19

Abstract: Background: Speech discrimination assessments are used to validate amplification fittings of older children who are hard of hearing (CHH). Unfortunately, speech discrimination is not assessed clinically ≤24 months and in turn no studies have ... ...

Abstract	Background: Speech discrimination assessments are used to validate amplification fittings of older children who are hard of hearing (CHH). Unfortunately, speech discrimination is not assessed clinically ≤24 months and in turn no studies have investigated the relationship between speech discrimination during infancy and later language development among CHH. Objective: To examine the relationship between an individual infant's speech discrimination measured at 9 months and their expressive/receptive spoken language at 30 months for children with normal hearing (CNH) and CHH. Methods: Behavioral speech discrimination was assessed at 9 months and language assessments were conducted at 16, 24, and 30 months using a parent questionnaire, and at 30 months using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning among 90 infants (49 CNH; 41 CHH). Results: Conditioned Head Turn (CHT) performance for /a-i/ significantly predicted expressive and receptive language at 30 months across both groups. Parental questionnaires were also predictive of later language ability. No significant differences in speech discrimination or language outcomes between CNH and CHH were found. Conclusions: This is the first study to document a positive relationship between infant speech discrimination and later language abilities in both early-identified CHH and CNH.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm11195821
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Article ; Online: Herptile gut microbiomes: a natural system to study multi-kingdom interactions between filamentous fungi and bacteria.

Vargas-Gastélum, Lluvia / Romer, Alexander S / Ghotbi, Marjan / Dallas, Jason W / Alexander, N Reed / Moe, Kylie C / McPhail, Kerry L / Neuhaus, George F / Shadmani, Leila / Spatafora, Joseph W / Stajich, Jason E / Tabima, Javier F / Walker, Donald M

mSphere

2024 Volume 9, Issue 3, Page(s) e0047523

Abstract: Reptiles and amphibians (herptiles) are some of the most endangered and threatened species on the planet and numerous conservation strategies are being implemented with the goal of ensuring species recovery. Little is known, however, about the gut ... ...

Abstract	Reptiles and amphibians (herptiles) are some of the most endangered and threatened species on the planet and numerous conservation strategies are being implemented with the goal of ensuring species recovery. Little is known, however, about the gut microbiome of wild herptiles and how it relates to the health of these populations. Here, we report results from the gut microbiome characterization of both a broad survey of herptiles, and the correlation between the fungus
MeSH term(s)	Bacteria/genetics ; Fungi/genetics ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Microbiota ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Animals
Chemical Substances	RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2379-5042
ISSN (online)	2379-5042
DOI	10.1128/msphere.00475-23
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Article: The power of weak, transient interactions across biology: A paradigm of emergent behavior.

Vasquez, Paula A / Walker, Ben / Bloom, Kerry / Kolbin, Daniel / Caughman, Neall / Freeman, Ronit / Lysy, Martin / Hult, Caitlin / Newhall, Katherine A / Papanikolas, Micah / Edelmaier, Christopher / Forest, M Gregory

Physica D. Nonlinear phenomena

2023 Volume 454

Abstract: A growing list of diverse biological systems and their equally diverse functionalities provides realizations of a paradigm of emergent behavior. In each of these biological systems, pervasive ensembles of weak, short-lived, spatially local interactions ... ...

Abstract	A growing list of diverse biological systems and their equally diverse functionalities provides realizations of a paradigm of emergent behavior. In each of these biological systems, pervasive ensembles of weak, short-lived, spatially local interactions act autonomously to convey functionalities at larger spatial and temporal scales. In this article, a range of diverse systems and functionalities are presented in a cursory manner with literature citations for further details. Then two systems and their properties are discussed in more detail: yeast chromosome biology and human respiratory mucus.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1466587-6
ISSN	1872-8022 ; 0167-2789
ISSN (online)	1872-8022
ISSN	0167-2789
DOI	10.1016/j.physd.2023.133866
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Article ; Online: Relationship between Behavioral Infant Speech Perception and Hearing Age for Children with Hearing Loss

Kristin M. Uhler / Alexander M. Kaizer / Kerry A. Walker / Phillip M. Gilley

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 4566, p

2021 Volume 4566

Abstract	(1) Background: Research has demonstrated that early intervention for children who are hard-of-hearing (CHH) facilitates improved language development. Early speech perception abilities may impact CHH outcomes and guide future intervention. The objective of this study was to examine the use of a conditioned head turn (CHT) task as a measure of speech discrimination in CHH using a clinically feasible protocol. (2) Methods: Speech perception was assessed for a consonant and vowel contrast among 57 CHH and 70 children with normal hearing (CNH) aged 5–17 months using a CHT paradigm. (3) Results: Regardless of hearing status, 74% of CHH and 77% of CNH could discriminate /a-i/, and 55% of CHH and 56% of CNH could discriminate /ba-da/. Regression models revealed that both CHH and CNH performed better on /ba-da/ at 70 dBA compared to 50 dBA. Performance by hearing age showed no speech perception differences for CNH and children with mild hearing loss for either contrast. However, children with hearing losses ≥ 41 dB HL performed significantly poorer than CNH for /a-i/. (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrates the clinical feasibility of assessing early speech perception in infants with hearing loss and replicates previous findings of speech perception abilities among CHH and CNH.
Keywords	infant speech perception ; early intervention ; congenital hearing loss ; hearing aids ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	390
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Simulating Dynamic Chromosome Compaction: Methods for Bridging In Silico to In Vivo.

He, Yunyan / Adalsteinsson, David / Walker, Benjamin / Lawrimore, Josh / Forest, M Gregory / Bloom, Kerry

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2021 Volume 2415, Page(s) 211–220

Abstract: The application of polymer models to chromosome structure and dynamics is a powerful approach for dissecting functional properties of the chromosome. The models are based on well-established bead-spring models of polymers and are distinct from molecular ... ...

Abstract	The application of polymer models to chromosome structure and dynamics is a powerful approach for dissecting functional properties of the chromosome. The models are based on well-established bead-spring models of polymers and are distinct from molecular dynamics studies used in structural biology. In this work, we outline a polymer dynamics model that simulates budding yeast chromatin fibers in a viscous environment inside the nucleus using DataTank as a user interface for the C++ simulation. We highlight features for creating the nucleolus, a dynamic region of chromatin with protein-mediated, transient chromosomal cross-links, providing a predictive, stochastic polymer-physics model for versatile analyses of chromosome spatiotemporal organization. DataTank provides real-time visualization and data analytics methods during simulation. The simulation pipeline provides insights into the entangled chromosome milieu in the nucleus and creates simulated chromosome data, both structural and dynamic, that can be directly compared to experimental observations of live cells in interphase and mitosis.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Nucleus/chemistry ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Chromatin/genetics ; Chromosomes/genetics ; Interphase ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Chemical Substances	Chromatin
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-0716-1904-9_16
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Article ; Online: Relationships between click auditory brainstem response and speech frequency following response with development in infants born preterm.

Madrid, Angela M / Walker, Kerry A / Smith, Spencer B / Hood, Linda J / Prieve, Beth A

Hearing research

2021 Volume 407, Page(s) 108277

Abstract: The speech evoked frequency following response (sFFR) is used to study relationships between neural processing and functional aspects of speech and language that are not captured by click or toneburst evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABR). The sFFR ... ...

Abstract	The speech evoked frequency following response (sFFR) is used to study relationships between neural processing and functional aspects of speech and language that are not captured by click or toneburst evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABR). The sFFR is delayed, deviant, or weak in school age children having a variety of disorders, including autism, dyslexia, reading and language disorders, in relation to their typically developing peers. Much less is known about the developmental characteristics of sFFR, especially in preterm infants, who are at risk of having language delays. In term neonates, phase locking and spectral representation of the fundamental frequency is developed in the early days of life. Spectral representation of higher harmonics and latencies associated with transient portions of the stimulus are still developing in term infants through at least 10 months of age. The goal of this research was to determine whether sFFR could be measured in preterm infants and to characterize its developmental trajectory in the time and frequency domain. Click ABR and sFFR were measured in 28 preterm infants at ages 33 to 64 weeks gestational age. The sFFR could be measured in the majority of infants at 33 weeks gestational age, and the detectability of all sFFR waves was 100% by 64 weeks gestational age. The latency of all waves associated with the transient portion of the response (waves V, A, and O), and most waves (waves D and E) associated with the quasi-steady state decreased with increasing age. The interpeak wave A-O latency did not change with age, indicating that these waves share a neural generator, or the neural generators are developing at the same rate. The spectral amplitude of F
MeSH term(s)	Child, Preschool ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Speech ; Speech Perception
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	282629-x
ISSN	1878-5891 ; 0378-5955
ISSN (online)	1878-5891
ISSN	0378-5955
DOI	10.1016/j.heares.2021.108277
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