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  1. Article: CO

    Hognestad, Bente Wabakken / Digranes, Nora / Opsund, Vigdis Groven / Espenes, Arild / Haga, Henning Andreas

    Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 14

    Abstract: Stunning by carbon dioxide ( ... ...

    Abstract Stunning by carbon dioxide (CO
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2606558-7
    ISSN 2076-2615
    ISSN 2076-2615
    DOI 10.3390/ani13142387
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  2. Article: In vitro activity of amifloxacin (WIN 49,375) compared with those of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin.

    Digranes, A

    Acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. Section B, Microbiology

    1987  Volume 95, Issue 1, Page(s) 29–32

    Abstract: The in vitro activity of the novel fluoroquinolone derivative, amifloxacin (WIN 49,375), was compared with the activities of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. A total of 500 clinical isolates of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were included, and the ... ...

    Abstract The in vitro activity of the novel fluoroquinolone derivative, amifloxacin (WIN 49,375), was compared with the activities of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. A total of 500 clinical isolates of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were included, and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by an agar dilution method. All drugs were highly active against Enterobacteriaceae, but ciprofloxacin showed the highest activity on a weight-for-weight basis (MIC 90% less than or equal to 0.03 mg/l). Ciprofloxacin was the most active agent against Pseudomonas isolates; all isolates being inhibited by 0.25 mg/l or less. The staphylococcal isolates were inhibited by ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin at relatively low concentrations (MIC 100% = 1 mg/l), whereas amifloxacin showed moderate activity against the majority of these isolates. Ciprofloxacin was highly active against enterococci, ofloxacin was moderately active, and amifloxacin was inactive. All Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates were susceptible to the lowest concentrations of the agents that were employed in the study (0.03 mg/l).
    MeSH term(s) Acinetobacter/drug effects ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacteria/drug effects ; Ciprofloxacin/analogs & derivatives ; Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology ; Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects ; Fluoroquinolones ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae/drug effects ; Ofloxacin ; Oxazines/pharmacology ; Pseudomonas/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Fluoroquinolones ; Oxazines ; Ciprofloxacin (5E8K9I0O4U) ; amifloxacin (5TU5227KYQ) ; Ofloxacin (A4P49JAZ9H)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1987-02
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 392398-8
    ISSN 0108-0180
    ISSN 0108-0180
    DOI 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1987.tb03083.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Urindyppekultur i allmennpraksis.

    Thue, Geir / Baerheim, Anders / Bjelkarøy, Wenche Iren / Digranes, Asbjørn

    Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke

    2010  Volume 130, Issue 5, Page(s) 483–486

    Abstract: Background: A consensus meeting at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health decided to change the limits for significant bacteriuria (used in microbiology laboratories) from 104 to 103 colony-forming units per ml. Such a low threshold value is difficult ...

    Title translation Dip-slides for culturing urine in general practice.
    Abstract Background: A consensus meeting at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health decided to change the limits for significant bacteriuria (used in microbiology laboratories) from 104 to 103 colony-forming units per ml. Such a low threshold value is difficult to read on dip-slides; NOKLUS (Norwegian quality improvement of laboratories in primary care) therefore wished to review the use of dip-slides in general practice.
    Material and methods: The article is based on literature retrieved through a non-systematic search in PubMed and on the authors' experience and research in the field.
    Results: Escherichia coli (E coli) is the most common agent in both lower and upper urinary tract infections, and in asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. In most infections, and particularly in upper urinary tract infections, bacterial concentrations are at least 104 colony-forming units per ml of urine in monocultures. Dip-slides should be the preferred transport medium when transport takes more than two days (because the number of colonies is not affected), otherwise urine samples with boric acid as a preservative are preferred.
    Interpretation: Dip-slides with E coli-agar may provide important information on complicated (especially upper) urinary tract infections and when examining pregnant women for asymptomatic bacteriuria. Dip-slides should not be used in uncomplicated cystitis. Medical practices using dip-slides must achieve and maintain sufficient expertise, and participate in an external quality assurance system. Proper sampling and handling of urine is even more important than before because of the lower threshold for significant bacteriuria.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Bacteriological Techniques ; Bacteriuria/diagnosis ; Bacteriuria/microbiology ; Child ; Escherichia coli Infections/diagnosis ; Family Practice ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/microbiology ; Reference Values ; Specimen Handling ; Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis ; Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology
    Language Norwegian
    Publishing date 2010-03-11
    Publishing country Norway
    Document type English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 603504-8
    ISSN 0807-7096 ; 0029-2001
    ISSN (online) 0807-7096
    ISSN 0029-2001
    DOI 10.4045/tidsskr.09.0658
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Urinveisinfeksjon hos pasienter behandlet med selvkateteriserin. En prevalensunders|kelse av pasienter på langtids ren intermitterende kateterisering.

    Bakke, A / Digranes, A

    Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke

    1996  Volume 116, Issue 21, Page(s) 2552–2555

    Title translation Urinary tract infection in patients treated by self-catheterization. A prevalence study of patients using long term-intermittent catheterization.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; Bacteriuria/etiology ; Catheters, Indwelling/adverse effects ; Drug Utilization ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Norway/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Self Care ; Time Factors ; Urinary Catheterization/adverse effects ; Urinary Catheterization/methods ; Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/etiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language Norwegian
    Publishing date 1996-09-10
    Publishing country Norway
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603504-8
    ISSN 0807-7096 ; 0029-2001
    ISSN (online) 0807-7096
    ISSN 0029-2001
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  5. Article: Antibiotic susceptibility of blood culture isolates of anaerobic bacteria at a Norwegian university hospital.

    Kommedal, Oyvind / Nystad, Tone Wikene / Bølstad, Bente / Digranes, Asbjørn

    APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica

    2007  Volume 115, Issue 8, Page(s) 956–961

    Abstract: In the present study the susceptibility of 200 blood culture isolates of anaerobic bacteria to benzylpenicillin, clindamycin, metronidazole, imipenem and piperacillin-tazobactam was examined. Metronidazole, imipenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam showed ... ...

    Abstract In the present study the susceptibility of 200 blood culture isolates of anaerobic bacteria to benzylpenicillin, clindamycin, metronidazole, imipenem and piperacillin-tazobactam was examined. Metronidazole, imipenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam showed the highest activity, with 98.5% of the isolates being fully susceptible to either agent. A high rate of reduced susceptibility to clindamycin among both Bacteroides spp. (37%) and Clostridium spp. (28%) was found. Almost all Bacteroides isolates were resistant to penicillin, and only 60% of Prevotella spp. were susceptible to this agent. The antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria in Norway should be surveyed regularly.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacteremia/microbiology ; Bacteria, Anaerobic/drug effects ; Clindamycin/pharmacology ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Clindamycin (3U02EL437C)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-08
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 93340-5
    ISSN 1600-0463 ; 0903-4641
    ISSN (online) 1600-0463
    ISSN 0903-4641
    DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2007.apm_537.x
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  6. Article ; Online: Generalized symptoms in adult women with acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection: an observational study.

    Baerheim, Anders / Digranes, Asbjørn / Jureen, Roland / Malterud, Kirsti

    MedGenMed : Medscape general medicine

    2003  Volume 5, Issue 3, Page(s) 1

    Abstract: Several generalized symptoms in acute lower urinary tract infection (UTI) have previously been identified in a qualitative study. The aim of the present study was to explore the frequency and distribution of generalized symptoms in adult women with acute ...

    Abstract Several generalized symptoms in acute lower urinary tract infection (UTI) have previously been identified in a qualitative study. The aim of the present study was to explore the frequency and distribution of generalized symptoms in adult women with acute uncomplicated lower UTI in general practice. A total of 398 women aged 18-87 years consulting for acute dysuria and/or urinary frequency were enrolled in an observational study and filled in a structured symptom questionnaire. A total of 252 of these had bacteriuria (>or= 10(5) uropathogens/mL). Generalized symptoms occurred frequently: feeling unwell 68%, week and tired 67%, irritable and restless 53%, and hot 52%. Other symptoms were voiding-related symptoms (dysuria 90%, urinary frequency 93%, urge 80%) and local, constant symptoms (pressure in the genital area 73%, suprapubic discomfort 68%). Factor analysis revealed 2 main components of cystitic symptoms: "feeling out of sorts" (generalized symptoms) predominantly found among women aged 50-65 years, and the "distressed bladder" (voiding-related and local, constant symptoms) most often in the group aged 18-35 years. No differences in frequency or degree of symptoms were related to the presence of bacteriuria. In conclusion, generalized symptoms of feeling out of sorts are frequent in adult women with acute uncomplicated lower UTI, and equally frequent in all ages whether the patient shows bacteriuria or not.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bacteriuria ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis ; Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/urine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-07-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2041637-4
    ISSN 1531-0132 ; 1531-0132
    ISSN (online) 1531-0132
    ISSN 1531-0132
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  7. Article ; Online: Urinveispatogene bakterier ved ukomplisert nedre urinveisinfeksjon hos kvinner.

    Jureen, Roland / Digranes, Asbjørn / Baerheim, Anders

    Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke

    2003  Volume 123, Issue 15, Page(s) 2021–2022

    Abstract: Background: We wanted to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of urinary tract pathogens in uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in adult women in Norway.: Material and methods: Urine samples from 312 adult women with symptoms of ... ...

    Title translation Urinary tract pathogens in uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in women in Norway.
    Abstract Background: We wanted to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of urinary tract pathogens in uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in adult women in Norway.
    Material and methods: Urine samples from 312 adult women with symptoms of uncomplicated urinary tract infections from eight general practices were included.
    Results: Significant bacteriuria was found in 187 samples (60%). E coli was isolated from 153 (82%) of these samples. Other isolated uropathogens were S saprophyticus 18 (10%), Proteus spp 6 (3%), Klebsiella spp 4 (2%), Enterobacter spp 2 (1%), enterococci 1 (0.5%) and other Gram-positive bacteria 3 (1,5%). No fungi were isolated. Of the E coli isolates, 1 %, 1 % and 9 % were resistant to nitrofurantoin, mecillinam and trimetoprim respectively. All S saprophyticus isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and trimetoprim.
    Interpretation: Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens causing uncomplicated urinary tract infections in adult women in general practice is still low in Norway.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Amdinocillin/therapeutic use ; Ampicillin/therapeutic use ; Ampicillin Resistance ; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary/therapeutic use ; Bacteriuria/drug therapy ; Bacteriuria/microbiology ; Ciprofloxacin/therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nitrofurantoin/therapeutic use ; Penicillins/therapeutic use ; Trimethoprim Resistance ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use ; Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy ; Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology
    Chemical Substances Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary ; Penicillins ; Ciprofloxacin (5E8K9I0O4U) ; Ampicillin (7C782967RD) ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination (8064-90-2) ; Nitrofurantoin (927AH8112L) ; Amdinocillin (V10579P3QZ)
    Language Norwegian
    Publishing date 2003-08-14
    Publishing country Norway
    Document type English Abstract ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603504-8
    ISSN 0807-7096 ; 0029-2001
    ISSN (online) 0807-7096
    ISSN 0029-2001
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  8. Article: The relation between sale of antimicrobial drugs and antibiotic resistance in uropathogens in general practice.

    Christiaens, Thierry C M / Digranes, Asbjørn / Baerheim, Anders

    Scandinavian journal of primary health care

    2002  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 45–49

    Abstract: Background: Overuse of antimicrobial drugs has resulted in an alarming increase in bacterial resistance in most countries. The relevance for general practice is unknown.: Objective: To evaluate the impact of the sale of antimicrobial drugs on ... ...

    Abstract Background: Overuse of antimicrobial drugs has resulted in an alarming increase in bacterial resistance in most countries. The relevance for general practice is unknown.
    Objective: To evaluate the impact of the sale of antimicrobial drugs on bacterial resistance as found in uropathogens from general practice.
    Setting: General practice in Belgium and Norway.
    Methods: Observational study.
    Results: The sale of antimicrobial drugs indicated for use in the treatment of urinary tract infection was four times higher in Belgium than in Norway (18.5 vs 4.4 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day). The antibiotic resistance reported by microbiological laboratories as valid for general practice was significant higher in Belgium than in Norway (ampicillins (44% vs 27%), co-trimoxazole (28% vs 17%), fluoroquinolones (12% vs 2%) and nitrofurantoin (16% vs 11%, p < 0.0001 for all). However, the antibiotic resistance found in urine samples from dysuric women in general practice was similar (trimethoprim 14% vs 12%, co-trimoxazole 14% vs 11%, nitrofurantoin 7% vs 3%), except in the case of ampicillins (30% vs 19%, p < 0.05).
    Conclusion: The impact of the antimicrobial sale on resistance in uropathogens seems less than expected at the general practice level, even though local microbiological reports mention fairly high antibiotic resistance data. Adapted methods for following-up bacterial resistance evolution in general practice are needed.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/supply & distribution ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bacterial Infections/drug therapy ; Bacterial Infections/epidemiology ; Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Belgium/epidemiology ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Utilization Review/statistics & numerical data ; Family Practice/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Marketing/statistics & numerical data ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Norway/epidemiology ; Pharmacoepidemiology ; Population Surveillance ; Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy ; Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-05-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605763-9
    ISSN 1502-7724 ; 0281-3432 ; 0284-6020
    ISSN (online) 1502-7724
    ISSN 0281-3432 ; 0284-6020
    DOI 10.1080/028134302317282743
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  9. Article: Are resistance patterns in uropathogens published by microbiological laboratories valid for general practice?

    Baerheim, A / Digranes, A / Hunskaar, S

    APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica

    1999  Volume 107, Issue 7, Page(s) 676–680

    Abstract: During 7 months from August 1994, 171 urine samples were collected consecutively in general practice in Western Norway from female patients with suspected lower urinary tract infection. For each of the 171 samples, 2 samples from adult females received ... ...

    Abstract During 7 months from August 1994, 171 urine samples were collected consecutively in general practice in Western Norway from female patients with suspected lower urinary tract infection. For each of the 171 samples, 2 samples from adult females received from general practice at the microbiological laboratory on the same day were selected using a predetermined system. Samples noted as treatment controls and samples from pregnant patients were discarded. Bacteriuria was found in 101/171 (59.1%) vs 220/342 (64.3%) of the samples. The general practice material contained more bacteriuric samples with Escherichia coli (83.2% vs 71.8%, p<0.05) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (11.9 vs 6.4%), and fewer with other Gram-negative rods (4.0% vs 15.9%, p<0.01) and enterococci (1.0% vs 5.9%, p<0.01). The frequency of resistant isolates was substantially lower in the samples from general practice for all antibacterial agents tested: amoxycillin 18.9% vs 23.9%, mecillinam 1.1% vs 4.7%, trimethoprim 12.9% vs 18.5%, cotrimoxazole 12.0% vs 15.4%, sulphonamide 20.0% vs 28.4%, nitrofurantoin 3.0% vs 9.7% (p<0.05). Data from local laboratories exaggerate the resistance problems among uropathogens found in urine samples in general practice.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacteriuria/microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 1999-07
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 93340-5
    ISSN 1600-0463 ; 0903-4641
    ISSN (online) 1600-0463
    ISSN 0903-4641
    DOI 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1999.tb01458.x
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  10. Article: Equal symptomatic outcome after antibacterial treatment of acute lower urinary tract infection and the acute urethral syndrome in adult women.

    Baerheim, A / Digranes, A / Hunskaar, S

    Scandinavian journal of primary health care

    1999  Volume 17, Issue 3, Page(s) 170–173

    Abstract: Objective: To compare symptomatic outcome after antibacterial treatment in patients with acute lower urinary tract infection and the acute urethral syndrome.: Design: A multipractice study; patients registering symptoms prospectively for 3 days by ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To compare symptomatic outcome after antibacterial treatment in patients with acute lower urinary tract infection and the acute urethral syndrome.
    Design: A multipractice study; patients registering symptoms prospectively for 3 days by means of a diary.
    Setting: General practices in western Norway.
    Subjects: 153 adult women with acute lower urinary tract symptoms.
    Main outcome measure: Patient's prospective registration of symptom distribution and duration after starting antibacterial treatment.
    Results: Fifty-one patients with acute lower urinary tract infection and 58 patients with the acute urethral syndrome were included. There were no differences in age, history of urinary tract infection, actual symptoms, or symptom duration between the groups. Symptom duration was nearly identical in the two groups among those who became asymptomatic during the 3 days of registration, ranging from 1.2 days for urgency to 1.6 days for dysuria. Almost half of the patients in each group still had some symptom left after 3 days.
    Conclusions: Symptomatic outcome was equal after antibacterial treatment whether the patient was classified as having acute cystitis or the acute urethral syndrome. Consequently, the general practitioner may rely on symptoms alone when starting antibacterial treatment in adult women with suspected cystitis.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Family Practice ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Norway ; Prospective Studies ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Syndrome ; Treatment Outcome ; Urethral Diseases/drug therapy ; Urethral Diseases/microbiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy ; Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 1999-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 605763-9
    ISSN 1502-7724 ; 0281-3432 ; 0284-6020
    ISSN (online) 1502-7724
    ISSN 0281-3432 ; 0284-6020
    DOI 10.1080/028134399750002593
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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