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Article ; Online: Impact of opinion dynamics on the public health damage inflicted by COVID-19 in the presence of societal heterogeneities

Rex N. Ali / Saswati Sarkar

Frontiers in Digital Health, Vol

2023 Volume 5

Abstract: IntroductionCertain behavioral practices, such as wearing masks, practicing social distancing, and accepting vaccines, play a crucial role in impeding the spread of COVID-19 and reducing the severity of symptoms. Opinions regarding whether to observe ... ...

Abstract	IntroductionCertain behavioral practices, such as wearing masks, practicing social distancing, and accepting vaccines, play a crucial role in impeding the spread of COVID-19 and reducing the severity of symptoms. Opinions regarding whether to observe such behavioral practices evolve over time through interactions via networks that overlap with but are not identical to the physical interaction networks over which the disease progresses. This necessitates the joint study of the dynamics of COVID-19 and opinion evolution.MethodsWe develop a mathematical model that can be easily adapted to a wide range of behavioral practices and captures in a computationally tractable manner the joint evolution of the disease and relevant opinions in populations of large sizes. Populations of large sizes are typically heterogeneous in that they comprise individuals of different age groups, genders, races, and underlying health conditions. Such groups have different propensities to imbibe severe forms of the disease, different physical contact, and social interaction patterns and rates. These lead to different disease and opinion dynamics in them. Our model is designed to effectively capture such diversities.ResultsComputations using our model reveal that opinion dynamics have a strong impact on fatality and hospitalization counts and the number of man-days lost due to symptoms both in the regular form of the disease and the extended forms, more commonly known as long COVID. We show that opinion dynamics in certain groups have a disproportionate impact on the overall public health attributes because they have high physical interaction rates, even when they have the lowest propensity to imbibe severe forms of the disease. This identifies a social vulnerability that malactors can utilize to inflict heavy public health damages through opinion campaigns targeting specific segments. Once such vulnerabilities are identified, which we accomplish, adequate precautions may be designed to enhance resilience to such targeted attacks and better ...
Keywords	COVID-19 ; COVID-19 dynamics ; opinion dynamics ; behavioral practice ; opinion spread rate ; cooperativity ; Medicine ; R ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Impact of opinion dynamics on the public health damage inflicted by COVID-19 in the presence of societal heterogeneities.

Ali, Rex N / Sarkar, Saswati

Frontiers in digital health

2023 Volume 5, Page(s) 1146178

Abstract: Introduction: Certain behavioral practices, such as wearing masks, practicing social distancing, and accepting vaccines, play a crucial role in impeding the spread of COVID-19 and reducing the severity of symptoms. Opinions regarding whether to observe ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Certain behavioral practices, such as wearing masks, practicing social distancing, and accepting vaccines, play a crucial role in impeding the spread of COVID-19 and reducing the severity of symptoms. Opinions regarding whether to observe such behavioral practices evolve over time through interactions via networks that overlap with but are not identical to the physical interaction networks over which the disease progresses. This necessitates the joint study of the dynamics of COVID-19 and opinion evolution. Methods: We develop a mathematical model that can be easily adapted to a wide range of behavioral practices and captures in a computationally tractable manner the joint evolution of the disease and relevant opinions in populations of large sizes. Populations of large sizes are typically heterogeneous in that they comprise individuals of different age groups, genders, races, and underlying health conditions. Such groups have different propensities to imbibe severe forms of the disease, different physical contact, and social interaction patterns and rates. These lead to different disease and opinion dynamics in them. Our model is designed to effectively capture such diversities. Results: Computations using our model reveal that opinion dynamics have a strong impact on fatality and hospitalization counts and the number of man-days lost due to symptoms both in the regular form of the disease and the extended forms, more commonly known as long COVID. We show that opinion dynamics in certain groups have a disproportionate impact on the overall public health attributes because they have high physical interaction rates, even when they have the lowest propensity to imbibe severe forms of the disease. This identifies a social vulnerability that malactors can utilize to inflict heavy public health damages through opinion campaigns targeting specific segments. Once such vulnerabilities are identified, which we accomplish, adequate precautions may be designed to enhance resilience to such targeted attacks and better protect public health. Discussion: By recognizing and understanding the vulnerabilities, appropriate precautions can be developed to enhance resilience against targeted attacks and safeguard public health. Our study underscores the importance of considering opinion evolution alongside disease dynamics, providing insights into the interplay between behavioral practices, opinions, and disease outcomes. We believe that our model is a valuable tool for understanding the joint dynamics of COVID-19 and opinions. We hope that our findings will help to inform public health policy and facilitate evidence-based decision-making for public health interventions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2673-253X
ISSN (online)	2673-253X
DOI	10.3389/fdgth.2023.1146178
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Impact of opinion dynamics on the public health damage inflicted by COVID-19 in the presence of societal heterogeneities

Ali, Rex N. / Sarkar, Saswati

medRxiv

Abstract: Certain behavioral practices such as wearing surgical masks, observing social distancing, and accepting vaccines impede the spread of COVID-19 and contain the severity of symptoms in the infected individuals. Opinions regarding whether to observe such ... ...

Abstract	Certain behavioral practices such as wearing surgical masks, observing social distancing, and accepting vaccines impede the spread of COVID-19 and contain the severity of symptoms in the infected individuals. Opinions regarding whether to observe such behavioral practices evolve over time through interactions via networks that overlap with but are not identical to the physical interaction networks over which the disease progresses. This necessitates the joint study of COVID-19 evolution and opinion dynamics. We develop a mathematical model that can be easily adapted to a wide range of behavioral practices and captures in a computationally tractable manner the joint evolution of the disease and relevant opinions in populations of large sizes. Populations of large sizes are typically heterogeneous in that they comprise individuals of different age groups, genders, races, and underlying health conditions. Such groups have different propensities to imbibe severe forms of the disease, different physical contact, and social interaction patterns and rates. These lead to different disease and opinion dynamics in them. Our model is able to capture such diversities. Computations using our model reveal that opinion dynamics have a strong impact on fatality and hospitalization counts and the number of man-days lost due to symptoms both in the regular form of the disease and the extended forms, more commonly known as long COVID. We show that opinion dynamics in certain groups have a disproportionate impact on the overall public health attributes because they have high physical interaction rates, even when they have the lowest propensity to imbibe severe forms of the disease. This identifies a social vulnerability that mal-actors can utilize to inflict heavy public health damages through opinion campaigns targeting specific segments. Once such vulnerabilities are identified, which we accomplish, adequate precautions may be designed to enhance resilience to such targeted attacks and better protect public health.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-29
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2023.03.26.23287758
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Countering the potential re-emergence of a deadly infectious disease-Information warfare, identifying strategic threats, launching countermeasures.

Rex N Ali / Harvey Rubin / Saswati Sarkar

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e

2021 Volume 0256014

Abstract: Objectives Eradicated infectious diseases like smallpox can re-emerge through accident or the designs of bioterrorists, and cause heavy casualties. Presently, the populace is largely susceptible as only a small percentage is vaccinated, and their ... ...

Abstract	Objectives Eradicated infectious diseases like smallpox can re-emerge through accident or the designs of bioterrorists, and cause heavy casualties. Presently, the populace is largely susceptible as only a small percentage is vaccinated, and their immunity is likely to have waned. And when the disease re-emerges, the susceptible individuals may be manipulated by disinformation on Social Media to refuse vaccines. Thus, a combination of countermeasures consisting of antiviral drugs and vaccines and a range of policies for their application need to be investigated. Opinions regarding whether to receive vaccines evolve over time through social exchanges via networks that overlap with but are not identical to the disease propagation networks. These couple the spread of the biological and information contagion and necessitate a joint investigation of the two. Methods We develop a computationally tractable metapopulation epidemiological model that captures the joint spatio-temporal evolution of an infectious disease (e.g., smallpox, COVID-19) and opinion dynamics. Results Considering smallpox, the computations based on the model show that opinion dynamics have a substantial impact on the fatality count. Towards understanding how perpetrators are likely to seed the infection, we identify a) the initial distribution of infected individuals that maximize the overall fatality count; and b) which habitation structures are more vulnerable to outbreaks. We assess the relative efficacy of different countermeasures and conclude that a combination of vaccines and drugs minimize the fatalities, and by itself, drugs reduce fatalities more than the vaccine. Accordingly, we assess the impact of increase in the supply of drugs and identify the most effective among a collection of policies for administering of drugs for various parameter combinations. Many of the observed patterns are stable to variations of a diverse set of parameters. Conclusions Our findings provide a quantitative foundation for various important elements of public ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Countering the potential re-emergence of a deadly infectious disease-Information warfare, identifying strategic threats, launching countermeasures.

Ali, Rex N / Rubin, Harvey / Sarkar, Saswati

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 8, Page(s) e0256014

Abstract: Objectives: Eradicated infectious diseases like smallpox can re-emerge through accident or the designs of bioterrorists, and cause heavy casualties. Presently, the populace is largely susceptible as only a small percentage is vaccinated, and their ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Eradicated infectious diseases like smallpox can re-emerge through accident or the designs of bioterrorists, and cause heavy casualties. Presently, the populace is largely susceptible as only a small percentage is vaccinated, and their immunity is likely to have waned. And when the disease re-emerges, the susceptible individuals may be manipulated by disinformation on Social Media to refuse vaccines. Thus, a combination of countermeasures consisting of antiviral drugs and vaccines and a range of policies for their application need to be investigated. Opinions regarding whether to receive vaccines evolve over time through social exchanges via networks that overlap with but are not identical to the disease propagation networks. These couple the spread of the biological and information contagion and necessitate a joint investigation of the two. Methods: We develop a computationally tractable metapopulation epidemiological model that captures the joint spatio-temporal evolution of an infectious disease (e.g., smallpox, COVID-19) and opinion dynamics. Results: Considering smallpox, the computations based on the model show that opinion dynamics have a substantial impact on the fatality count. Towards understanding how perpetrators are likely to seed the infection, we identify a) the initial distribution of infected individuals that maximize the overall fatality count; and b) which habitation structures are more vulnerable to outbreaks. We assess the relative efficacy of different countermeasures and conclude that a combination of vaccines and drugs minimize the fatalities, and by itself, drugs reduce fatalities more than the vaccine. Accordingly, we assess the impact of increase in the supply of drugs and identify the most effective among a collection of policies for administering of drugs for various parameter combinations. Many of the observed patterns are stable to variations of a diverse set of parameters. Conclusions: Our findings provide a quantitative foundation for various important elements of public health discourse that have largely been conducted qualitatively.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Communicable Disease Control/methods ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Mortality ; Population Density ; Psychological Warfare ; Public Opinion ; Smallpox/drug therapy ; Smallpox/epidemiology ; Smallpox/prevention & control ; Smallpox/transmission ; Smallpox Vaccine/therapeutic use ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Stochastic Processes ; Vaccination Refusal/psychology
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Smallpox Vaccine
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0256014
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: POT1

Shen, Erica / Xiu, Joanne / Lopez, Giselle Y / Bentley, Rex / Jalali, Ali / Heimberger, Amy B / Bainbridge, Matthew N / Bondy, Melissa L / Walsh, Kyle M

Journal of medical genetics

2020 Volume 57, Issue 10, Page(s) 664–670

Abstract: Background: The shelterin complex is composed of six proteins that protect and regulate telomere length, including protection of telomeres 1 (POT1). Germline : Methods: We performed logistic regression, adjusted for tumour mutational burden, to ... ...

Abstract	Background: The shelterin complex is composed of six proteins that protect and regulate telomere length, including protection of telomeres 1 (POT1). Germline Methods: We performed logistic regression, adjusted for tumour mutational burden, to identify associations between Results: A total of 1834 tumours harboured a non-benign mutation of Conclusions: These results confirm a role for shelterin dysfunction in angiosarcoma development but suggest that gliomas arising in the context of germline
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Germ-Line Mutation/genetics ; Glioma/genetics ; Glioma/pathology ; Hemangiosarcoma/genetics ; Hemangiosarcoma/pathology ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Male ; Melanoma/genetics ; Melanoma/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/genetics ; Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/pathology ; Telomere/genetics ; Telomere-Binding Proteins/genetics
Chemical Substances	POT1 protein, human ; Telomere-Binding Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	220881-7
ISSN	1468-6244 ; 0022-2593
ISSN (online)	1468-6244
ISSN	0022-2593
DOI	10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106657
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Article: The Management of Intraoperative Spinal Cord Injury - A Scoping Review.

Hejrati, Nader / Srikandarajah, Nisaharan / Alvi, Mohammed Ali / Quddusi, Ayesha / Tetreault, Lindsay A / Guest, James D / Marco, Rex A W / Kirshblum, Steven / Martin, Allan R / Strantzas, Samuel / Arnold, Paul M / Basu, Saumyajit / Evaniew, Nathan / Kwon, Brian K / Skelly, Andrea C / Fehlings, Michael G

Global spine journal

2024 Volume 14, Issue 3_suppl, Page(s) 150S–165S

Abstract: Study design: Scoping Review.: Objective: To review the literature and summarize information on checklists and algorithms for responding to intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) alerts and management of intraoperative spinal cord injuries (ISCIs).: ...

Abstract	Study design: Scoping Review. Objective: To review the literature and summarize information on checklists and algorithms for responding to intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) alerts and management of intraoperative spinal cord injuries (ISCIs). Methods: MEDLINE® was searched from inception through January 26, 2022 as were sources of grey literature. We attempted to obtain guidelines and/or consensus statements from the following sources: American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine (AANEM), American Academy of Neurology (AAN), American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, NASS (North American Spine Society), and other spine surgery organizations. Results: Of 16 studies reporting on management strategies for ISCIs, two were publications of consensus meetings which were conducted according to the Delphi method and eight were retrospective cohort studies. The remaining six studies were narrative reviews that proposed intraoperative checklists and management strategies for IONM alerts. Of note, 56% of included studies focused only on patients undergoing spinal deformity surgery. Intraoperative considerations and measures taken in the event of an ISCI are divided and reported in three categories of Conclusion: There is a paucity of literature on comparative effectiveness and harms of management strategies in response to an IONM alert and possible ISCI. There is a pressing need to develop a standardized checklist and care pathway to avoid and minimize the risk of postoperative neurologic sequelae.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2648287-3
ISSN	2192-5690 ; 2192-5682
ISSN (online)	2192-5690
ISSN	2192-5682
DOI	10.1177/21925682231196505
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Gas sensing materials roadmap.

Wang, Huaping / Ma, Jianmin / Zhang, Jun / Feng, Yuezhan / Vijjapu, Mani Teja / Yuvaraja, Saravanan / Surya, Sandeep G / Salama, Khaled N / Dong, Chengjun / Wang, Yude / Kuang, Qin / Tshabalala, Zamaswazi P / Motaung, David E / Liu, Xianghong / Yang, Junliang / Fu, Haitao / Yang, Xiaohong / An, Xizhong / Zhou, Shiqiang /

Zi, Baoye / Liu, Qingju / Urso, Mario / Zhang, Bo / Akande, A A / Prasad, Arun K / Hung, Chu Manh / Van Duy, Nguyen / Hoa, Nguyen Duc / Wu, Kaidi / Zhang, Chao / Kumar, Rahul / Kumar, Mahesh / Kim, Youngjun / Wu, Jin / Wu, Zixuan / Yang, Xing / Vanalakar, S A / Luo, Jingting / Kan, Hao / Li, Min / Jang, Ho Won / Orlandi, Marcelo Ornaghi / Mirzaei, Ali / Kim, Hyoun Woo / Kim, Sang Sub / Uddin, A S M Iftekhar / Wang, Jing / Xia, Yi / Wongchoosuk, Chatchawal / Nag, Anindya / Mukhopadhyay, Subhas / Saxena, Nupur / Kumar, Pragati / Do, Jing-Shan / Lee, Jong-Ho / Hong, Seongbin / Jeong, Yujeong / Jung, Gyuweon / Shin, Wonjun / Park, Jinwoo / Bruzzi, Mara / Zhu, Chen / Gerald, Rex E / Huang, Jie

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal

2021 Volume 33, Issue 30

Abstract: Gas sensor technology is widely utilized in various areas ranging from home security, environment and air pollution, to industrial production. It also hold great promise in non-invasive exhaled breath detection and an essential device in future internet ... ...

Abstract	Gas sensor technology is widely utilized in various areas ranging from home security, environment and air pollution, to industrial production. It also hold great promise in non-invasive exhaled breath detection and an essential device in future internet of things. The past decade has witnessed giant advance in both fundamental research and industrial development of gas sensors, yet current efforts are being explored to achieve better selectivity, higher sensitivity and lower power consumption. The sensing layer in gas sensors have attracted dominant attention in the past research. In addition to the conventional metal oxide semiconductors, emerging nanocomposites and graphene-like two-dimensional materials also have drawn considerable research interest. This inspires us to organize this comprehensive 2020 gas sensing materials roadmap to discuss the current status, state-of-the-art progress, and present and future challenges in various materials that is potentially useful for gas sensors.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1472968-4
ISSN	1361-648X ; 0953-8984
ISSN (online)	1361-648X
ISSN	0953-8984
DOI	10.1088/1361-648X/abf477
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Article: Successful A2 to B Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant after Desensitization for High-Strength Non-HLA Antibody Made Possible by Utilizing a Hepatitis C Positive Donor.

Karpel, H Charli / Ali, Nicole M / Lawson, Nikki / Tatapudi, Vasishta S / Friedlander, Rex / Philogene, Mary Carmelle / Montgomery, Robert A / Lonze, Bonnie E

Case reports in transplantation

2020 Volume 2020, Page(s) 3591274

Abstract: Desensitization using plasma exchange can remove harmful antibodies prior to transplantation and mitigate risks for hyperacute and severe early acute antibody-mediated rejection. Traditionally, the use of plasma exchange requires a living donor so that ... ...

Abstract	Desensitization using plasma exchange can remove harmful antibodies prior to transplantation and mitigate risks for hyperacute and severe early acute antibody-mediated rejection. Traditionally, the use of plasma exchange requires a living donor so that the timing of treatments relative to transplant can be planned. Non-HLA antibody is increasingly recognized as capable of causing antibody-mediated renal allograft rejection and has been associated with decreased graft longevity. Our patient had high-strength non-HLA antibody deemed prohibitive to transplantation without desensitization, but no living donors. As the patient was eligible to receive an A2 ABO blood group organ and was willing to accept a hepatitis C positive donor kidney, this afforded a high probability of receiving an offer within a short enough time frame to attempt empiric desensitization in anticipation of a deceased donor transplant. Fifteen plasma exchange treatments were performed before the patient received an organ offer, and the patient was successfully transplanted. Hepatitis C infection was treated posttransplant. No episodes of rejection were observed. At one-year posttransplant, the patient maintains good graft function. In this case, willingness to consider nontraditional donor organs enabled us to mimic living donor desensitization using a deceased donor.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2627657-4
ISSN	2090-6951 ; 2090-6943
ISSN (online)	2090-6951
ISSN	2090-6943
DOI	10.1155/2020/3591274
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: A Clinical Practice Guideline for Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of Intraoperative Spinal Cord Injury: Recommendations for Use of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring and for the Use of Preoperative and Intraoperative Protocols for Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery.

Fehlings, Michael G / Alvi, Mohammed Ali / Evaniew, Nathan / Tetreault, Lindsay A / Martin, Allan R / McKenna, Stephen L / Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa / Ha, Yoon / Kirshblum, Steven / Hejrati, Nader / Srikandarajah, Nisaharan / Quddusi, Ayesha / Moghaddamjou, Ali / Malvea, Anahita / Pinto, Ricardo Rodrigues / Marco, Rex A W / Newcombe, Virginia F J / Basu, Saumayajit / Strantzas, Samuel /

Zipser, Carl M / Douglas, Sam / Laufer, Ilya / Chou, Dean / Saigal, Rajiv / Arnold, Paul M / Hawryluk, Gregory W J / Skelly, Andrea C / Kwon, Brian K

Global spine journal

2024 Volume 14, Issue 3_suppl, Page(s) 212S–222S

Abstract: Study design: Development of a clinical practice guideline following the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) process.: Objective: The objectives of this study were to develop guidelines that outline the utility ... ...

Abstract	Study design: Development of a clinical practice guideline following the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) process. Objective: The objectives of this study were to develop guidelines that outline the utility of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) to detect intraoperative spinal cord injury (ISCI) among patients undergoing spine surgery, to define a subset of patients undergoing spine surgery at higher risk for ISCI and to develop protocols to prevent, diagnose, and manage ISCI. Methods: All systematic reviews were performed according to PRISMA standards and registered on PROSPERO. A multidisciplinary, international Guidelines Development Group (GDG) reviewed and discussed the evidence using GRADE protocols. Consensus was defined by 80% agreement among GDG members. A systematic review and diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) meta-analysis was performed to synthesize pooled evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of IONM to detect ISCI among patients undergoing spinal surgery. The IONM modalities evaluated included somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), motor evoked potentials (MEPs), electromyography (EMG), and multimodal neuromonitoring. Utilizing this knowledge and their clinical experience, the multidisciplinary GDG created recommendations for the use of IONM to identify ISCI in patients undergoing spine surgery. The evidence related to existing care pathways to manage ISCI was summarized and based on this a novel AO Spine-PRAXIS care pathway was created. Results: Our recommendations are as follows: (1) We recommend that intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring be employed for high risk patients undergoing spine surgery, and (2) We suggest that patients at "high risk" for ISCI during spine surgery be proactively identified, that after identification of such patients, multi-disciplinary team discussions be undertaken to manage patients, and that an intraoperative protocol including the use of IONM be implemented. A care pathway for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of ISCI has been developed by the GDG. Conclusion: We anticipate that these guidelines will promote the use of IONM to detect and manage ISCI, and promote the use of preoperative and intraoperative checklists by surgeons and other team members for high risk patients undergoing spine surgery. We welcome teams to implement and evaluate the care pathway created by our GDG.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2648287-3
ISSN	2192-5690 ; 2192-5682
ISSN (online)	2192-5690
ISSN	2192-5682
DOI	10.1177/21925682231202343
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