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Article ; Online: Development of a palliative paramedicine framework to standardise best practice: A Delphi study.

Juhrmann, Madeleine L / Butow, Phyllis N / Simpson, Paul / Boughey, Mark / Makeham, Meredith / Clayton, Josephine M

2024 , Page(s) 2692163241234004

Abstract: Background: Growing global demand for palliative care services has prompted generalist clinicians to provide adjunct support to specialist teams. Paramedics are uniquely placed to respond to these patients in the community. However, embedding palliative ...

Abstract	Background: Growing global demand for palliative care services has prompted generalist clinicians to provide adjunct support to specialist teams. Paramedics are uniquely placed to respond to these patients in the community. However, embedding palliative care principles into their core business will require multifactorial interventions at structural, healthcare service and individual clinician and consumer levels. Aim: To develop a palliative paramedicine framework suitable for national implementation, to standardise best practice in Australia. Design: Delphi study utilising questionnaire completion; each round informed the need for, and content of, the next round. Free text comments were also sought in Round 1. Two rounds of Delphi were undertaken. Setting/participants: Sixty-eight participants took part in Round 1, representing six countries, and 66 in Round 2. Participants included paramedics, palliative care doctors and nurses, general practitioners, researchers and carers with lived experience and expertise in palliative paramedicine. Results: Seventeen of the original 24 components gained consensus; 6 components were modified; and 9 new components arose from Round 1. All modified and new components gained consensus in Round 2. Only one original component did not gain consensus across both rounds and was excluded from the final 32-component framework. Conclusion: This study has developed a comprehensive national framework addressing the macro-, meso- and micro-level interventions required to standardise palliative paramedicine across Australia. Future research ought to engage a multidisciplinary team to create an implementation strategy, addressing any perceived barriers, facilitators and challenges for applying the framework into policy and practice.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639247-7
ISSN	1477-030X ; 0269-2163
ISSN (online)	1477-030X
ISSN	0269-2163
DOI	10.1177/02692163241234004
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Article ; Online: HIV policies in Australian prisons: a structured review assessing compliance with international guidelines.

Simpson, Paul L / Gardoll, Bree / White, Luella / Butler, Tony

The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific

2023 Volume 41, Page(s) 100813

Abstract: Globally, people living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are over-represented in incarcerated populations. The current study aimed to provide a national (Australian) snapshot of current HIV prison policies against the United Nations' (UN) 15 ... ...

Abstract	Globally, people living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are over-represented in incarcerated populations. The current study aimed to provide a national (Australian) snapshot of current HIV prison policies against the United Nations' (UN) 15 key HIV interventions for prisons. Publicly available policies, reports, and data were obtained, and interviews were conducted with prison health staff in five of eight Australian jurisdictions. We rated whether policies were compliant, partially compliant, or not compliant to the UN interventions and assigned an overall grade (A to E, where A = most compliant and E = least compliant) for each jurisdiction. Three jurisdictions received a B grade, three received a C grade, and two were not assessed due to insufficient data. In all jurisdictions HIV policies fell short of full compliance to most UN interventions. Prison-based needle and syringe programs and initiatives beyond education to reduce HIV transmission from body modification procedures (eg, tattooing) were absent in all jurisdictions. No condom programme existed in one jurisdiction and access issues were reported in others. Opioid substitution therapy, and peer-education access varied across and within most jurisdictions. Findings indicate that more action is required to meet the UN recommended interventions for HIV prevention in prisons.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2666-6065
ISSN (online)	2666-6065
DOI	10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100813
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Article ; Online: Factors Associated with Transgender and Gender Diverse People's Experience of Sexual Coercion, and Help-Seeking and Wellbeing Among Victims/Survivors: Results of the First Australian Trans and Gender Diverse Sexual Health Survey.

Simpson, Paul L / Callander, Denton / Haire, Bridget / Pony, Mish / Rosenberg, Shoshana / Duck-Chong, Liz / Holt, Martin / Cook, Teddy

LGBT health

2024

Abstract: Purpose: ...

Abstract	Purpose:
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2727303-9
ISSN	2325-8306 ; 2325-8292
ISSN (online)	2325-8306
ISSN	2325-8292
DOI	10.1089/lgbt.2023.0146
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Article ; Online: 3M_BANTOR: A regression framework for multitask and multisession brain network distance metrics.

Tomlinson, Chal E / Laurienti, Paul J / Lyday, Robert G / Simpson, Sean L

Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)

2023 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–21

Abstract: Brain network analyses have exploded in recent years and hold great potential in helping us understand normal and abnormal brain function. Network science approaches have facilitated these analyses and our understanding of how the brain is structurally ... ...

Abstract	Brain network analyses have exploded in recent years and hold great potential in helping us understand normal and abnormal brain function. Network science approaches have facilitated these analyses and our understanding of how the brain is structurally and functionally organized. However, the development of statistical methods that allow relating this organization to phenotypic traits has lagged behind. Our previous work developed a novel analytic framework to assess the relationship between brain network architecture and phenotypic differences while controlling for confounding variables. More specifically, this innovative regression framework related distances (or similarities) between brain network features from a single task to functions of absolute differences in continuous covariates and indicators of difference for categorical variables. Here we extend that work to the multitask and multisession context to allow for multiple brain networks per individual. We explore several similarity metrics for comparing distances between connection matrices and adapt several standard methods for estimation and inference within our framework: standard
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2472-1751
ISSN (online)	2472-1751
DOI	10.1162/netn_a_00274
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Article ; Online: Covid-19, prison crowding, and release policies.

Simpson, Paul L / Butler, Tony G

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

2020 Volume 369, Page(s) m1551

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Crowding ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Prisons ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1362901-3
ISSN	1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
ISSN (online)	1756-1833
ISSN	0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
DOI	10.1136/bmj.m1551
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Article ; Online: Brain working memory network indices as landmarks of intelligence.

Khodaei, Mohammadreza / Laurienti, Paul J / Dagenbach, Dale / Simpson, Sean L

Neuroimage. Reports

2023 Volume 3, Issue 2

Abstract: Identifying the neural correlates of intelligence has long been a goal in neuroscience. Recently, the field of network neuroscience has attracted researchers' attention as a means for answering this question. In network neuroscience, the brain is ... ...

Abstract	Identifying the neural correlates of intelligence has long been a goal in neuroscience. Recently, the field of network neuroscience has attracted researchers' attention as a means for answering this question. In network neuroscience, the brain is considered as an integrated system whose systematic properties provide profound insights into health and behavioral outcomes. However, most network studies of intelligence have used univariate methods to investigate topological network measures, with their focus limited to a few measures. Furthermore, most studies have focused on resting state networks despite the fact that brain activation during working memory tasks has been linked to intelligence. Finally, the literature is still missing an investigation of the association between network assortativity and intelligence. To address these issues, here we employ a recently developed mixed-modeling framework for analyzing multi-task brain networks to elucidate the most critical working memory task network topological properties corresponding to individuals' intelligence differences. We used a data set of 379 subjects (22-35 y/o) from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). Each subject's data included composite intelligence scores, and fMRI during resting state and a 2-back working memory task. Following comprehensive quality control and preprocessing of the minimally preprocessed fMRI data, we extracted a set of the main topological network features, including global efficiency, degree, leverage centrality, modularity, and clustering coefficient. The estimated network features and subject's confounders were then incorporated into the multi-task mixed-modeling framework to investigate how brain network changes between working memory and resting state relate to intelligence score. Our results indicate that the general intelligence score (cognitive composite score) is associated with a change in the relationship between connection strength and multiple network topological properties, including global efficiency, leverage centrality, and degree difference during working memory as it is compared to resting state. More specifically, we observed a higher increase in the positive association between global efficiency and connection strength for the high intelligence group when they switch from resting state to working memory. The strong connections might form superhighways for a more efficient global flow of information through the brain network. Furthermore, we found an increase in the negative association between degree difference and leverage centrality with connection strength during working memory tasks for the high intelligence group. These indicate higher network resilience and assortativity along with higher circuit-specific information flow during working memory for those with a higher intelligence score. Although the exact neurobiological implications of our results are speculative at this point, our results provide evidence for the significant association of intelligence with hallmark properties of brain networks during working memory.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-9560
ISSN (online)	2666-9560
DOI	10.1016/j.ynirp.2023.100165
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Article ; Online: Incarcerated people should be prioritised for covid-19 vaccination.

Simpson, Paul L / Levy, Michael / Butler, Tony

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

2021 Volume 373, Page(s) n859

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/transmission ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Correctional Facilities ; Humans ; Mass Vaccination/organization & administration ; Patient Selection ; Prisoners/statistics & numerical data
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	1362901-3
ISSN	1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
ISSN (online)	1756-1833
ISSN	0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
DOI	10.1136/bmj.n859
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Article ; Online: A regression framework for brain network distance metrics.

Tomlinson, Chal E / Laurienti, Paul J / Lyday, Robert G / Simpson, Sean L

Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)

2022 Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 49–68

Abstract: Analyzing brain networks has long been a prominent research topic in neuroimaging. However, statistical methods to detect differences between these networks and relate them to phenotypic traits are still sorely needed. Our previous work developed a novel ...

Abstract	Analyzing brain networks has long been a prominent research topic in neuroimaging. However, statistical methods to detect differences between these networks and relate them to phenotypic traits are still sorely needed. Our previous work developed a novel permutation testing framework to detect differences between two groups. Here we advance that work to allow both assessing differences by continuous phenotypes and controlling for confounding variables. To achieve this, we propose an innovative regression framework to relate distances (or similarities) between brain network features to functions of absolute differences in continuous covariates and indicators of difference for categorical variables. We explore several similarity metrics for comparing distances (or similarities) between connection matrices, and adapt several standard methods for estimation and inference within our framework: standard
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2472-1751
ISSN (online)	2472-1751
DOI	10.1162/netn_a_00214
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Sediment Toxicity Tests: A Critical Review of Their use in Environmental Regulations.

Leppanen, Matti T / Sourisseau, Sandrine / Burgess, Robert M / Simpson, Stuart L / Sibley, Paul / Jonker, Michiel T O

Environmental toxicology and chemistry

2024

Abstract: Sediments are an integral component of aquatic systems, linking multiple water uses, functions, and services. Contamination of sediments by chemicals is a worldwide problem, with many jurisdictions trying to prevent future pollution (prospective) and ... ...

Abstract	Sediments are an integral component of aquatic systems, linking multiple water uses, functions, and services. Contamination of sediments by chemicals is a worldwide problem, with many jurisdictions trying to prevent future pollution (prospective) and manage existing contamination (retrospective). The present review assesses the implementation of sediment toxicity testing in environmental regulations globally. Currently, the incorporation of sediment toxicity testing in regulations is most common in the European Union (EU), North America, and Australasian regions, with some expansion in Asia and non-EU Europe. Employing sediment toxicity testing in prospective assessments (i.e., before chemicals are allowed on the market) is most advanced and harmonized with pesticides. In the retrospective assessment of environmental risks (i.e., chemicals already contaminating sediments), regulatory sediment toxicity testing practices are applied inconsistently on the global scale. International harmonization of sediment toxicity tests is considered an asset and has been successful through the widespread adoption and deployment of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines. On the other hand, retrospective sediment assessments benefit from incorporating regional species and protocols. Currently used toxicity testing species are diverse, with temperate species being applied most often, whereas test protocols are insufficiently flexible to appropriately address the range of environmental contaminants, including nanomaterials, highly hydrophobic contaminants, and ionized chemicals. The ever-increasing and -changing pressures placed on aquatic resources are a challenge for protection and management efforts, calling for continuous sediment toxicity test method improvement to insure effective use in regulatory frameworks. Future developments should focus on including more subtle and specific toxicity endpoints (e.g., incorporating bioavailability-based in vitro tests) and genomic techniques, extending sediment toxicity testing from single to multispecies approaches, and providing a better link with ecological protection goals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-20. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	46234-2
ISSN	1552-8618 ; 0730-7268
ISSN (online)	1552-8618
ISSN	0730-7268
DOI	10.1002/etc.5861
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Article ; Online: 'It breaks a narrative of paramedics, that we're lifesavers': A qualitative study of health professionals', bereaved family members' and carers' perceptions and experiences of palliative paramedicine.

Juhrmann, Madeleine L / Butow, Phyllis N / Platts, Cara M / Simpson, Paul / Boughey, Mark / Clayton, Josephine M

Palliative medicine

2023 Volume 37, Issue 8, Page(s) 1266–1279

Abstract: Background: Paramedic practice is diversifying to accommodate evolving global health trends, including community paramedicine models and growing expertise in palliative and end-of-life care. However, despite palliative care specific clinical practice ... ...

Abstract	Background: Paramedic practice is diversifying to accommodate evolving global health trends, including community paramedicine models and growing expertise in palliative and end-of-life care. However, despite palliative care specific clinical practice guidelines and existing training, paramedics still lack the skills, confidence and clinical support to provide this type of care. Aim: To elicit paramedics', palliative care doctors and nurses', general practitioners', residential aged care nurses' and bereaved families and carers' experiences, perspectives, and attitudes on the role, barriers and enablers of paramedics delivering palliative and end-of-life care in community-based settings. Design: A qualitative study employing reflexive thematic analysis of data collected from semi-structured online interviews was utilised. Setting/participants: A purposive sample of 50 stakeholders from all Australian jurisdictions participated. Results: Five themes were identified: positioning the paramedic (a dichotomy between the life saver and community responder); creating an identity (the trusted clinician in a crisis), fear and threat (feeling afraid of caring for the dying), permission to care (seeking consent to take a palliative approach) and the harsh reality (navigating the role in a limiting and siloed environment). Conclusion: Paramedics were perceived to have a revered public identity, shaped by their ability to fix a crisis. However, paramedics and other health professionals also expressed fear and vulnerability when taking a palliative approach to care. Paramedics may require consent to move beyond a culture of curative care, yet all participant groups recognised their important adjunct role to support community-based palliative care.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Paramedics ; Caregivers ; Paramedicine ; Australia ; Palliative Care ; Qualitative Research ; Family
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639247-7
ISSN	1477-030X ; 0269-2163
ISSN (online)	1477-030X
ISSN	0269-2163
DOI	10.1177/02692163231186451
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