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  1. Article: New Insights into the Estimation of Reproduction Numbers during an Epidemic.

    Sebastiani, Giovanni / Spassiani, Ilaria

    Vaccines

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 11

    Abstract: In this paper, we deal with the problem of estimating the reproduction number Rt during an epidemic, as it represents one of the most used indicators to study and control this phenomenon. In particular, we focus on two issues. First, to estimate Rt, we ... ...

    Abstract In this paper, we deal with the problem of estimating the reproduction number Rt during an epidemic, as it represents one of the most used indicators to study and control this phenomenon. In particular, we focus on two issues. First, to estimate Rt, we consider the use of positive test case data as an alternative to the first symptoms data, which are typically used. We both theoretically and empirically study the relationship between the two approaches. Second, we modify a method for estimating Rt during an epidemic that is widely used by public institutions in several countries worldwide. Our procedure is not affected by the problems deriving from the hypothesis of Rt local constancy, which is assumed in the standard approach. We illustrate the results obtained by applying the proposed methodologies to real and simulated SARS-CoV-2 datasets. In both cases, we also apply some specific methods to reduce systematic and random errors affecting the data. Our results show that the Rt during an epidemic can be estimated by using the positive test data, and that our estimator outperforms the standard estimator that makes use of the first symptoms data. It is hoped that the techniques proposed here could help in the study and control of epidemics, particularly the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703319-3
    ISSN 2076-393X
    ISSN 2076-393X
    DOI 10.3390/vaccines10111788
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: New Insights into the Estimation of Reproduction Numbers during an Epidemic

    Giovanni Sebastiani / Ilaria Spassiani

    Vaccines, Vol 10, Iss 1788, p

    2022  Volume 1788

    Abstract: In this paper, we deal with the problem of estimating the reproduction number ... R ... t ... during an epidemic, as it represents one of ... ...

    Abstract In this paper, we deal with the problem of estimating the reproduction number <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></semantics></math> during an epidemic, as it represents one of the most used indicators to study and control this phenomenon. In particular, we focus on two issues. First, to estimate <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></semantics></math> , we consider the use of positive test case data as an alternative to the first symptoms data, which are typically used. We both theoretically and empirically study the relationship between the two approaches. Second, we modify a method for estimating <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></semantics></math> during an epidemic that is widely used by public institutions in several countries worldwide. Our procedure is not affected by the problems deriving from the hypothesis of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></semantics></math> local constancy, which is assumed in the standard approach. We illustrate the results obtained by applying the proposed methodologies to real and simulated SARS-CoV-2 datasets. In both cases, we also apply some specific methods to reduce systematic and random errors affecting the data. Our results show that the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></semantics></math> during an epidemic can be estimated by using the positive test data, and that our estimator outperforms the standard ...
    Keywords reproduction number ; epidemic evolution ; SARS-CoV-2 ; estimation techniques ; mathematical analysis ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 511
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: COVID-19 Pandemic: Influence of Schools, Age Groups, and Virus Variants in Italy.

    Sebastiani, Giovanni / Palù, Giorgio

    Viruses

    2021  Volume 13, Issue 7

    Abstract: The estimated smooth curve of the percentage of subjects positive to SARS-CoV-2 started decreasing in Italy at the beginning of January 2021, due to the government containment measures undertaken from Christmas until 7 January. Approximately two weeks ... ...

    Abstract The estimated smooth curve of the percentage of subjects positive to SARS-CoV-2 started decreasing in Italy at the beginning of January 2021, due to the government containment measures undertaken from Christmas until 7 January. Approximately two weeks after releasing the measures, the curve stopped to decrease and remained approximately constant for four weeks to increase again in the middle of February. This epidemic phase had a public health care impact since, from the beginning of the fourth week of February, the curve of the intensive care unit's occupancy started to grow. This wave of infection was characterized by the presence of new virus variants, with a higher than 80% dominance of the so-called "English" variant, since 15 April. School activities in Italy started at different times from 7 January until 8 February, depending on every region's decision. Our present data on the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in different age groups in Italy are in agreement with literature reports showing that subjects older than 10 years are involved in virus transmission. More importantly, we provide evidence to support the hypothesis that also individuals of age 0-9 years can significantly contribute to the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/transmission ; COVID-19/virology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Italy/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Public Health ; SARS-CoV-2/classification ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Schools ; Students ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v13071269
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Nutritional and Lifestyle Therapy for NAFLD in People with HIV.

    Cinque, Felice / Cespiati, Annalisa / Lombardi, Rosa / Guaraldi, Giovanni / Sebastiani, Giada

    Nutrients

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 8

    Abstract: HIV infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are two major epidemics affecting millions of people worldwide. As people with HIV (PWH) age, there is an increased prevalence of metabolic comorbidities, along with unique HIV factors, such as ... ...

    Abstract HIV infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are two major epidemics affecting millions of people worldwide. As people with HIV (PWH) age, there is an increased prevalence of metabolic comorbidities, along with unique HIV factors, such as HIV chronic inflammation and life-long exposure to antiretroviral therapy, which leads to a high prevalence of NAFLD. An unhealthy lifestyle, with a high dietary intake of refined carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids, fructose added beverages, and processed red meat, as well as physical inactivity, are known to trigger and promote the progression of NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, with no currently approved pharmacotherapy and a lack of clinical trials that are inclusive of HIV, nutritional and lifestyle approaches still represent the most recommended treatments for PWH with NAFLD. While sharing common features with the general population, NAFLD in PWH displays its own peculiarities that may also reflect different impacts of nutrition and exercise on its onset and treatment. Therefore, in this narrative review, we aimed to explore the role of nutrients in the development of NAFLD in PWH. In addition, we discussed the nutritional and lifestyle approaches to managing NAFLD in the setting of HIV, with insights into the role of gut microbiota and lean NAFLD.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/therapy ; Obesity/metabolism ; Nutritional Status ; Life Style
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu15081990
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  5. Article: COVID-19 Pandemic: Influence of Schools, Age Groups, and Virus Variants in Italy

    Sebastiani, Giovanni / Palù, Giorgio

    Viruses. 2021 June 29, v. 13, no. 7

    2021  

    Abstract: The estimated smooth curve of the percentage of subjects positive to SARS-CoV-2 started decreasing in Italy at the beginning of January 2021, due to the government containment measures undertaken from Christmas until 7 January. Approximately two weeks ... ...

    Abstract The estimated smooth curve of the percentage of subjects positive to SARS-CoV-2 started decreasing in Italy at the beginning of January 2021, due to the government containment measures undertaken from Christmas until 7 January. Approximately two weeks after releasing the measures, the curve stopped to decrease and remained approximately constant for four weeks to increase again in the middle of February. This epidemic phase had a public health care impact since, from the beginning of the fourth week of February, the curve of the intensive care unit’s occupancy started to grow. This wave of infection was characterized by the presence of new virus variants, with a higher than 80% dominance of the so-called “English” variant, since 15 April. School activities in Italy started at different times from 7 January until 8 February, depending on every region’s decision. Our present data on the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in different age groups in Italy are in agreement with literature reports showing that subjects older than 10 years are involved in virus transmission. More importantly, we provide evidence to support the hypothesis that also individuals of age 0–9 years can significantly contribute to the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; health services ; public health ; virus transmission ; viruses ; Italy
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0629
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v13071269
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: COVID-19 and School Activities in Italy.

    Sebastiani, Giovanni / Palù, Giorgio

    Viruses

    2020  Volume 12, Issue 11

    Abstract: After a linear growth during September, the diffusion in Italy of SARS-CoV-2, responsible for COVID-19, has been growing exponentially since the end of that month with a doubling time approximately equal to one week [ ... ]. ...

    Abstract After a linear growth during September, the diffusion in Italy of SARS-CoV-2, responsible for COVID-19, has been growing exponentially since the end of that month with a doubling time approximately equal to one week [...].
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/transmission ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Incidence ; Italy/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Public Health/statistics & numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Schools/statistics & numerical data ; Students/statistics & numerical data
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v12111339
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Geotechnical characterization of natural clays for the prediction of clogging risk for TBM

    Sebastiani, Diego / Spagnoli, Giovanni / Amici, Marco / Mangifesta, Sara

    Environ Earth Sci. 2022 Oct., v. 81, no. 20 p.500-500

    2022  

    Abstract: During mechanical tunnel driving it is known that the excavated soils can stick to the metallic part of the tunnel boring machine (TBM). Despite the fact that several test methodologies have been developed during the last 15 years to provide an ... ...

    Abstract During mechanical tunnel driving it is known that the excavated soils can stick to the metallic part of the tunnel boring machine (TBM). Despite the fact that several test methodologies have been developed during the last 15 years to provide an assessment or quantification of the clogging risk, no standardized method is available yet. This study evaluated three natural clay samples with different grain size distribution and mineralogical content considering two widespread test set ups for the evaluation of the clogging tendency: the Hobart mixing and the plate pull-out test. After a comprehensive geotechnical characterization of the three clay samples, adherence and plate pull-out force have been measured at different water content/consistency index. Results show that adherence and plate pull-out force in terms of water content [Formula: see text] and consistency index [Formula: see text] follow normal distribution curves which, as the percentage of clay, the content of clay minerals and the plasticity increases, have higher amplitudes and higher peak values. In general, the existence of a correlation between geotechnical classifications parameters and the behavior in terms of potential clogging risk for natural clays makes it possible to predict these risks in the design phase of the tunnel excavation and to plan appropriate mitigation actions.
    Keywords clay ; normal distribution ; particle size distribution ; plasticity ; prediction ; risk ; water content
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-10
    Size p. 500.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2493699-6
    ISSN 1866-6299 ; 1866-6280
    ISSN (online) 1866-6299
    ISSN 1866-6280
    DOI 10.1007/s12665-022-10630-3
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Sarcopenic obesity at the crossroad of pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases.

    Guaraldi, Giovanni / Milic, Jovana / Sebastiani, Giada / Raggi, Paolo

    Atherosclerosis

    2021  Volume 335, Page(s) 84–86

    MeSH term(s) Body Composition ; Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Humans ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/diagnosis ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Sarcopenia/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-06
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Editorial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80061-2
    ISSN 1879-1484 ; 0021-9150
    ISSN (online) 1879-1484
    ISSN 0021-9150
    DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.09.006
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 226: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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  9. Article ; Online: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: An opportunity for collaboration between cardiology and hepatology.

    Raggi, Paolo / Milic, Jovana / Manicardi, Marcella / Cinque, Felice / Swain, Mark G / Sebastiani, Giada / Guaraldi, Giovanni

    Atherosclerosis

    2024  Volume 392, Page(s) 117523

    Abstract: Altered metabolic function has many detrimental effects on the body that can manifest as cardiovascular and liver diseases. Traditional approaches to understanding and treating metabolic dysfunction-associated disorders have been organ-centered, leading ... ...

    Abstract Altered metabolic function has many detrimental effects on the body that can manifest as cardiovascular and liver diseases. Traditional approaches to understanding and treating metabolic dysfunction-associated disorders have been organ-centered, leading to silo-type disease care. However, given the broad impact that systemic metabolic dysfunction has on the human body, approaches that simultaneously involve multiple medical specialists need to be developed and encouraged to optimize patient outcomes. In this review, we highlight how several of the treatments developed for cardiac care may have a beneficial effect on the liver and vice versa, suggesting that there is a need to target the disease process, rather than specifically target the cardiovascular or liver specific sequelae of metabolic dysfunction.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-16
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80061-2
    ISSN 1879-1484 ; 0021-9150
    ISSN (online) 1879-1484
    ISSN 0021-9150
    DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117523
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 226: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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  10. Article: COVID-19 and School Activities in Italy

    Sebastiani, Giovanni / Palù, Giorgio

    Viruses. 2020 Nov. 23, v. 12, no. 11

    2020  

    Abstract: After a linear growth during September, the diffusion in Italy of SARS-CoV-2, responsible for COVID-19, has been growing exponentially since the end of that month with a doubling time approximately equal to one week [ ... ] ...

    Abstract After a linear growth during September, the diffusion in Italy of SARS-CoV-2, responsible for COVID-19, has been growing exponentially since the end of that month with a doubling time approximately equal to one week [...]
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; epidemiology ; school children ; schools ; Italy
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-1123
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v12111339
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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