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  1. Article: Development of a novel clinical support tool for active surveillance of low risk papillary thyroid cancer.

    White, Eleanor / Abbott, Bridget / Schembri, Geoffrey / Glover, Anthony / Clifton-Bligh, Roderick / Gild, Matti L

    Frontiers in endocrinology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1160249

    Abstract: Background: Active surveillance (AS) is an alternative to surgery in select patients with very low risk papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Many clinicians feel ill-equipped in selecting appropriate patients. We aimed to 1) Develop an evidence-based web ... ...

    Abstract Background: Active surveillance (AS) is an alternative to surgery in select patients with very low risk papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Many clinicians feel ill-equipped in selecting appropriate patients. We aimed to 1) Develop an evidence-based web delivered decision support tool to assist clinicians in identifying patients appropriate for AS; and 2) Evaluate the prevalence of patients suitable for AS in a tertiary high volume thyroid cancer centre.
    Method: A REDCap web based clinical support tool was developed utilising evidence-based characteristics for AS suitability available to clinicals during initial assessment. A retrospective database was interrogated for patients who underwent hemithyroidectomy between 2012 - 2021 with final histopathology demonstrating PTC. Patients with PTCs>2cm, missing data, benign disease on surgical histopathology or incidental PTC were excluded.
    Results: Between 2012 - 2021, 763 patients underwent hemithyroidectomy with final histopathology confirming PTC. Of these, 316 patients were excluded (missing data, incidental PTC, concomitant hyperparathyroidism were most common reasons for exclusion) and 114/447 remaining patients had a pre-operative fine needle aspirate (FNA) of Bethesda V or VI (high likelihood of malignancy). Using the tool, 59/114 (52%) met criteria for AS. The majority of patients were female (85%
    Conclusion: Our clinical support tool identifies patients with PTC potentially suitable for AS which could be utilised during initial patient assessment. In a retrospective cohort of patients who had hemithyroidectomy for PTC with a pre-operative FNA diagnosis of Bethesda V or VI, 55/114 (48%) patients may have been suitable for AS. Prospective validation studies are required for implementation of the tool in clinical practice.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2592084-4
    ISSN 1664-2392
    ISSN 1664-2392
    DOI 10.3389/fendo.2023.1160249
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Testing Food Waste Reduction Targets

    Daniel Black / Taoyuan Wei / Eleanor Eaton / Alistair Hunt / Joy Carey / Ulrich Schmutz / Bingzi He / Ian Roderick

    Sustainability, Vol 15, Iss 6004, p

    Integrating Transition Scenarios with Macro-Valuation in an Urban Living Lab

    2023  Volume 6004

    Abstract: Bristol, one of the United Kingdom’s (UK) nine Core Cities, is seeking to achieve Zero Waste City status by 2049. This study combines macro-economic valuation with transition pathway mapping and adapted participatory scenario planning to stress test the ... ...

    Abstract Bristol, one of the United Kingdom’s (UK) nine Core Cities, is seeking to achieve Zero Waste City status by 2049. This study combines macro-economic valuation with transition pathway mapping and adapted participatory scenario planning to stress test the city’s ambitious food waste targets. The primary aim is to enable better understanding of who might be affected by achieving these targets, both locally and nationally, the potential scale of impacts, and therefore the potential barriers and policy opportunities. The valuation focuses on household and commercial food waste, combining available site and city data with national level proxies. Impact areas include changes in sectoral income, employee income, capital owner income, tax revenue, and carbon emissions. Four scenarios, based on two extreme cases, are modelled to consider food waste reduction and potential shifts in consumption patterns. Results indicate that current market and governance failures incentivise waste, and suggest potential routes to transition, including trade-offs and resource reallocation, alongside the need to acknowledge and respond to these profound structural barriers. With further development and testing, the approach may contribute to a better understanding of how to achieve city socioenvironmental targets.
    Keywords food waste ; urban governance ; societal impact ; urban health ; transition pathways ; barrier identification ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Risk of UTI in kidney stone formers: a matched-cohort study over a median follow-up of 19 years.

    Brain, Eleanor / Geraghty, Robert M / Cook, Paul / Roderick, Paul / Somani, Bhaskar

    World journal of urology

    2021  Volume 39, Issue 8, Page(s) 3095–3101

    Abstract: Purpose: To describe risk of UTI in Stone formers comparing to non-stone formers.: Methods: Retrospective cohort study using electronic records for patients across southern England. Stone formers referred to a tertiary referral centre in Southern ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To describe risk of UTI in Stone formers comparing to non-stone formers.
    Methods: Retrospective cohort study using electronic records for patients across southern England. Stone formers referred to a tertiary referral centre in Southern England, comparator patients were age and sex matched with 3:1 ratio from same database. Those with no documentation were excluded. UTI defined using ICD-10 codes. Risk of UTI presented as hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval, generated using cox regression. Sample size calculated using 80% power and significance set at 0.05.
    Results: Eight hundred and nineteen stone formers were included after 1000 records were screened for inclusion, with 2477 age and sex matched non-stone formers extracted from the same database. Sample size was calculated at 287 per group. Stone formers were at significantly increased risk of developing a UTI (HR 5.67; 95% CI 4.52-7.18, p < 0.001). Median follow-up was 19 years (IQR: 15-22).
    Conclusions: Kidney stone formers are at increased risk of developing urinary tract infections.
    MeSH term(s) Electronic Health Records/statistics & numerical data ; England/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; International Classification of Diseases ; Kidney Calculi/complications ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis ; Kidney Calculi/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Risk Assessment/statistics & numerical data ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis ; Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/etiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-05
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 380333-8
    ISSN 1433-8726 ; 0724-4983
    ISSN (online) 1433-8726
    ISSN 0724-4983
    DOI 10.1007/s00345-020-03564-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Distortion in transmission of pathogenic SDHB- and SDHD-mutated alleles from parent to offspring.

    Davidoff, Dahlia F / Lim, Eugénie S / Benn, Diana E / Subramaniam, Yuvanaa / Dorman, Eleanor / Burgess, John R / Akker, Scott A / Clifton-Bligh, Roderick J

    Endocrine-related cancer

    2023  Volume 30, Issue 5

    Abstract: Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma are highly heritable tumours; half of those associated with a germline mutation are caused by mutations in genes for Krebs's cycle enzymes, including succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Inheritance of SDH alleles is assumed ...

    Abstract Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma are highly heritable tumours; half of those associated with a germline mutation are caused by mutations in genes for Krebs's cycle enzymes, including succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Inheritance of SDH alleles is assumed to be Mendelian (probability of 50% from each parent). The departure from transmission of parental alleles in a ratio of 1:1 is termed transmission ratio distortion (TRD). We sought to assess whether TRD occurs in the transmission of SDHB pathogenic variants (PVs). This study was conducted with 41 families of a discovery cohort from Royal North Shore Hospital, Australia, and 41 families from a validation cohort from St. Bartholomew's Hospital, United Kingdom (UK). Inclusion criteria were a clinically diagnosed SDHB PV and a pedigree available for at least two generations. TRD was assessed in 575 participants with the exact binomial test. The transmission ratio for SDHB PV was 0.59 (P = 0.005) in the discovery cohort, 0.67 (P < 0.001) in the validation cohort, and 0.63 (P < 0.001) in the combined cohort. No parent-of-origin effect was observed. TRD remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders: 0.67 (P < 0.001) excluding families with incomplete family size data; 0.58 (P < 0.001) when probands were excluded. TRD was also evident for SDHD PVs in a cohort of 81 patients from 13 families from the UK. The reason for TRD of SDHB and SDHD PVs is unknown, but we hypothesize a survival advantage selected during early embryogenesis. The existence of TRD for SDHB and SDHD has implications for reproductive counselling, and further research into the heterozygote state.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/genetics ; Alleles ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Paraganglioma/genetics ; Pheochromocytoma/genetics ; Succinate Dehydrogenase/genetics ; Inheritance Patterns
    Chemical Substances SDHB protein, human (EC 1.3.5.1) ; SDHD protein, human ; Succinate Dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1218450-0
    ISSN 1479-6821 ; 1351-0088
    ISSN (online) 1479-6821
    ISSN 1351-0088
    DOI 10.1530/ERC-22-0233
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: IEEE P7001: A Proposed Standard on Transparency.

    Winfield, Alan F T / Booth, Serena / Dennis, Louise A / Egawa, Takashi / Hastie, Helen / Jacobs, Naomi / Muttram, Roderick I / Olszewska, Joanna I / Rajabiyazdi, Fahimeh / Theodorou, Andreas / Underwood, Mark A / Wortham, Robert H / Watson, Eleanor

    Frontiers in robotics and AI

    2021  Volume 8, Page(s) 665729

    Abstract: This paper describes IEEE P7001, a new draft standard on transparency of autonomous systems. In the paper, we outline the development and structure of the draft standard. We present the rationale for transparency as a measurable, testable property. We ... ...

    Abstract This paper describes IEEE P7001, a new draft standard on transparency of autonomous systems. In the paper, we outline the development and structure of the draft standard. We present the rationale for transparency as a measurable, testable property. We outline five stakeholder groups: users, the general public and bystanders, safety certification agencies, incident/accident investigators and lawyers/expert witnesses, and explain the thinking behind the normative definitions of "levels" of transparency for each stakeholder group in P7001. The paper illustrates the application of P7001 through worked examples of both specification and assessment of fictional autonomous systems.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2781824-X
    ISSN 2296-9144 ; 2296-9144
    ISSN (online) 2296-9144
    ISSN 2296-9144
    DOI 10.3389/frobt.2021.665729
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: IEEE P7001

    Alan F. T. Winfield / Serena Booth / Louise A. Dennis / Takashi Egawa / Helen Hastie / Naomi Jacobs / Roderick I. Muttram / Joanna I. Olszewska / Fahimeh Rajabiyazdi / Andreas Theodorou / Mark A. Underwood / Robert H. Wortham / Eleanor Watson

    Frontiers in Robotics and AI, Vol

    A Proposed Standard on Transparency

    2021  Volume 8

    Abstract: This paper describes IEEE P7001, a new draft standard on transparency of autonomous systems1. In the paper, we outline the development and structure of the draft standard. We present the rationale for transparency as a measurable, testable property. We ... ...

    Abstract This paper describes IEEE P7001, a new draft standard on transparency of autonomous systems1. In the paper, we outline the development and structure of the draft standard. We present the rationale for transparency as a measurable, testable property. We outline five stakeholder groups: users, the general public and bystanders, safety certification agencies, incident/accident investigators and lawyers/expert witnesses, and explain the thinking behind the normative definitions of “levels” of transparency for each stakeholder group in P7001. The paper illustrates the application of P7001 through worked examples of both specification and assessment of fictional autonomous systems.
    Keywords transparency ; explainability ; autonomous systems ; robot ethics ; AI ethics ; Mechanical engineering and machinery ; TJ1-1570 ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: Craniopharyngiomas. Historical aspects of their management.

    Roderick, Eleanor / Karavitaki, Niki / Wass, John Ah

    Hormones (Athens, Greece)

    2008  Volume 7, Issue 3, Page(s) 271–274

    Abstract: The history of the management of craniopharyngiomas offers a comprehensive review of the exciting progress in neurosurgery, neuroimaging, neuroendocrinology and radiation oncology during the last century. In this historical note, we present the evolution ...

    Abstract The history of the management of craniopharyngiomas offers a comprehensive review of the exciting progress in neurosurgery, neuroimaging, neuroendocrinology and radiation oncology during the last century. In this historical note, we present the evolution in management of these most challenging of brain tumours, which, despite the substantial knowledge and expertise gained since the first attempt of surgical removal, remains a subject of considerable debate.
    MeSH term(s) Craniopharyngioma/history ; Craniopharyngioma/therapy ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Neurosurgical Procedures/history ; Pituitary Irradiation/history ; Pituitary Neoplasms/history ; Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-07-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2075912-5
    ISSN 1109-3099
    ISSN 1109-3099
    DOI 10.14310/horm.2002.1208
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Absence of juvenile effects confirmed in stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of European larch trees

    Eleanor Kilroy / Danny McCarroll / Giles H. F. Young / Neil J. Loader / Roderick J. Bale

    Acta Silvae et Ligni, Vol 111, Pp 27-

    2016  Volume 33

    Abstract: We report carbon and oxygen isotope ratios measured from the pith at breast height (ca. 1.2m) of three European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) trees growing in a mixed wood in West Wales, UK. The non-climatic rising trend of carbon isotope ratios reported ... ...

    Abstract We report carbon and oxygen isotope ratios measured from the pith at breast height (ca. 1.2m) of three European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) trees growing in a mixed wood in West Wales, UK. The non-climatic rising trend of carbon isotope ratios reported for other species during early (juvenile) growth is not present and neither isotope shows significant trends as the tree matures. Results from the first ten rings are not significantly different from the next two sets of ten rings. Absence of a juvenile effect in carbon isotopes of European larch has been reported from trees growing in a low density stand in France and attributed to an absence of shading and no use of respired carbon dioxide. This site, in contrast, is densely wooded and the dominant oaks predate the larch trees, suggesting that juvenile effects, when present, may instead be caused by changes in hydraulic conductivity. More research is needed on juvenile effects as the current practice of avoiding juvenile wood is restricting the potential of stable isotope analysis of tree rings for dendroclimatology and plant physiology.
    Keywords Forestry ; SD1-669.5 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 333
    Language German
    Publishing date 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Slovenian Forestry Institute
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Loss of p53 induces cell proliferation via Ras-independent activation of the Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathway.

    Drosten, Matthias / Sum, Eleanor Y M / Lechuga, Carmen G / Simón-Carrasco, Lucía / Jacob, Harrys K C / García-Medina, Raquel / Huang, Sidong / Beijersbergen, Roderick L / Bernards, Rene / Barbacid, Mariano

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2014  Volume 111, Issue 42, Page(s) 15155–15160

    Abstract: The Ras family of small GTPases constitutes a central node in the transmission of mitogenic stimuli to the cell cycle machinery. The ultimate receptor of these mitogenic signals is the retinoblastoma (Rb) family of pocket proteins, whose inactivation is ... ...

    Abstract The Ras family of small GTPases constitutes a central node in the transmission of mitogenic stimuli to the cell cycle machinery. The ultimate receptor of these mitogenic signals is the retinoblastoma (Rb) family of pocket proteins, whose inactivation is a required step to license cell proliferation. However, little is known regarding the molecular events that connect Ras signaling with the cell cycle. Here, we provide genetic evidence to illustrate that the p53/p21 Cdk-interacting protein 1 (Cip1)/Rb axis is an essential component of the Ras signaling pathway. Indeed, knockdown of p53, p21Cip1, or Rb restores proliferative properties in cells arrested by ablation of the three Ras loci, H-, N- and K-Ras. Ras signaling selectively inactivates p53-mediated induction of p21Cip1 expression by inhibiting acetylation of specific lysine residues in the p53 DNA binding domain. Proliferation of cells lacking both Ras proteins and p53 can be prevented by reexpression of the human p53 ortholog, provided that it retains an active DNA binding domain and an intact lysine residue at position 164. These results unveil a previously unidentified role for p53 in preventing cell proliferation under unfavorable mitogenic conditions. Moreover, we provide evidence that cells lacking Ras and p53 proteins owe their proliferative properties to the unexpected retroactivation of the Raf/Mek/Erk cascade by a Ras-independent mechanism.
    MeSH term(s) Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; Genes, ras ; Humans ; Lysine/chemistry ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mice ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism ; raf Kinases/metabolism ; ras Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances CDKN1A protein, human ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; TP53 protein, human ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; raf Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24) ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases (EC 2.7.12.2) ; ras Proteins (EC 3.6.5.2) ; Lysine (K3Z4F929H6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-10-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.1417549111
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Access to Transplantation and Transplant Outcome Measures (ATTOM): study protocol of a UK wide, in-depth, prospective cohort analysis.

    Oniscu, Gabriel C / Ravanan, Rommel / Wu, Diana / Gibbons, Andrea / Li, Bernadette / Tomson, Charles / Forsythe, John L / Bradley, Clare / Cairns, John / Dudley, Christopher / Watson, Christopher J E / Bolton, Eleanor M / Draper, Heather / Robb, Matthew / Bradbury, Lisa / Pruthi, Rishi / Metcalfe, Wendy / Fogarty, Damian / Roderick, Paul /
    Bradley, J Andrew

    BMJ open

    2016  Volume 6, Issue 2, Page(s) e010377

    Abstract: Introduction: There is significant intercentre variability in access to renal transplantation in the UK due to poorly understood factors. The overarching aims of this study are to improve equity of access to kidney and kidney-pancreas transplantation ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: There is significant intercentre variability in access to renal transplantation in the UK due to poorly understood factors. The overarching aims of this study are to improve equity of access to kidney and kidney-pancreas transplantation across the UK and to optimise organ allocation to maximise the benefit and cost-effectiveness of transplantation.
    Methods and analysis: 6844 patients aged 18-75 years starting dialysis and/or receiving a transplant together with matched patients active on the transplant list from all 72 UK renal units were recruited between November 2011 and March 2013 and will be followed for at least 3 years. The outcomes of interest include patient survival, access to the transplant list, receipt of a transplant, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including quality of life, treatment satisfaction, well-being and health status on different forms of renal replacement therapy. Sociodemographic and clinical data were prospectively collected from case notes and from interviews with patients and local clinical teams. Qualitative process exploration with clinical staff will help identify unit-specific factors that influence access to renal transplantation. A health economic analysis will explore costs and outcomes associated with alternative approaches to organ allocation. The study will deliver: (1) an understanding of patient and unit-specific factors influencing access to renal transplantation in the UK, informing potential changes to practices and policies to optimise outcomes and reduce intercentre variability; (2) a patient-survival probability model to standardise access to the renal transplant list and (3) an understanding of PROMs and health economic impact of kidney and kidney-pancreas transplantation to inform the development of a more sophisticated and fairer organ allocation algorithm.
    Ethics and dissemination: The protocol has been independently peer reviewed by National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and approved by the East of England Research Ethics Committee. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; Prospective Studies ; Research Design ; United Kingdom ; Waiting Lists ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-02-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010377
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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