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  1. Book ; Online: Evaluating Evidence of Mechanisms in Medicine : Principles and Procedures

    Parkkinen, Veli-Pekka / Wallmann, Christian / Wilde, Michael / Clarke, Brendan / Illari, Phyllis / Kelly, Michael P / Norell, Charles / Russo, Federica / Shaw, Beth / Williamson, Jon

    2018  

    Keywords Philosophy ; Philosophy: epistemology & theory of knowledge ; Medicine-Philosophy ; Epistemology
    Size 1 electronic resource (125 pages)
    Publisher Springer Nature
    Publishing place Cham
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English ; Open Access
    HBZ-ID HT021028826
    ISBN 978-3-319-94610-8 ; 3-319-94610-2
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Book ; Online: Evaluating Evidence of Mechanisms in Medicine

    Parkkinen, Veli-Pekka / Wallmann, Christian / Wilde, Michael / Clarke, Brendan / Illari, Phyllis / Kelly, Michael P. / Norell, Charles / Russo, Federica / Shaw, Beth / Williamson, Jon

    Principles and Procedures

    (SpringerBriefs in Philosophy)

    2018  

    Author's details by Veli-Pekka Parkkinen, Christian Wallmann, Michael Wilde, Brendan Clarke, Phyllis Illari, Michael P Kelly, Charles Norell, Federica Russo, Beth Shaw, Jon Williamson
    Series title SpringerBriefs in Philosophy
    Keywords Philosophy ; Epistemology ; Medicine/Philosophy
    Subject code 610.1
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (XVIII, 125 p. 14 illus)
    Publisher Springer International Publishing ; Imprint: Springer
    Publishing place Cham
    Document type Book ; Online
    HBZ-ID HT019767239
    ISBN 978-3-319-94610-8 ; 9783319946092 ; 3-319-94610-2 ; 3319946099
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-94610-8
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  3. Article: Creeping Through the Backdoor: Disruption in Medicine and Health.

    Shaw, Brendan / Chisholm, Orin

    Frontiers in pharmacology

    2020  Volume 11, Page(s) 818

    Abstract: Can disruption happen when no one notices? Disruptive technologies and processes are fundamentally starting to up-end how medicines and health systems benefit patients but the question is whether health systems are ready for them. This paper will briefly ...

    Abstract Can disruption happen when no one notices? Disruptive technologies and processes are fundamentally starting to up-end how medicines and health systems benefit patients but the question is whether health systems are ready for them. This paper will briefly review the business strategy and management literature on topics such as disruption and "black swan" theories of change, before turning to discuss some of the areas where change is affecting medicine and healthcare. Such areas include the emergence of cell and gene therapies, the economics of cures, digital technologies, mobile apps, social media, supply chain technologies such as drones and online distribution, universal health coverage and funding, and consumerisation of healthcare. The question to be asked is whether these sorts of changes are "disruptive" or whether they were coming for a long time and it is just that health systems are slow to change. It could be argued that while perhaps unexpected by day-to-day practitioners in healthcare, in fact, many of the changes now starting to affect the health and medicines sector have been affecting other sectors such as technology, finance and communications for decades.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587355-6
    ISSN 1663-9812
    ISSN 1663-9812
    DOI 10.3389/fphar.2020.00818
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Talkin' About a Resolution: Issues in the Push for Greater Transparency of Medicine Prices.

    Shaw, Brendan / Mestre-Ferrandiz, Jorge

    PharmacoEconomics

    2020  Volume 38, Issue 2, Page(s) 125–134

    Abstract: At the 2019 World Health Assembly, a significant new resolution was agreed by most countries to start publicly sharing information on the real net prices they pay for medicines in their health systems. The resolution also includes provisions for ... ...

    Abstract At the 2019 World Health Assembly, a significant new resolution was agreed by most countries to start publicly sharing information on the real net prices they pay for medicines in their health systems. The resolution also includes provisions for countries to support other transparency activities. However, an additional proposal to require pharmaceutical companies to submit information on their internal sales figures, internal research and development costs, clinical trial costs and marketing costs for each individual medicine as a condition of registration, and for governments to publish this, was not agreed. Pressure for coordinated international action to increase the transparency of medicine prices and costs has been building for some time, as confidential discounts and rebates on prices of medicines are common. We argue that while it is possible that stakeholders may benefit to some extent from greater transparency on prices, several important policy and economic issues need to be carefully considered. Such transparency, combined with widespread use of international reference pricing, might undermine companies' differential pricing strategies, which are important in fostering wider access to medicines in low- and middle-income countries in particular, noting that access to medicines issues can occur in high-income countries as well. Moreover, there is a further risk that these types of proposals will lead to price fixing, less competition and higher prices than might otherwise be the case. The lack of any commitments in the resolution to greater transparency in payer decision-making processes also risks undermining the credibility of the resolution. The resolution and further transparency measures could have the potential to undermine patient access to medicines in the developing world, lead to higher prices in some markets and compromise long-term development of new medicines for future generations.
    MeSH term(s) Cost Control/legislation & jurisprudence ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Drug Costs ; Drug Industry/economics ; Drug Industry/legislation & jurisprudence ; Economic Competition ; Economics, Pharmaceutical/legislation & jurisprudence ; Economics, Pharmaceutical/trends ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; World Health Organization
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-11
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1100273-6
    ISSN 1179-2027 ; 1170-7690
    ISSN (online) 1179-2027
    ISSN 1170-7690
    DOI 10.1007/s40273-019-00877-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 3579: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  5. Article ; Online: Creeping Through the Backdoor

    Brendan Shaw / Orin Chisholm

    Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol

    Disruption in Medicine and Health

    2020  Volume 11

    Abstract: Can disruption happen when no one notices? Disruptive technologies and processes are fundamentally starting to up-end how medicines and health systems benefit patients but the question is whether health systems are ready for them. This paper will briefly ...

    Abstract Can disruption happen when no one notices? Disruptive technologies and processes are fundamentally starting to up-end how medicines and health systems benefit patients but the question is whether health systems are ready for them. This paper will briefly review the business strategy and management literature on topics such as disruption and “black swan” theories of change, before turning to discuss some of the areas where change is affecting medicine and healthcare. Such areas include the emergence of cell and gene therapies, the economics of cures, digital technologies, mobile apps, social media, supply chain technologies such as drones and online distribution, universal health coverage and funding, and consumerisation of healthcare. The question to be asked is whether these sorts of changes are “disruptive” or whether they were coming for a long time and it is just that health systems are slow to change. It could be argued that while perhaps unexpected by day-to-day practitioners in healthcare, in fact, many of the changes now starting to affect the health and medicines sector have been affecting other sectors such as technology, finance and communications for decades.
    Keywords disruption ; healthcare ; health systems ; medicine ; policy ; innovation ; Therapeutics. Pharmacology ; RM1-950
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Australia's National Medicines Policy is outdated and in need of review.

    Shaw, Brendan / Chisholm, Orin

    The Medical journal of Australia

    2019  Volume 211, Issue 6, Page(s) 252–254.e1

    MeSH term(s) Australia ; Drug Industry/legislation & jurisprudence ; Drug Industry/organization & administration ; Drug Industry/standards ; Health Policy ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Legislation, Drug/history ; Legislation, Drug/organization & administration ; Legislation, Drug/standards ; Public Health
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-21
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 186082-3
    ISSN 1326-5377 ; 0025-729X
    ISSN (online) 1326-5377
    ISSN 0025-729X
    DOI 10.5694/mja2.50268
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Ua VI Zs.398: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  7. Book ; Online: An Approximate Skolem Function Counter

    Shaw, Arijit / Juba, Brendan / Meel, Kuldeep S.

    2023  

    Abstract: One approach to probabilistic inference involves counting the number of models of a given Boolean formula. Here, we are interested in inferences involving higher-order objects, i.e., functions. We study the following task: Given a Boolean specification ... ...

    Abstract One approach to probabilistic inference involves counting the number of models of a given Boolean formula. Here, we are interested in inferences involving higher-order objects, i.e., functions. We study the following task: Given a Boolean specification between a set of inputs and outputs, count the number of functions of inputs such that the specification is met. Such functions are called Skolem functions. Our study is motivated by the recent development of scalable approaches to Boolean function synthesis. This stands in relation to our problem analogously to the relationship between Boolean satisfiability and the model counting problem. Yet, counting Skolem functions poses considerable new challenges. From the complexity-theoretic standpoint, counting Skolem functions is not only $\#P$-hard; it is quite unlikely to have an FPRAS (Fully Polynomial Randomized Approximation Scheme) as the problem of even synthesizing one Skolem function remains challenging, even given access to an NP oracle. The primary contribution of this work is the first algorithm, $\mathsf{SkolemFC}$, that computes the number of Skolem functions. $\mathsf{SkolemFC}$ relies on technical connections between counting functions and propositional model counting: our algorithm makes a linear number of calls to an approximate model counter and computes an estimate of the number of Skolem functions with theoretical guarantees. Our prototype displays impressive scalability, handling benchmarks comparably to state-of-the-art Skolem function synthesis engines, even though counting all such functions ostensibly poses a greater challenge than synthesizing a single function.
    Keywords Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science
    Subject code 511
    Publishing date 2023-12-19
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Progress towards a glycoconjugate vaccine against Group A Streptococcus.

    Burns, Keira / Dorfmueller, Helge C / Wren, Brendan W / Mawas, Fatme / Shaw, Helen A

    NPJ vaccines

    2023  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 48

    Abstract: The Group A Carbohydrate (GAC) is a defining feature of Group A Streptococcus (Strep A) or Streptococcus pyogenes. It is a conserved and simple polysaccharide, comprising a rhamnose backbone and GlcNAc side chains, further decorated with glycerol ... ...

    Abstract The Group A Carbohydrate (GAC) is a defining feature of Group A Streptococcus (Strep A) or Streptococcus pyogenes. It is a conserved and simple polysaccharide, comprising a rhamnose backbone and GlcNAc side chains, further decorated with glycerol phosphate on approximately 40% GlcNAc residues. Its conservation, surface exposure and antigenicity have made it an interesting focus on Strep A vaccine design. Glycoconjugates containing this conserved carbohydrate should be a key approach towards the successful mission to build a universal Strep A vaccine candidate. In this review, a brief introduction to GAC, the main carbohydrate component of Strep A bacteria, and a variety of published carrier proteins and conjugation technologies are discussed. Components and technologies should be chosen carefully for building affordable Strep A vaccine candidates, particularly for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Towards this, novel technologies are discussed, such as the prospective use of bioconjugation with PglB for rhamnose polymer conjugation and generalised modules for membrane antigens (GMMA), particularly as low-cost solutions to vaccine production. Rational design of "double-hit" conjugates encompassing species specific glycan and protein components would be beneficial and production of a conserved vaccine to target Strep A colonisation without invoking an autoimmune response would be ideal.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2059-0105
    ISSN (online) 2059-0105
    DOI 10.1038/s41541-023-00639-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Designed for a pandemic: Mitigating the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through hospital design and infrastructure.

    Kennedy, Brendan / Ashokan, Anushia / Lim, Chuan Kok / Lagana, Diana / Juraja, Marija / Shaw, David

    Infection, disease & health

    2023  Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 25–31

    Abstract: Background: To describe the new Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH) design and infrastructure features that helped mitigate the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission within the hospital during the pre-vaccination ... ...

    Abstract Background: To describe the new Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH) design and infrastructure features that helped mitigate the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission within the hospital during the pre-vaccination and pre-antiviral period.
    Method: The RAH infrastructure, design and initial pandemic response was assessed. A retrospective review of all confirmed or suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients admitted from 1 February 2020 to 30 May 2020 was also performed to assess risk of transmission. Outbreak response reports were reviewed to identify episodes of nosocomial COVID-19.
    Results: Key infrastructure features include single-bed overnight rooms with dedicated bathrooms, creation of pandemic areas accessible only to pandemic staff, and sophisticated air-handling units with improved ventilation. A total of 264 COVID-19 related admission occurred, with 113 confirmed cases and 1579 total cumulative bed days. Despite a limited understanding of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, no vaccination or anti-viral therapy, global shortages of particulate filter respirators and restricted testing during this period, only one probable nosocomial COVID-19 case occurred in a healthcare worker, with no nosocomial cases involving patients.
    Conclusions: The RAH design and pandemic features complimented existing infection control interventions and was important in limiting nosocomial spread of SARS-CoV-2.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Hospital Design and Construction ; Cross Infection/epidemiology ; Cross Infection/prevention & control
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-06
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2902143-1
    ISSN 2468-0869 ; 2468-0451
    ISSN (online) 2468-0869
    ISSN 2468-0451
    DOI 10.1016/j.idh.2023.08.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Biosimilars naming and prescribing policy in Australia

    Brendan Shaw

    Generics and Biosimilars Initiative Journal, Vol 2, Iss 4, Pp 168-

    2013  Volume 169

    Keywords Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441 ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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