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Article: Vitamin B12 measurements across neurodegenerative disorders.

Luthra, Nijee S / Marcus, Ariane H / Hills, Nancy K / Christine, Chadwick W

2020 Volume 7, Page(s) 3

Abstract: Background: Vitamin B12 deficiency causes a number of neurological features including cognitive and psychiatric disturbances, gait instability, neuropathy, and autonomic dysfunction. Clinical recognition of B12 deficiency in neurodegenerative disorders ... ...

Abstract	Background: Vitamin B12 deficiency causes a number of neurological features including cognitive and psychiatric disturbances, gait instability, neuropathy, and autonomic dysfunction. Clinical recognition of B12 deficiency in neurodegenerative disorders is more challenging because it causes defects that overlap with expected disease progression. We sought to determine whether B12 levels at the time of diagnosis in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) differed from those in patients with other neurodegenerative disorders. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of B12 levels obtained around the time of diagnosis in patients with PD, Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). We also evaluated the rate of B12 decline in PD, AD, and MCI. Results: In multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, and B12 supplementation, we found that B12 levels were significantly lower at time of diagnosis in patients with PD than in patients with PSP, FTD, and DLB. In PD, AD, and MCI, the rate of B12 decline ranged from - 17 to - 47 pg/ml/year, much greater than that reported for the elderly population. Conclusions: Further studies are needed to determine whether comorbid B12 deficiency affects progression of these disorders.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2802032-7
ISSN	2054-7072
ISSN	2054-7072
DOI	10.1186/s40734-020-00085-8
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Article ; Online: Ethics "Upfront": Generating an Organizational Framework for a New University of Technology.

Engel-Hills, Penelope / Winberg, Christine / Rip, Arie

Science and engineering ethics

2019 Volume 25, Issue 6, Page(s) 1705–1720

Abstract: A powerful set of projections has constructed post-apartheid higher education in South Africa. Among these is the expectation that technikons (institutions similar to the British polytechnics) would become universities of technology, with a mission to ... ...

Abstract	A powerful set of projections has constructed post-apartheid higher education in South Africa. Among these is the expectation that technikons (institutions similar to the British polytechnics) would become universities of technology, with a mission to drive the technology of national reconstruction and development. In this paper, one of the new universities of technology serves as a case study to explore organizational structure and to highlight the ethics of university management and leadership. Building a new university provides the opportunity to place ethics "upfront", rather than as an afterthought, by constructing an organizational framework that makes ethical issues integral to management and decision-making processes. In imagining the structure of a university of technology, the authors were inspired by future scripting methods developed by Bastiaan De Laat, and by Duncan Den Boer, Arie Rip and Sandra Speller. The research process firstly involved the identification of themes related to values and ethics through an analysis of the environment. These themes were incorporated into three scenarios of possible futures for this new university type. Using these scenarios, the ethical issues that emerged (according to how the university of technology might choose to organise itself), are compared with the original themes. Conclusions are then drawn with regard to management structures that are hierarchical and entrench compliance, or that are traditionally collegiate and expertise-based, or that might enable mutual appreciation and allow for leaders to emerge within any functional space at a university of technology.
MeSH term(s)	Ethics ; Humans ; Leadership ; Organizations/ethics ; South Africa ; Technology/ethics ; Universities/ethics
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2136491-6
ISSN	1471-5546 ; 1353-3452
ISSN (online)	1471-5546
ISSN	1353-3452
DOI	10.1007/s11948-019-00140-0
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Article ; Online: Correction: Infant body composition at 6 and 24 months: what are the driving factors?

Santos, Ina S / Costa, Caroline S / Hills, Andrew P / Ariff, Shabina / Wickramasinghe, V Pujitha / Norris, Shane / Murphy-Alford, Alexia J / Slater, Christine / Lucas, Nishani / Nyati, Lukhanyo H / Kurpad, Anura V / Ahuja, Kiran D K / Kuriyan, Rebecca

European journal of clinical nutrition

2023

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	639358-5
ISSN	1476-5640 ; 0954-3007
ISSN (online)	1476-5640
ISSN	0954-3007
DOI	10.1038/s41430-023-01346-z
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Article ; Online: Honey Supplementation and Exercise: A Systematic Review.

Hills, Samuel P / Mitchell, Peter / Wells, Christine / Russell, Mark

Nutrients

2019 Volume 11, Issue 7

Abstract: Honey is a natural substance formed primarily of carbohydrates (~80%) which also contains a number of other compounds purported to confer health benefits when consumed. Due to its carbohydrate composition (low glycaemic index, mostly fructose and glucose) ...

Abstract	Honey is a natural substance formed primarily of carbohydrates (~80%) which also contains a number of other compounds purported to confer health benefits when consumed. Due to its carbohydrate composition (low glycaemic index, mostly fructose and glucose), honey may theoretically exert positive effects when consumed before, during or after exercise. This review therefore appraised research examining the effects of honey consumption in combination with exercise in humans. Online database (PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus) searches were performed, yielding 273 results. Following duplicate removal and application of exclusion criteria, nine articles were reviewed. Large methodological differences existed in terms of exercise stimulus, population, and the nutritional interventions examined. All nine studies reported biochemical variables, with four examining the effects of honey on exercise performance, whilst five described perceptual responses. Acute supplementation around a single exercise session appeared to elicit similar performance, perceptual, and immunological responses compared with other carbohydrate sources, although some performance benefit has been observed relative to carbohydrate-free comparators. When consumed over a number of weeks, honey may dampen immunological perturbations arising from exercise and possibly improve markers of bone formation. More well-controlled research is required to better understand the role for honey in a food-first approach to exercise nutrition.
MeSH term(s)	Dietary Supplements ; Exercise ; Honey ; Humans ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu11071586
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Article ; Online: Homozygous deletion of the DSG3 terminal exon associated with acantholytic blistering of the oral and laryngeal mucosa.

Jiang, Nan / Sewell, Taylor B / Kowalski, Theresa L / Rekab, Aisha / Hills, Susannah / Fazlollahi, Ladan / Lauren, Christine T / Morel, Kimberly / Mehta, Lakshmi / Liao, Jun

American journal of medical genetics. Part A

2023 Volume 194, Issue 2, Page(s) 389–393

Abstract: We report a novel homozygous 49.6 kb deletion of chromosome 18q12.1 involving the last exon of DSG3 in dizygotic twins with phenotype consistent with acantholytic blistering of the oral and laryngeal mucosa (ABOLM). The twin siblings presented ... ...

Abstract	We report a novel homozygous 49.6 kb deletion of chromosome 18q12.1 involving the last exon of DSG3 in dizygotic twins with phenotype consistent with acantholytic blistering of the oral and laryngeal mucosa (ABOLM). The twin siblings presented predominantly with friability of the laryngeal and respiratory mucosa. This is only the second report in the literature of this unusual autosomal recessive blistering disorder. The diagnosis explains the mucosal phenotype of a pemphigus-like disorder without evidence of autoimmune dysfunction. The exclusion of an autoimmune basis has management implications. The deletion also involved the DSG2 gene, which is associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD). The affected siblings and heterozygous parents do not show any cardiac phenotype at this time. Functional studies would further clarify how deletions resulting in loss of function of DSG3 may cause the reported phenotypes of DSG3-related ABOLM.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Laryngeal Mucosa ; Homozygote ; Desmoglein 3/genetics ; Sequence Deletion/genetics ; Exons/genetics
Chemical Substances	Desmoglein 3 ; DSG3 protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2108614-X
ISSN	1552-4833 ; 0148-7299 ; 1552-4825
ISSN (online)	1552-4833
ISSN	0148-7299 ; 1552-4825
DOI	10.1002/ajmg.a.63447
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Article ; Online: Infant body composition at 6 and 24 months: what are the driving factors?

European journal of clinical nutrition

2023

Abstract: Background/objective: Available evidence on infant body composition is limited. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with body composition at 6 and 24 months.: Subjects/methods: Multicenter study with data from a 0 to 6-mo cohort ( ... ...

Abstract	Background/objective: Available evidence on infant body composition is limited. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with body composition at 6 and 24 months. Subjects/methods: Multicenter study with data from a 0 to 6-mo cohort (Australia, India and South Africa) and a 3 to 24-mo cohort (Brazil, Pakistan, South Africa, and Sri Lanka). For the 0-6-mo cohort, body composition was assessed by air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) and for the 3-24-month cohort by the deuterium dilution (DD) technique. Fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), FM index (FMI), and FFM index (FFMI) were calculated. Independent variables comprised the Gini index of the country, maternal and infant characteristics, and breastfeeding pattern at 3 months. For the 3-24-mo cohort, breastfeeding, and minimum dietary diversity (MDD) at 12 months were also included. Crude and adjusted analyses stratified by sex were conducted by multilevel modelling using mixed models. Results: At 6 months, every 1 kg increase in birth weight was associated with an increase of 0.716 kg in FFM and 0.582 kg/m Conclusion: Birth weight and breastfeeding are independent predictors of body composition in early life, irrespective of sex.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639358-5
ISSN	1476-5640 ; 0954-3007
ISSN (online)	1476-5640
ISSN	0954-3007
DOI	10.1038/s41430-023-01321-8
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Article ; Online: Biologic Therapy Is Not Associated with Increased COVID-19 Severity in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Updated Findings from the Global Hidradenitis Suppurativa COVID-19 Registry.

Williams, Jazzmin C / Alhusayen, Raed / Guilbault, Sandra / Hills, Nancy K / Ingram, John R / Kudlinski, Margaret V / Lowes, Michelle A / Marzano, Angelo V / Paul, Maia / Villumsen, Bente / Yannuzzi, Christine A / Naik, Haley B

Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 239, Issue 2, Page(s) 283–286

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hidradenitis Suppurativa/complications ; Hidradenitis Suppurativa/drug therapy ; COVID-19 ; Registries ; Severity of Illness Index ; Biological Therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1099692-8
ISSN	1421-9832 ; 1018-8665
ISSN (online)	1421-9832
ISSN	1018-8665
DOI	10.1159/000527401
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Article: Honey Supplementation and Exercise: A Systematic Review

Hills, Samuel P / Mitchell, Peter / Wells, Christine / Russell, Mark

Nutrients. 2019 July 12, v. 11, no. 7

2019

Abstract	Honey is a natural substance formed primarily of carbohydrates (~80%) which also contains a number of other compounds purported to confer health benefits when consumed. Due to its carbohydrate composition (low glycaemic index, mostly fructose and glucose), honey may theoretically exert positive effects when consumed before, during or after exercise. This review therefore appraised research examining the effects of honey consumption in combination with exercise in humans. Online database (PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus) searches were performed, yielding 273 results. Following duplicate removal and application of exclusion criteria, nine articles were reviewed. Large methodological differences existed in terms of exercise stimulus, population, and the nutritional interventions examined. All nine studies reported biochemical variables, with four examining the effects of honey on exercise performance, whilst five described perceptual responses. Acute supplementation around a single exercise session appeared to elicit similar performance, perceptual, and immunological responses compared with other carbohydrate sources, although some performance benefit has been observed relative to carbohydrate-free comparators. When consumed over a number of weeks, honey may dampen immunological perturbations arising from exercise and possibly improve markers of bone formation. More well-controlled research is required to better understand the role for honey in a food-first approach to exercise nutrition.
Keywords	athletic performance ; bone formation ; carbohydrate composition ; databases ; exercise ; fructose ; glucose ; glycemic index ; honey ; humans ; immune response ; nutrition ; nutritional intervention ; systematic review
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0712
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu11071586
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Transforming Atrial Fibrillation Research to Integrate Social Determinants of Health: A National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop Report.

JAMA cardiology

2024 Volume 8, Issue 2, Page(s) 182–191

Abstract: Importance: Only modest attention has been paid to the contributions of social determinants of health to atrial fibrillation (AF) risk factors, diagnosis, symptoms, management, and outcomes. The diagnosis of AF provides unique challenges exacerbated by ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Only modest attention has been paid to the contributions of social determinants of health to atrial fibrillation (AF) risk factors, diagnosis, symptoms, management, and outcomes. The diagnosis of AF provides unique challenges exacerbated by the arrhythmia's often paroxysmal nature and individuals' disparate access to health care and technologies that facilitate detection. Social determinants of health affect access to care and management decisions for AF, increasing the likelihood of adverse outcomes among individuals who experience systemic disadvantages. Developing effective approaches to address modifiable social determinants of health requires research to eliminate the substantive inequities in health care delivery and outcomes in AF. Observations: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened an expert panel to identify major knowledge gaps and research opportunities in the field of social determinants of AF. The workshop addressed the following social determinants: (1) socioeconomic status and access to care; (2) health literacy; (3) race, ethnicity, and racism; (4) sex and gender; (5) shared decision-making in systemically disadvantaged populations; and (6) place, including rurality, neighborhood, and community. Many individuals with AF have multiple adverse social determinants, which may cluster in the individual and in systemically disadvantaged places (eg, rural locations, urban neighborhoods). Cumulative disadvantages may accumulate over the life course and contribute to inequities in the diagnosis, management, and outcomes in AF. Conclusions and relevance: Workshop participants identified multiple critical research questions and approaches to catalyze social determinants of health research that address the distinctive aspects of AF. The long-term aspiration of this work is to eradicate the substantive inequities in AF diagnosis, management, and outcomes across populations.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Female ; United States/epidemiology ; Humans ; Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis ; Atrial Fibrillation/epidemiology ; Atrial Fibrillation/therapy ; Social Determinants of Health ; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.) ; Social Class ; Ethnicity
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	2380-6591
ISSN (online)	2380-6591
DOI	10.1001/jamacardio.2022.4091
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Article ; Online: Body composition from birth to 2 years.

Hills, Andrew P / Norris, Shane A / Byrne, Nuala M / Jayasinghe, Sisitha / Murphy-Alford, Alexia J / Loechl, Cornelia U / Ismail, Leila I Cheikh / Kurpad, Anura V / Kuriyan, Rebecca / Nyati, Lukhanyo H / Santos, Ina S / Costa, Caroline S / Wickramasinghe, V Pujitha / Lucas, M Nishani / Slater, Christine / Yameen, Ayesha / Ariff, Shabina

European journal of clinical nutrition

2023

Abstract: Providing all infants with the best start to life is a universal but challenging goal for the global community. Historically, the size and shape of infants, quantified by anthropometry and commencing with birthweight, has been the common yardstick for ... ...

Abstract	Providing all infants with the best start to life is a universal but challenging goal for the global community. Historically, the size and shape of infants, quantified by anthropometry and commencing with birthweight, has been the common yardstick for physical growth and development. Anthropometry has long been considered a proxy for nutritional status during infancy when, under ideal circumstances, changes in size and shape are most rapid. Developed from data collected in the Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS), WHO Child Growth Standards for healthy infants and children have been widely accepted and progressively adopted. In contrast, and somewhat surprisingly, much less is understood about the 'quality' of growth as reflected by body composition during infancy. Recent advances in body composition assessment, including the more widespread use of air displacement plethysmography (ADP) across the first months of life, have contributed to a progressive increase in our knowledge and understanding of growth and development. Along with stable isotope approaches, most commonly the deuterium dilution (DD) technique, the criterion measure of total body water (TBW), our ability to quantify lean and fat tissue using a two-compartment model, has been greatly enhanced. However, until now, global reference charts for the body composition of healthy infants have been lacking. This paper details some of the historical challenges associated with the assessment of body composition across the first two years of life, and references the logical next steps in growth assessments, including reference charts.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	639358-5
ISSN	1476-5640 ; 0954-3007
ISSN (online)	1476-5640
ISSN	0954-3007
DOI	10.1038/s41430-023-01322-7
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