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  1. Article ; Online: Reproducing the scalp microbiota community: co-colonization of a 3D reconstructed human epidermis with C. acnes and M. restricta.

    Meloni, Marisa / Balzaretti, Silvia / Collard, Nathalie / Desaint, Stephane / Laperdrix, Celine

    International journal of cosmetic science

    2021  Volume 43, Issue 2, Page(s) 235–245

    Abstract: ... of the physiological barrier integrity and viability, though it shows aggregates. M. restricta formed large aggregates ... in barrier depletion, but the overall damage was less severe, respecting the single colonization with M ...

    Abstract Objective: A 3D reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model colonized with specific microbial strains was developed to model the complex interactions between strains of the human scalp hair.
    Methods: Reconstructed human epidermis was colonized with Cutibacterium acnes and Malassezia restricta for 72 h. The epidermal model was characterized in terms of morphology, using immune-labelling targeting biomarkers for barrier structure, proliferation, differentiation and anti-microbial defence. The barrier function was assessed by transepithelial electrical eesistance (TEER) measurements. In order to study the microorganisms on the epidermal model, viable counts and phenotype ultrastructure analysis were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
    Results: The RHE colonized with C. acnes did not lead to severe modifications of the physiological barrier integrity and viability, though it shows aggregates. M. restricta formed large aggregates by a close interaction with the RHE, thus causing both a strong decrease in barrier function and structure degradation and an increased human beta defensin 2 (HBD2) expression. The co-colonized model resulted in barrier depletion, but the overall damage was less severe, respecting the single colonization with M. restricta. The developed 'scalp model' allowed to identify morphological modifications leading to uncontrolled epidermal renewal.
    Conclusion: This study shows a pre-clinical model that recapitulates the interactions that can occur between site-specific microbial strains and keratinocytes in dandruff condition. The model can be applied to assess ingredients and products' mechanism of action.
    MeSH term(s) Malassezia/isolation & purification ; Microbiota ; Propionibacteriaceae/isolation & purification ; Scalp/microbiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 198917-0
    ISSN 1468-2494 ; 0142-5463
    ISSN (online) 1468-2494
    ISSN 0142-5463
    DOI 10.1111/ics.12688
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Rapid in vitro detection of CTX-M groups 1, 2, 8, 9 resistance genes by LAMP assays.

    Rivoarilala, Odile Lalainasoa / Garin, Benoît / Andriamahery, Felamboahangy / Collard, Jean Marc

    PloS one

    2018  Volume 13, Issue 7, Page(s) e0200421

    Abstract: Background: The prevalence of bacteria producing CTX-M Extended-Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) has ... sensitive detection of the four most common CTX-M groups, namely CTX-M groups 1, 2, 8 and 9.: Methods ... LAMP primers targeting the four ESBLs CTX-M groups were designed using the Primer Explorer V4 software ...

    Abstract Background: The prevalence of bacteria producing CTX-M Extended-Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) has increased around the world and some of them became a major cause of infections such as bloodstream or urinary tract infections (UTI). We developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for a simple, rapid and sensitive detection of the four most common CTX-M groups, namely CTX-M groups 1, 2, 8 and 9.
    Methods: LAMP primers targeting the four ESBLs CTX-M groups were designed using the Primer Explorer V4 software. The detection limit of the method was tested by serial dilution of reference DNAs. The primer specificity of the LAMP reaction was tested on DNA extracted from six strains producing various group of CTX-M and validated using DNA extracted from CTX-M-resistant clinical isolates (isolated from pus, urine, or blood). Results were compared with those of conventional PCR.
    Results: We were able to detect down to 0.1 pg/ul of DNA using the newly developed LAMP assays whereas the minimal amount detectable for conventional PCR was 50 to 100pg/ul, indicating that the LAMP assay was found to have a detection limit at least 500 to 1000 times lower than the PCR. Additionally, representative genes from the CTX-M groups 1, 2, 8 and 9 were amplified using the designed assay and no cross amplification was observed between the four CTX-M groups, demonstrating the specificity of the LAMP assay. Of the 37 clinical strains tested, the four LAMP assays showed 100% sensitivity and 87%, 97%, 100%, 100% specificity for the CTX-M groups 1, 2, 8 and 9 respectively.
    Conclusion: Being sensitive, specific, rapid and standard methods, the LAMP assays developed in this study have a potential to be beneficial tools in molecular epidemiology and surveillance studies of the four prevalent EBSLs CTX-M groups even in low cost laboratory.
    MeSH term(s) Bacterial Proteins/analysis ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Enterobacteriaceae Infections/diagnosis ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; Salmonella ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Time Factors ; beta-Lactamases/analysis ; beta-Lactamases/genetics
    Chemical Substances Bacterial Proteins ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Validation Studies
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0200421
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Hate in the time of the Covid-19 pandemic: dehumanisation as a side effect;

    Collard, Melanie

    Crime, law, and social change

    2023  , Page(s) 1–19

    Abstract: This article is about denouncing the dehumanisation process that took place in the time of Covid-19. It recognises that governments have a vital role to play in setting national directions to tackle racist violence and that the value of having hate crime ...

    Abstract This article is about denouncing the dehumanisation process that took place in the time of Covid-19. It recognises that governments have a vital role to play in setting national directions to tackle racist violence and that the value of having hate crime laws should not be underestimated. However, it argues that a broader approach is needed to embark upon a
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2015096-9
    ISSN 1573-0751 ; 0925-4994
    ISSN (online) 1573-0751
    ISSN 0925-4994
    DOI 10.1007/s10611-022-10073-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Contributions of anesthesiology to the surgical treatment of cerebrovascular disease: the role of Arthur S. Keats, M.D.

    Collard, Charles D / Anton, James M / Cooper, John R / Giesecke, N Martin

    Anesthesiology

    2008  Volume 108, Issue 4, Page(s) 756–758

    Abstract: Increased tolerance to cerebral ischemia produced by general anesthesia during temporary carotid occlusion. By B. A. Wells, A. S. Keats, and D. A. Cooley. Surgery 1963; 54:216-23. Local anesthesia with little or no preoperative sedation is currently ... ...

    Abstract Increased tolerance to cerebral ischemia produced by general anesthesia during temporary carotid occlusion. By B. A. Wells, A. S. Keats, and D. A. Cooley. Surgery 1963; 54:216-23. Local anesthesia with little or no preoperative sedation is currently recommended as the anesthetic of choice for temporary carotid occlusion during carotid endarterectomy. Purported advantages include minimal circulatory and respiratory changes from the local anesthetic, and constant verbal contact can be maintained with the patient so that neurologic changes are promptly recognized. However, local anesthesia may not be satisfactory in uncooperative or semiconscious patients. We therefore undertook a trial of general anesthesia in 56 consecutive patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Patients were induced in standardized fashion using intravenous thiopental (100-400 mg), atropine (0.2 mg), and succinylcholine (40-80 mg). Cyclopropane, along with deliberate hypercapnia and hypertension, was used for anesthesia maintenance. All patients tolerated carotid occlusion for periods of up to 30 min during general anesthesia without shunt, bypass, or hypothermia. Except for one patient, electroencephalogram evidence of cerebral ischemia was not apparent during occlusion, and no patient suffered postoperative neurologic sequela. Twenty percent of patients who had their carotid arteries occluded preoperatively for 30-60 s without general anesthesia suffered convulsions. These data suggest that general anesthesia increased the tolerance to cerebral ischemia. Potential mechanisms involved might include: 1) decreased cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen; 2) increased cerebral blood flow from hypercapnia; 3) increased arterial oxygen tension; and 4) recruitment of new routes of collateral circulation.
    MeSH term(s) Anesthesiology/history ; Anesthesiology/methods ; Animals ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/history ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/surgery ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 269-0
    ISSN 1528-1175 ; 0003-3022
    ISSN (online) 1528-1175
    ISSN 0003-3022
    DOI 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181672648
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Detection and characterization of tet(M) in tetracycline-resistant Listeria strains from human and food-processing origins in Belgium and France.

    Bertrand, Sophie / Huys, Geert / Yde, Marc / D'Haene, Klaas / Tardy, Florence / Vrints, Martine / Swings, Jean / Collard, Jean-Marc

    Journal of medical microbiology

    2005  Volume 54, Issue Pt 12, Page(s) 1151–1156

    Abstract: ... to tetracycline (TC) due to the presence of the tet(M) gene. Through sequence analysis, it was shown that tet(M ... chromosomally encoded tet(M) genes previously found in Staphylococcus aureus and in lactobacilli. The tet(M ... of conjugative transposons and were closely related to SHG III, which harbours enterococcal tet(M) genes ...

    Abstract In the present study, three Listeria monocytogenes strains and one Listeria innocua strain out of a collection of 241 Listeria isolates from human and food-processing sources were found to display resistance to tetracycline (TC) due to the presence of the tet(M) gene. Through sequence analysis, it was shown that tet(M) genes in two of the isolates belong to sequence homology group (SHG) II, a group comprising chromosomally encoded tet(M) genes previously found in Staphylococcus aureus and in lactobacilli. The tet(M) genes of the two other L. monocytogenes strains were associated with a member of the Tn916-Tn1545 family of conjugative transposons and were closely related to SHG III, which harbours enterococcal tet(M) genes associated with Tn916. One of these transposon-containing strains was able to transfer the tet(M) gene to Enterococcus faecalis recipient strain JH2-2. Collectively, these sequence and conjugation data indicate that the acquisition of tet(M) by Listeria strains may be triggered by successive transfers between other Gram-positive organisms.
    MeSH term(s) Base Sequence ; Belgium ; DNA Primers ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification ; Food Microbiology ; France ; Humans ; Listeria/classification ; Listeria/drug effects ; Listeria/genetics ; Listeria/isolation & purification ; Listeriosis/epidemiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tetracycline/pharmacology ; Tetracycline Resistance/genetics
    Chemical Substances DNA Primers ; DNA, Bacterial ; Tetracycline (F8VB5M810T)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-11-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 218356-0
    ISSN 1473-5644 ; 0022-2615
    ISSN (online) 1473-5644
    ISSN 0022-2615
    DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.46142-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Clonal emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (CTX-M-2)-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow isolates with reduced susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin among poultry and humans in Belgium and France (2000 to 2003).

    Bertrand, Sophie / Weill, François-Xavier / Cloeckaert, Axel / Vrints, Martine / Mairiaux, Eric / Praud, Karine / Dierick, Katlijne / Wildemauve, Christa / Godard, Claudine / Butaye, Patrick / Imberechts, Hein / Grimont, Patrick A D / Collard, Jean-Marc

    Journal of clinical microbiology

    2006  Volume 44, Issue 8, Page(s) 2897–2903

    Abstract: ... found to produce an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, CTX-M-2, concomitantly with a TEM-1 beta-lactamase ... The bla(CTX-M-2) gene was located on a large conjugative plasmid (>100 kb ... susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MICs of between 0.5 and 1 mug/ml). CTX-M-2-producing Salmonella with a reduced ...

    Abstract Antibiotic treatment is not required in cases of Salmonella enterica gastroenteritis but is essential in cases of enteric fever or invasive salmonellosis or in immunocompromised patients. Although fluoroquinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins are the drugs of choice to treat invasive Salmonella, resistance to these antibiotics is increasing worldwide. During the period 2000 to 2003, 90 Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow poultry and poultry product isolates and 11 serovar Virchow human isolates were found to produce an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, CTX-M-2, concomitantly with a TEM-1 beta-lactamase. The bla(CTX-M-2) gene was located on a large conjugative plasmid (>100 kb). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicated a clonal relationship between the poultry and human isolates. All these isolates displayed additional resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline as well as a reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MICs of between 0.5 and 1 mug/ml). CTX-M-2-producing Salmonella with a reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones constitutes a major concern, since such strains could disseminate on a large scale and jeopardize classical antibiotic therapy in immunocompromised patients.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins/analysis ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Belgium ; Chromosomes, Bacterial/genetics ; Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology ; Cluster Analysis ; DNA Fingerprinting ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; France ; Genome, Bacterial/genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Meat Products/microbiology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Plasmids ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Poultry ; Poultry Diseases/microbiology ; Salmonella Infections/microbiology ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology ; Salmonella enterica/classification ; Salmonella enterica/drug effects ; Salmonella enterica/enzymology ; Salmonella enterica/isolation & purification ; beta-Lactamases/biosynthesis ; beta-Lactamases/genetics
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Proteins ; DNA, Bacterial ; Ciprofloxacin (5E8K9I0O4U) ; beta-lactamase CTX-2 (EC 3.5.2.-) ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 390499-4
    ISSN 1098-660X ; 0095-1137
    ISSN (online) 1098-660X
    ISSN 0095-1137
    DOI 10.1128/JCM.02549-05
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Apport de l'I.R.M. au diagnostic topographique des troubles oculomoteurs dans la sclérose en plaques.

    Rumbach, L / Eber, A M / Dietemann, J L / Bataillard, M / Tranchant, C / Warter, J M / Collard, M

    Revue neurologique

    1990  Volume 146, Issue 1, Page(s) 30–35

    Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 20 patients with multiple sclerosis and abnormal electro-oculographic examination. All but 2 patients showed MRI abnormalities in the infratentorial region: hypersignal on T2-weighted sequences and/or ... ...

    Title translation Contribution of MRI to the topography of oculomotor disorders in multiple sclerosis.
    Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 20 patients with multiple sclerosis and abnormal electro-oculographic examination. All but 2 patients showed MRI abnormalities in the infratentorial region: hypersignal on T2-weighted sequences and/or images of atrophy. Usually, each patient had multiple abnormalities, which could prevent anatomico-oculographic correlations. With oculomotor disorders of cerebellar origin, correlations between clinical findings and MRI images were satisfactory, but with disorders due to brainstem lesions correlations were not so good, as shown by the results in 9 patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Brain/pathology ; Electrooculography ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Sclerosis/complications ; Ocular Motility Disorders/diagnosis ; Ocular Motility Disorders/etiology ; Retrospective Studies
    Language French
    Publishing date 1990
    Publishing country France
    Document type English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 4593-7
    ISSN 2213-0004 ; 0035-3787
    ISSN (online) 2213-0004
    ISSN 0035-3787
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Power, intersectionality and stigma: Informing a gender- and spatially-sensitive public health approach to women and gambling in Great Britain.

    Fannin, Maria / Collard, Sharon / Davies, Sara

    Health & place

    2024  Volume 86, Page(s) 103186

    Abstract: In Britain more men participate in gambling than women, although the gender gap is narrowing; and online gambling is increasing among women and men. Gambling practices differ between men and women but also between different groups of women, with evidence ...

    Abstract In Britain more men participate in gambling than women, although the gender gap is narrowing; and online gambling is increasing among women and men. Gambling practices differ between men and women but also between different groups of women, with evidence that younger women are diversifying to gamble in different ways from older women. Complex and powerful spatial, socio-cultural and economic forces shape women's experiences of gambling, the problems gambling may cause, and wider societal efforts to minimise these harms. This paper presents the findings of a Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) of research on women and gambling and conceptual reflections on these findings to argue for greater attention to the gendered and spatial dimensions of gambling in three ways. First, we discuss the geographical focus and scope of the research we reviewed on women and gambling; second, we analyse the changing geographies of where women gamble; and finally, we consider how qualitative notions of space as experiential and co-constitutive can offer a more nuanced conceptual framework for understanding women's lived experience of gambling and gambling harm. We identify areas for further research on gambling and gambling harm that attends to gendered and spatial dimensions of gambling, including online spaces; the intersectional dynamics that shape gambling practice and gambling harms; and the experiences of those affected by others' gambling.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Public Health ; Gambling ; United Kingdom ; Intersectional Framework ; Social Stigma
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1262540-1
    ISSN 1873-2054 ; 1353-8292
    ISSN (online) 1873-2054
    ISSN 1353-8292
    DOI 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103186
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Mental training is crucial to preparedness for athletes, special forces, musicians… and surgeons.

    Collard, M K / Honoré, C

    Journal of visceral surgery

    2022  Volume 159, Issue 2, Page(s) 87–88

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Surgeons ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-14
    Publishing country France
    Document type Editorial
    ISSN 1878-7886
    ISSN (online) 1878-7886
    DOI 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2022.03.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: An assessment of the impact of cross-cultural variation in plant macronutrients on the recommendations of the Paleo Diet.

    Ruffett, Amalea / Collard, Mark

    The American journal of clinical nutrition

    2022  Volume 117, Issue 4, Page(s) 777–784

    Abstract: Background: One of the main recommendations of the Paleo Diet is that individuals replicate the whole-diet macronutrient ranges of hunter-gatherer diets. These are suggested to be 19%-35% protein, 22%-40% carbohydrate, and 28%-58% fat, by energy. ... ...

    Abstract Background: One of the main recommendations of the Paleo Diet is that individuals replicate the whole-diet macronutrient ranges of hunter-gatherer diets. These are suggested to be 19%-35% protein, 22%-40% carbohydrate, and 28%-58% fat, by energy. However, the plant food contribution to these ranges was estimated exclusively from Australian data, which is a potential problem.
    Objectives: We investigated whether estimates of the contribution of protein, carbohydrate, and fat to hunter-gatherer diets are impacted by using plant data from other regions of the world.
    Methods: The values that form the basis of the Paleo Diet' s recommended macronutrient ranges were generated with a set of equations. We combined these equations with published plant macronutrient data from a multi-region sample of 5 hunter-gatherer groups to generate new estimated macronutrient percentages and then statistically compared the old and new estimates. Subsequently, we collated plant macronutrient data for a sample of 10 hunter-gatherer groups from several regions and repeated the exercise.
    Results: The whole-diet macronutrient percentages we calculated are significantly different from those that underpin the Paleo Diet's recommendations. Additionally, the ranges derived from our whole-diet macronutrient percentages (14%-35% protein, 21%-55% carbohydrate, 12%-58% fat) are markedly wider than those recommended by the Paleo Diet.
    Conclusions: The estimated whole-diet macronutrient percentages that form the basis of the Paleo Diet's macronutrient recommendations are not robust. Using plant data from multiple regions leads to significantly different estimates. Additionally, the macronutrient ranges derived from our whole-diet macronutrient percentages overlap with those recommended by the US Department of Agriculture and the WHO. This undercuts one of the main justifications for adopting the Paleo Diet-namely that because it is vastly different from Western diets, it can reduce the probability of experiencing noncommunicable diseases. There may still be reasons for adopting the Paleo Diet rather than a conventional diet, but healthier macronutrient percentages is not one of them.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Diet, Paleolithic ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Australia ; Diet ; Nutrients ; Diet, Western ; Carbohydrates
    Chemical Substances Carbohydrates
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 280048-2
    ISSN 1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
    ISSN (online) 1938-3207
    ISSN 0002-9165
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.12.003
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