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  1. Article ; Online: Customized Citrate Anticoagulation versus No Anticoagulant in Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

    Ratanarat, Ranistha / Phairatwet, Piyarat / Khansompop, Suwimon / Naorungroj, Thummaporn

    Blood purification

    2023  Volume 52, Issue 5, Page(s) 455–463

    Abstract: Introduction: The use of anticoagulants during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is essential. Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) is recommended rather than systemic heparinization to prolong the filter's lifespan in patients at high risk ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The use of anticoagulants during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is essential. Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) is recommended rather than systemic heparinization to prolong the filter's lifespan in patients at high risk of bleeding. However, commercial citrate is expensive and may not be available in resource-limited areas. The objective of this study is comparing filter life between our locally made customized RCA and no anticoagulation. The primary outcomes were the first circuit life in hours and the number of filters used within the first 72 h of therapy.
    Methods: We conducted a single-center prospective randomized controlled trial in critically ill patients requiring CRRT. The participants were randomized to receive continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) with either customized RCA or no anticoagulant.
    Results: Of 76 patients, 38 were randomized to receive customized RCA and 38 to receive CVVH without anticoagulant. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups. Compared to anticoagulant-free group, the median circuit life of customized RCA group was significantly longer [44.9 (20.0, 72.0) vs. 14.3 (7.0, 22.0) hours; p < 0.001]. The number of filters used within 72 h was significant lower [2.0 (1.0, 2.0) vs. 2.5 (1.0, 3.0); p < 0.015]. RCA was prematurely discontinued in 5 patients due to citrate accumulation (2 cases) and severe metabolic acidosis requiring higher dose of CVVH (3 cases). No differences in bleeding complications were observed (p = 0.99).
    Conclusion: Customized citrate-based replacement solution improved filter survival in CVVH compared to anticoagulant-free strategy. This regimen is safe, feasible, and suitable for low- to middle-income countries.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Anticoagulants/adverse effects ; Citric Acid/therapeutic use ; Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Critical Illness/therapy ; Hemofiltration/adverse effects ; Citrates/adverse effects ; Acute Kidney Injury/etiology
    Chemical Substances Anticoagulants ; Citric Acid (2968PHW8QP) ; Citrates
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605548-5
    ISSN 1421-9735 ; 0253-5068
    ISSN (online) 1421-9735
    ISSN 0253-5068
    DOI 10.1159/000529076
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  2. Article: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure patients: outcomes and predictive factors.

    Tongyoo, Surat / Chanthawatthanarak, Sivit / Permpikul, Chairat / Ratanarat, Ranistha / Promsin, Panuwat / Kongsayreepong, Suneerat

    Journal of thoracic disease

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) 371–380

    Abstract: Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an important rescue therapy for patients with refractory respiratory or circulatory failure. High cost and associated complications warrant careful case selection. The aim of this study was to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an important rescue therapy for patients with refractory respiratory or circulatory failure. High cost and associated complications warrant careful case selection. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes and factors associated with mortality in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure patients who received ECMO support, and to externally validate preexisting ECMO survival prediction scoring systems.
    Methods: This retrospective study enrolled acute hypoxemic respiratory failure patients who received veno-venous (VV) or veno-arterial (VA) ECMO support at Siriraj Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand) from 2010 to 2020. All relevant baseline patient characteristics including ECMO survival prediction scores were recorded. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.
    Results: Of a total of 65 patients, 34 (52%) were male, the median (IQR) age was 61 years (49-70 years), the median body mass index (BMI) was 22.6 kg/m
    Conclusions: In-hospital mortality among ECMO-supported patients was high at 69%. SOFA score >14, hospitalized >72 hours, PaO
    Trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov (reg. No. NCT04031794).
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-10
    Publishing country China
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2573571-8
    ISSN 2077-6624 ; 2072-1439
    ISSN (online) 2077-6624
    ISSN 2072-1439
    DOI 10.21037/jtd-21-1460
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  3. Article ; Online: Critical Care Management of Patients with COVID-19: Early Experience in Thailand.

    Ratanarat, Ranistha / Sivakorn, Chaisith / Viarasilpa, Tanuwong / Schultz, Marcus J

    The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

    2020  Volume 103, Issue 1, Page(s) 48–54

    Abstract: Since late December 2019, the world has been challenged with an outbreak of COVID-19. In Thailand, an upper middle-income country with a limited healthcare infrastructure and restricted human resources, nearly 3,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases have been ... ...

    Abstract Since late December 2019, the world has been challenged with an outbreak of COVID-19. In Thailand, an upper middle-income country with a limited healthcare infrastructure and restricted human resources, nearly 3,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases have been reported as of early May 2020. Public health policies aimed at preventing new COVID-19 cases were very effective in halting the pandemic in Thailand. Case fatality in Thailand has been low (1.7%), at least in part due to early stratification according to risk of disease severity and timely initiation of supportive care with affordable measures. We present our initial experience with COVID-19 in Thailand, focusing on several aspects that may have played a crucial role in curtailment of the pandemic, and elements of care for severely ill COVID-19 patients, including stratification, isolation, and affordable diagnostic approaches and supportive care measures. We also discuss local considerations concerning some proposed experimental treatments.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Airway Management ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/therapy ; Critical Care/organization & administration ; Female ; Health Resources/supply & distribution ; Humans ; Immunomodulation ; Infection Control ; Intensive Care Units/organization & administration ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Patient Isolation ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Thailand/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2942-7
    ISSN 1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
    ISSN (online) 1476-1645
    ISSN 0002-9637
    DOI 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0442
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  4. Article: Characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients: A retrospective study in Thailand.

    Naorungroj, Thummaporn / Viarasilpa, Tanuwong / Tongyoo, Surat / Detkaew, Aeckapholpholladet / Pinpak, Thanchanok / Wimolwattanaphan, Rawish / Ratanarat, Ranistha / Promsin, Panuwat / Thamrongpiroj, Preecha / Phumpichet, Akekarin / Permpikul, Chairat

    Frontiers in medicine

    2023  Volume 9, Page(s) 1061955

    Abstract: Introduction: Data on the characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Thailand are limited.: Objective: To determine characteristics and outcomes and identify risk factors for hospital mortality ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Data on the characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Thailand are limited.
    Objective: To determine characteristics and outcomes and identify risk factors for hospital mortality for hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
    Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who had COVID-19 infection and were admitted to the cohort ward or ICUs at Siriraj Hospital between January 2020 and December 2021.
    Results: Of the 2,430 patients included in this study, 229 (9.4%) died; the mean age was 54 years, 40% were men, 81% had at least one comorbidity, and 13% required intensive care unit (ICU). Favipiravir (86%) was the main antiviral treatment. Corticosteroids and rescue anti-inflammatory therapy were used in 74 and 6%, respectively. Admission to the ICU was the only factor associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01-0.05,
    Conclusion: The overall mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was 9%. The only factor associated with reduced mortality was admission to the ICU. Therefore, appropriate selection of patients for admission to the ICU, strategies to limit disease progression and prevent intubation, and early detection and prompt treatment of nosocomial infection can improve survival in these patients.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2775999-4
    ISSN 2296-858X
    ISSN 2296-858X
    DOI 10.3389/fmed.2022.1061955
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  5. Article ; Online: Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation versus conventional mechanical ventilation to treat refractory hypoxemia in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective cohort study.

    Tongyoo, Surat / Permpikul, Chairat / Sucher, Siwalai / Thomrongpairoj, Preecha / Poompichet, Akekarin / Ratanarat, Ranistha / Chierakul, Nitipatana

    The Journal of international medical research

    2020  Volume 48, Issue 6, Page(s) 300060520935704

    Abstract: Objective: To compare the treatment outcome of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) versus mechanical ventilation in hypoxemic patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) at a referral center that started offering VV- ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To compare the treatment outcome of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) versus mechanical ventilation in hypoxemic patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) at a referral center that started offering VV-EMCO support in 2010.
    Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled adults with severe ARDS (PaO
    Results: Sixty-four patients (ECMO, n = 30; mechanical ventilation, n = 34) were recruited. There was no significant difference in the baseline PaO
    Conclusion: Although VV-ECMO promoted lower-TV ventilation, it did not improve the in-hospital mortality rate.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Humans ; Hypoxia/therapy ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Thailand
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 184023-x
    ISSN 1473-2300 ; 0300-0605 ; 0142-2596
    ISSN (online) 1473-2300
    ISSN 0300-0605 ; 0142-2596
    DOI 10.1177/0300060520935704
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  6. Article: Critical Care Management of Patients with COVID-19: Early Experience in Thailand

    Ratanarat, Ranistha / Sivakorn, Chaisith / Viarasilpa, Tanuwong / Schultz, Marcus J

    Am. j. trop. med. hyg

    Abstract: Since late December 2019, the world has been challenged with an outbreak of COVID-19. In Thailand, an upper middle-income country with a limited healthcare infrastructure and restricted human resources, nearly 3,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases have been ... ...

    Abstract Since late December 2019, the world has been challenged with an outbreak of COVID-19. In Thailand, an upper middle-income country with a limited healthcare infrastructure and restricted human resources, nearly 3,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases have been reported as of early May 2020. Public health policies aimed at preventing new COVID-19 cases were very effective in halting the pandemic in Thailand. Case fatality in Thailand has been low (1.7%), at least in part due to early stratification according to risk of disease severity and timely initiation of supportive care with affordable measures. We present our initial experience with COVID-19 in Thailand, focusing on several aspects that may have played a crucial role in curtailment of the pandemic, and elements of care for severely ill COVID-19 patients, including stratification, isolation, and affordable diagnostic approaches and supportive care measures. We also discuss local considerations concerning some proposed experimental treatments.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #32431287
    Database COVID19

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  7. Article ; Online ; Conference proceedings: Improving sixth year medical students' performance in knee arthrocentesis using a synthetic knee model.

    Chiowchanwisawakit, Praveena / Ratanarat, Ranistha / Srinonprasert, Varalak

    International journal of rheumatic diseases

    2015  Volume 18, Issue 7, Page(s) 742–750

    Abstract: Aim: A knee arthrocentesis (KA) workshop using synthetic knee model was arranged for all sixth-year medical students (MS) in our institute to ensure equity in receiving training. We evaluated confidence level and knowledge of KA and synovial fluid ... ...

    Abstract Aim: A knee arthrocentesis (KA) workshop using synthetic knee model was arranged for all sixth-year medical students (MS) in our institute to ensure equity in receiving training. We evaluated confidence level and knowledge of KA and synovial fluid analysis testing pre- and post-workshop for MS.
    Methods: The workshop was divided into two parts. The first part was to provide knowledge in arthrocentesis and synovial fluid interpretation and the second was a practice session on the synthetic model under supervision. This is a report of pre-and post-workshop self-evaluation about the confidence in performing KA (0-10 scales), improvement of knowledge in KA, and synovial fluid analysis earned from attending the workshop. Pearson χ(2) test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare categorical variables, where appropriate.
    Results: There were 247 MS attended and 228 (92.3%) evaluated the workshops. Ninety-six (42.1%) MS had experience in KA prior to this workshop. The mean (SD) levels of confidence in performing the procedure before and after the workshop were 3.6 (2.5) and 7.5 (1.7), respectively, P < 0.001. Improvement was shown regardless of previous exposure to KA. Knowledge of appropriate testing for synovial fluid was significantly improved in all items explored after the workshop and extended to the better scores earned from a competency examination.
    Conclusions: A hands-on structured workshop using a synthetic knee model for KA is a successful model for improving medical students' confidence in performing the procedure with evidence of sustaining knowledge in short-term follow-up.
    MeSH term(s) Arthrocentesis/education ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Clinical Competence ; Curriculum ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods ; Educational Measurement ; Educational Status ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Learning Curve ; Models, Anatomic ; Students, Medical ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Synovial Fluid/chemistry ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Teaching/methods ; Thailand ; Universities
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Congresses
    ZDB-ID 2426924-4
    ISSN 1756-185X ; 1756-1841
    ISSN (online) 1756-185X
    ISSN 1756-1841
    DOI 10.1111/1756-185X.12664
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    Zs.A 6098: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: High Mobility Group Box 1 and Interleukin 6 at Intensive Care Unit Admission as Biomarkers in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients.

    Sivakorn, Chaisith / Dechsanga, Jutamas / Jamjumrus, Lawan / Boonnak, Kobporn / Schultz, Marcus J / Dondorp, Arjen M / Phumratanaprapin, Weerapong / Ratanarat, Ranistha / Naorungroj, Thummaporn / Wattanawinitchai, Patchrapa / Siripoon, Tanaya / Duangdee, Chatnapa / Techarang, Tachpon

    The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

    2021  Volume 105, Issue 1, Page(s) 73–80

    Abstract: Exuberant inflammation manifesting as a "cytokine storm" has been suggested as a central feature in the pathogenesis of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study investigated two prognostic biomarkers, the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) ... ...

    Abstract Exuberant inflammation manifesting as a "cytokine storm" has been suggested as a central feature in the pathogenesis of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study investigated two prognostic biomarkers, the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in patients with severe COVID-19 at the time of admission in the intensive care unit (ICU). Of 60 ICU patients with COVID-19 enrolled and analyzed in this prospective cohort study, 48 patients (80%) were alive at ICU discharge. HMGB1 and IL-6 plasma levels at ICU admission were elevated compared with a healthy control, both in ICU nonsurvivors and ICU survivors. HMGB1 and IL-6 plasma levels were higher in patients with a higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (> 10), and the presence of septic shock or acute kidney injury. HMGB1 and IL-6 plasma levels were also higher in patients with a poor oxygenation status (PaO2/FiO2 < 150 mm Hg) and a longer duration of ventilation (> 7 days). Plasma HMGB1 and IL-6 levels at ICU admission also correlated with other prognostic markers, including the maximum neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer levels, and C-reactive protein levels. Plasma HMGB1 and IL-6 levels at ICU admission predicted ICU mortality with comparable accuracy to the SOFA score and the COVID-GRAM risk score. Higher HMGB1 and IL-6 were not independently associated with ICU mortality after adjustment for age, gender, and comorbidities in multivariate analysis models. In conclusion, plasma HMGB1 and IL6 at ICU admission may serve as prognostic biomarkers in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers/blood ; COVID-19/metabolism ; COVID-19/pathology ; Critical Illness ; Gene Expression Regulation/immunology ; HMGB1 Protein/genetics ; HMGB1 Protein/metabolism ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Interleukin-6/genetics ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; HMGB1 Protein ; HMGB1 protein, human ; IL6 protein, human ; Interleukin-6
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2942-7
    ISSN 1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
    ISSN (online) 1476-1645
    ISSN 0002-9637
    DOI 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0165
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  9. Article ; Online: Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of patients with COVID-19 at Thailand's university-based referral hospital.

    Sirijatuphat, Rujipas / Suputtamongkol, Yupin / Angkasekwinai, Nasikarn / Horthongkham, Navin / Chayakulkeeree, Methee / Rattanaumpawan, Pinyo / Koomanachai, Pornpan / Assanasen, Susan / Rongrungruang, Yong / Chierakul, Nitipatana / Ratanarat, Ranistha / Jitmuang, Anupop / Wangchinda, Walaiporn / Kantakamalakul, Wannee

    BMC infectious diseases

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 382

    Abstract: Background: The epidemiology and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Thailand are scarce.: Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adult hospitalized patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 at Siriraj Hospital during February 2020 to April ... ...

    Abstract Background: The epidemiology and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Thailand are scarce.
    Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adult hospitalized patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 at Siriraj Hospital during February 2020 to April 2020.
    Results: The prevalence of COVID-19 was 7.5% (107 COVID-19 patients) among 1409 patients who underwent RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection at our hospital during the outbreak period. Patients with COVID-19 presented with symptoms in 94.4%. Among the 104 patients who were treated with antiviral medications, 78 (75%) received 2-drug regimen (lopinavir/ritonavir or darunavir/ritonavir plus chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine), and 26 (25%) received a 3-drug regimen with favipiravir added to the 2-drug regimen. Disease progression was observed in 18 patients (16.8%). All patients with COVID-19 were discharged alive.
    Conclusions: The prevalence of COVID-19 was 7.5% among patients who underwent RT-PCR testing, and 10% among those having risk factors for COVID-19 acquisition. Combination antiviral therapies for COVID-19 patients were well-tolerated and produced a favorable outcome.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amides/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Chloroquine/therapeutic use ; Darunavir/therapeutic use ; Disease Progression ; Drug Combinations ; Female ; Hospitals ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use ; Lopinavir/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pyrazines/therapeutic use ; Referral and Consultation ; Retrospective Studies ; Ritonavir/therapeutic use ; Thailand/epidemiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Amides ; Antiviral Agents ; Drug Combinations ; Pyrazines ; lopinavir-ritonavir drug combination ; Lopinavir (2494G1JF75) ; Hydroxychloroquine (4QWG6N8QKH) ; Chloroquine (886U3H6UFF) ; favipiravir (EW5GL2X7E0) ; Ritonavir (O3J8G9O825) ; Darunavir (YO603Y8113)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1471-2334
    ISSN (online) 1471-2334
    DOI 10.1186/s12879-021-06081-z
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  10. Article: Clinical accuracy of RIFLE and Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria for predicting hospital mortality in critically ill patients with multi-organ dysfunction syndrome.

    Ratanarat, Ranistha / Skulratanasak, Peenida / Tangkawattanakul, Nattakarn / Hantaweepant, Chattree

    Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet

    2013  Volume 96 Suppl 2, Page(s) S224–31

    Abstract: Background: The Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) group developed RIFLE criteria and the Acute Kidney Injury Network published AKIN classification that modified form RIFLE criteria.: Objective: The authors aimed to compare the ability of RIFLE ...

    Abstract Background: The Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) group developed RIFLE criteria and the Acute Kidney Injury Network published AKIN classification that modified form RIFLE criteria.
    Objective: The authors aimed to compare the ability of RIFLE and AKIN criteria to measure the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and to predict clinical outcomes in critically illpatients.
    Material and method: A retrospective cohort study, in Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok. The critically ill patients admitted to medical intensive care unit (ICU) during January 2006-December 2008 were classified according to the maximum RIFLE and AKIN classification reached during their hospital stay Demographic data, hospital mortality, hospital length of stay, need of renal replacement therapy was collected.
    Results: Three hundred patients were included in this study, AKI occurred in 200 (66.7%) patients: Risk 12.7%, Injury 20.7%, Failure 33.3% defined by RIFLE criteria. According to AKIN criteria, AKI occurred 230 (76.7%) patients: stage 1 16%, stage 2 13.3% and stage 3 47.3%. AKIN classification was diagnosed AKI, approximately 10% more than RIFLE (p < 0.001). The hospital mortality was 51.7% and the mortality in patients with AKI was significantly higher than patients without AKI (p < 0.001). The predictive ability using the AUC-ROC showed poor discrimination for the prediction of mortality of both RIFLE and AKIN: 0.63 and 0.69, respectively. However, AKIN showed superior prediction of mortality than RIFLE (p = 0.003). The APACHE II had the best discriminative accuracy for mortality (AUC = 0.80), followed by the SAPS3 scores (AUC = 0.77) and SAPS2 (AUC = 0.76).
    Conclusion: AKIN criteria improved sensitivity for detection of AKI and its discrimination for prediction of in-hospital mortality was better than that of RIFLE criteria. However, APACHE II had the best discriminative value for prediction of mortality in the critically ill patients.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Kidney Injury/complications ; Acute Kidney Injury/mortality ; Adult ; Aged ; Cohort Studies ; Critical Illness/mortality ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Organ Failure/complications ; Multiple Organ Failure/mortality ; Prognosis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-02
    Publishing country Thailand
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 801630-6
    ISSN 0125-2208 ; 0025-7036
    ISSN 0125-2208 ; 0025-7036
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