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Book ; Online: Predatory Medicine

Saini, Shalini / Saxena, Nitesh

Exploring and Measuring the Vulnerability of Medical AI to Predatory Science

2022

Abstract: Medical Artificial Intelligence (MedAI) for diagnosis, treatment options, and drug development represents the new age of healthcare. The security, integrity, and credibility of MedAI tools are paramount issues because human lives are at stake. MedAI ... ...

Abstract	Medical Artificial Intelligence (MedAI) for diagnosis, treatment options, and drug development represents the new age of healthcare. The security, integrity, and credibility of MedAI tools are paramount issues because human lives are at stake. MedAI solutions are often heavily dependent on scientific medical research literature as a primary data source that draws the attacker's attention as a potential target. We present a first study of how the output of MedAI can be polluted with Predatory Publications Presence (PPP). We study two MedAI systems: mediKanren (disease independent) and CancerMine (Disease-specific), which use research literature as primary data input from the research repository PubMed, PubMed derived database SemMedDB, and NIH translational Knowledge Graphs (KGs). Our study has a three-pronged focus: (1) identifying the PPP in PubMed; (2) verifying the PPP in SemMedDB and the KGs; (3) demonstrating the existing vulnerability of PPP traversing to the MedAI output. Our contribution lies in identifying the existing PPP in the MedAI inputs and demonstrating how predatory science can jeopardize the credibility of MedAI solutions, making their real-life deployment questionable. Comment: Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning (CHIL) 2022 - Invited non-archival presentation
Keywords	Computer Science - Computers and Society ; I.2.1 ; J.3
Publishing date	2022-03-08
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of new haematology analyser, XN-31, for malaria detection in blood donors: A single-centre study from India.

Tiwari, Aseem Kumar / Goel, Shalini / Singh, Ganesh / Gahlot, Pawan Kumar / Saxena, Renu / Jadhav, Vaibhav / Sethi, Monisha

Vox sanguinis

2024

Abstract: Background and objectives: Malaria continues to be a significant public health concern in India, with several regions experiencing endemicity and sporadic outbreaks. The prevalence of malaria in blood donors, in India, varies between 0.02% and 0.07%. ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: Malaria continues to be a significant public health concern in India, with several regions experiencing endemicity and sporadic outbreaks. The prevalence of malaria in blood donors, in India, varies between 0.02% and 0.07%. Common techniques to screen for malaria, in blood donors and patients, include microscopic smear examination and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) based on antigen detection. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new fully automated analyser, XN-31, for malaria detection, as compared with current practice of using RDT. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional analytical study was conducted to evaluate clinical sensitivity and specificity of new automated analyser XN-31 among blood donors' samples and clinical samples (patients with suspicion of malaria) from outpatient clinic collected over between July 2021 and October 2022. No additional sample was drawn from blood donor or patient. All blood donors and patients' samples were processed by malaria rapid diagnostic test, thick-smear microscopy (MIC) and the haematology analyser XN-31. Any donor blood unit incriminated for malaria was discarded. Laboratory diagnosis using MIC was considered the 'gold standard' in the present study. Clinical sensitivity and specificity of XN-31 were compared with the gold standard. Results: Fife thousand and five donor samples and 82 diagnostic samples were evaluated. While the clinical sensitivity and specificity for donor samples were 100%, they were 96.3% and 100% for diagnostic samples. Conclusion: Automated haematology analysers represent a promising solution, as they can deliver speedy and sensitive donor malaria screening assessments. This method also has the potential to be used for pre-transfusion malaria screening along with haemoglobin estimation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80313-3
ISSN	1423-0410 ; 0042-9007
ISSN (online)	1423-0410
ISSN	0042-9007
DOI	10.1111/vox.13621
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Performance Evaluation of Ingenious Crow Search Optimization Algorithm for Protein Structure Prediction

Ahmad M. Alshamrani / Akash Saxena / Shalini Shekhawat / Hossam M. Zawbaa / Ali Wagdy Mohamed

Processes, Vol 11, Iss 1655, p

2023 Volume 1655

Abstract: Protein structure prediction is one of the important aspects while dealing with critical diseases. An early prediction of protein folding helps in clinical diagnosis. In recent years, applications of metaheuristic algorithms have been substantially ... ...

Abstract	Protein structure prediction is one of the important aspects while dealing with critical diseases. An early prediction of protein folding helps in clinical diagnosis. In recent years, applications of metaheuristic algorithms have been substantially increased due to the fact that this problem is computationally complex and time-consuming. Metaheuristics are proven to be an adequate tool for dealing with complex problems with higher computational efficiency than conventional tools. The work presented in this paper is the development and testing of the Ingenious Crow Search Algorithm (ICSA). First, the algorithm is tested on standard mathematical functions with known properties. Then, the application of newly developed ICSA is explored on protein structure prediction. The efficacy of this algorithm is tested on a bench of artificial proteins and real proteins of medium length. The comparative analysis of the optimization performance is carried out with some of the leading variants of the crow search algorithm (CSA). The statistical comparison of the results shows the supremacy of the ICSA for almost all protein sequences.
Keywords	protein structure ; prediction ; swarm intelligence ; crow search algorithm ; numerical optimization ; Chemical technology ; TP1-1185 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Development and applications of an intelligent crow search algorithm based on opposition based learning.

Shekhawat, Shalini / Saxena, Akash

ISA transactions

2019 Volume 99, Page(s) 210–230

Abstract: Metaheuristics are proven beneficial tools for solving complex, hard optimization problems. Recently, a plethora of work has been reported on bio inspired optimization algorithms. These algorithms are mimicry of behavior of animals, plants and processes ... ...

Abstract	Metaheuristics are proven beneficial tools for solving complex, hard optimization problems. Recently, a plethora of work has been reported on bio inspired optimization algorithms. These algorithms are mimicry of behavior of animals, plants and processes into mathematical paradigms. With these developments, a new entrant in this group is Crow Search Algorithm (CSA). CSA is based on the strategic behavior of crows while searching food, thievery and chasing behavior. This algorithm sometimes suffers with local minima stagnation and unbalance exploration and exploitation phases. To overcome this problem, a cosine function is proposed first, to accelerate the exploration and retard the exploitation process with due course of the iterative process. Secondly the opposition based learning concept is incorporated for enhancing the exploration virtue of CSA. The evolved variant with the inculcation of these two concepts is named as Intelligent Crow Search Algorithm (ICSA). The algorithm is benchmarked on two benchmark function sets, one is the set of 23 standard test functions and another is set of latest benchmark function CEC-2017. Further, the applicability of this variant is tested over structural design problem, frequency wave synthesis problem and Model Order Reduction (MOR). Results reveal that ICSA exhibits competitive performance on benchmarks and real applications when compared with some contemporary optimizers.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2012746-7
ISSN	1879-2022 ; 0019-0578
ISSN (online)	1879-2022
ISSN	0019-0578
DOI	10.1016/j.isatra.2019.09.004
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Smokeless tobacco use and public health nutrition: a global systematic review.

Saxena, Shikha / Singh, Prashant Kumar / Singh, Lucky / Kashyap, Shekhar / Singh, Shalini

Public health nutrition

2022 Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) 46–55

Abstract: Objective: Tobacco consumption among low- and middle-income countries where food insecurity remains a challenge poses several concerns. This review examines the available global evidence linking smokeless tobacco (SLT) use with public health nutrition ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Tobacco consumption among low- and middle-income countries where food insecurity remains a challenge poses several concerns. This review examines the available global evidence linking smokeless tobacco (SLT) use with public health nutrition and its implications. Design: Systematic review of articles extracted from PubMed and Scopus from January 2000 to December 2020. Setting: Included studies that demonstrated the relationship between SLT and nutrition-related factors, that is, BMI, malnutrition, anaemia, poor birth outcomes and metabolic disorders. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines have been followed to conduct the systematic evidence review. Participants: A total of thirty-four studies were finally used in the systematic review, which included cross-sectional (thirty-one) and cohort (three). Results: SLT use has a huge impact on body weight, alteration in taste, poor oral health, and consumption of fruits and vegetables leading to malnutrition. Maternal use of SLT not only leads to anaemia but also hampers birth outcomes. Increased risk of metabolic syndrome and gallstone disease among SLT users are also well documented in the studies. Conclusion: The review highlights the linkages between SLT usage and poor nutritional outcomes. Tobacco control efforts should be convergent with public health nutrition to achieve overall health benefits. Attention is also required to explore suitable mechanisms for SLT cessation combined with enhancing food and nutrition security at the community level in sync with investments in public health nutrition intervention.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Tobacco, Smokeless/adverse effects ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Public Health ; Tobacco Use/epidemiology ; Tobacco Use/adverse effects ; Malnutrition
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1436024-x
ISSN	1475-2727 ; 1368-9800
ISSN (online)	1475-2727
ISSN	1368-9800
DOI	10.1017/S1368980022001331
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Article ; Online: Sugeno fuzzy inference system modeling and DFT calculations for the treatment of pesticide-laden water by newly developed arginine functionalized magnetic Mn-based metal organic framework.

Solanki, Swati / Bisaria, Kavya / Iqbal, Hafiz M N / Saxena, Reena / Baxi, Shalini / Kothari, Anil Chandra / Singh, Rachana

Environmental science and pollution research international

2023 Volume 30, Issue 59, Page(s) 123126–123147

Abstract: The uncontrolled utilization of pesticides poses a significant risk to the environment and human health, making its management essential. In this regard, a new arginine functionalized magnetic Mn-based metal-organic framework (Arg@m-Mn-MOF) was ... ...

Abstract	The uncontrolled utilization of pesticides poses a significant risk to the environment and human health, making its management essential. In this regard, a new arginine functionalized magnetic Mn-based metal-organic framework (Arg@m-Mn-MOF) was fabricated and assessed for the removal of cypermethrin (CYP) and chlorpyrifos (CHL) from aqueous system. The Arg@m-Mn-MOF was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. Various parameters were optimized in a series of batch experiments and the following conditions were found optimal: pH: 4 and 5, contact time: 20 min, adsorbent dosage: 0.6 and 0.8 g L
MeSH term(s)	Adsorption ; Density Functional Theory ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetics ; Magnetic Phenomena ; Metal-Organic Frameworks/chemistry ; Pesticides ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
Chemical Substances	Metal-Organic Frameworks ; Pesticides ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-18
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-023-30944-4
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Homology modeling, docking and structure-based virtual screening for new inhibitor identification of

Panda, Saroj Kumar / Saxena, Shalini / Guruprasad, Lalitha

Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics

2019 Volume 38, Issue 7, Page(s) 1887–1902

Abstract: Klebsiella ... ...

Abstract	Klebsiella pneumoniae
MeSH term(s)	Glycosyltransferases ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Ligands ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Chemical Substances	Ligands ; Glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4.-) ; heptosyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	49157-3
ISSN	1538-0254 ; 0739-1102
ISSN (online)	1538-0254
ISSN	0739-1102
DOI	10.1080/07391102.2019.1624296
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Book ; Online: Mobile Mental Health Apps

Saini, Shalini / Panjwani, Dhiral / Saxena, Nitesh

Alternative Intervention or Intrusion?

2022

Abstract: Mental health is an extremely important subject, especially in these unprecedented times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ubiquitous mobile phones can equip users to supplement psychiatric treatment and manage their mental health. Mobile Mental Health (MMH) ... ...

Abstract	Mental health is an extremely important subject, especially in these unprecedented times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ubiquitous mobile phones can equip users to supplement psychiatric treatment and manage their mental health. Mobile Mental Health (MMH) apps emerge as an effective alternative to assist with a broad range of psychological disorders filling the much-needed patient-provider accessibility gap. However, it also raises significant concerns with sensitive information leakage.The absence of a transparent privacy policy and lack of user awareness may pose a significant threat to undermining the applicability of such tools. We conducted a multifold study of - 1) Privacy Policies (Manually and with Polisis, an automated framework to evaluate privacy policies); 2) App permissions; 3) Static Analysis for inherent security issues; 4) Dynamic Analysis for threat surface and vulnerabilities detection, and 5) Traffic Analysis. Our results indicate that apps' exploitable flaws, dangerous permissions, and insecure data handling pose a potential threat to the users' privacy and security. The Dynamic analysis identified 145 vulnerabilities in 20 top-rated MMH apps where attackers and malicious apps can access sensitive information. 45% of MMH apps use a unique identifier, Hardware Id, which can link a unique id to a particular user and probe users' mental health. Traffic analysis shows that sensitive mental health data can be leaked through insecure data transmission. MMH apps need better scrutiny and regulation for more widespread usage to meet the increasing need for mental health care without being intrusive to the already vulnerable population. Comment: 11 pages
Keywords	Computer Science - Computers and Society ; E.m ; I.m ; J.2
Subject code	005
Publishing date	2022-06-21
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Ambient Air Quality Classification by Grey Wolf Optimizer Based Support Vector Machine.

Saxena, Akash / Shekhawat, Shalini

Journal of environmental and public health

2017 Volume 2017, Page(s) 3131083

Abstract: With the development of society along with an escalating population, the concerns regarding public health have cropped up. The quality of air becomes primary concern regarding constant increase in the number of vehicles and industrial development. With ... ...

Abstract	With the development of society along with an escalating population, the concerns regarding public health have cropped up. The quality of air becomes primary concern regarding constant increase in the number of vehicles and industrial development. With this concern, several indices have been proposed to indicate the pollutant concentrations. In this paper, we present a mathematical framework to formulate a Cumulative Index (CI) on the basis of an individual concentration of four major pollutants (SO
Language	English
Publishing date	2017
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2526611-1
ISSN	1687-9813 ; 1687-9805
ISSN (online)	1687-9813
ISSN	1687-9805
DOI	10.1155/2017/3131083
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Article ; Online: Value of new advanced hematological parameters in early prediction of severity of COVID-19.

Jha, Bhawna / Goel, Shalini / Singh, Manish K / Sethi, Monisha / Deswal, Vikas / Kataria, Sushila / Mehta, Yatin / Saxena, Renu

International journal of laboratory hematology

2023 Volume 45, Issue 3, Page(s) 282–288

Abstract: Introduction: COVID-19 usually presents with upper respiratory tract infection in varying severity which can lead to sepsis. Early prediction of sepsis may reduce mortality by timely interventions. The intended purpose of this study was to determine ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: COVID-19 usually presents with upper respiratory tract infection in varying severity which can lead to sepsis. Early prediction of sepsis may reduce mortality by timely interventions. The intended purpose of this study was to determine whether the advanced parameters like the extended inflammation parameters (EIPs) can predict prognosis and early progression to sepsis as a sequel of COVID-19 infection and can be used as a screening profile. Also, to evaluate the Intensive Care Infection Score (ICIS) and the COVID-19 prognostic score and validate the scores for our population. Methods: Prospective observational study of 50 reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) proven admitted COVID-19 patients. The data assessed included complete blood counts (CBC) with EIP measurements, from Day 1 of admission to Day 10. The following groups were studied: noncritical (NC) and critical illness (CI) in COVID-19 positive cases, COVID negative sepsis and nonsepsis cases, and healthy volunteers for reference range. Results: The parameters that showed statistically significant higher mean in CI group compared to the NC group are reactive lymphocyte number and percentage (RE-LYMPH#, RE-LYMPH%), antibody synthesizing lymphocyte number and percentage (AS-LYMPH#, AS-LYMPH%), Reactive monocyte count and percentage (RE-MONO#, RE-MONO%/M), ICIS, COVID-19 prognostic score (p-value <0.05). The AUC confirmed the diagnostic accuracy of all these parameters. From the multivariate logistic regression, the significant risk factor was RE-LYMPH# with cut-off >0.10 (p value: 0.011). Conclusion: The new EIP parameters, RE-MONO#, RE-MONO%/M, ICIS score and COVID-19 prognostic score are useful for early prediction of critical illness. AS-LYMPH is the most useful predictor of critical illness on multivariate analysis. RE-MONO# and RE-MONO%/M parameter are useful in distinguishing critical and noncritical non-COVID and COVID-19 patients.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; ROC Curve ; Critical Illness ; Sepsis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2268590-X
ISSN	1751-553X ; 1751-5521 ; 0141-9854
ISSN (online)	1751-553X
ISSN	1751-5521 ; 0141-9854
DOI	10.1111/ijlh.14035
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