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Audio / Video ; Online: Dr. Ethan Taylor

Taylor, Ethan / Johal, Am / Smith, Paige / Feng, Kathy / Pinillos, Fiorella / SFU's Vancity Office of Community Engagement

COVID-19 and Selenium — Below the Radar Conversations

2020

Abstract: In this episode we talk with Dr. Ethan Taylor, professor in the Department of Chemistry and ... on selenium as an anti-pathogenic factor in emerging zoonotic viral infections, such as COVID-19. Dr. Ethan ...

Abstract	In this episode we talk with Dr. Ethan Taylor, professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of North Carolina. With our host Am Johal, he discusses the current research on selenium as an anti-pathogenic factor in emerging zoonotic viral infections, such as COVID-19. Dr. Ethan Taylor is a Professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of North Carolina in Greensboro. His current research focus is on selenium as an anti-pathogenic factor in emerging zoonotic viral infections: SARS & COVID-19, HIV/AIDS, Ebola, Zika, influenza, and other viruses with RNA genomes. Global pandemics like COVID-19 and more lethal variants of avian/swine flu will continue to occur unless humans can desist from eating animals, e.g., bats have been key factors in the origin of SARS, COVID-19, and the 2014 Ebola outbreak; HIV/AIDS came from apes as bushmeat.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-29
Publishing country	ca
Document type	Audio / Video ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Airborne Ethane Observations in the Barnett Shale: Quantification of Ethane Flux and Attribution of Methane Emissions.

Smith, Mackenzie L / Kort, Eric A / Karion, Anna / Sweeney, Colm / Herndon, Scott C / Yacovitch, Tara I

Environmental science & technology

2015 Volume 49, Issue 13, Page(s) 8158–8166

Abstract: We present high time resolution airborne ethane (C2H6) and methane (CH4) measurements made in March ... Ethane fluxes are quantified using a downwind flight strategy, a first demonstration of this approach ... for C2H6. Additionally, ethane-to-methane emissions ratios (C2H6:CH4) of point sources were observationally ...

Abstract	We present high time resolution airborne ethane (C2H6) and methane (CH4) measurements made in March and October 2013 as part of the Barnett Coordinated Campaign over the Barnett Shale formation in Texas. Ethane fluxes are quantified using a downwind flight strategy, a first demonstration of this approach for C2H6. Additionally, ethane-to-methane emissions ratios (C2H6:CH4) of point sources were observationally determined from simultaneous airborne C2H6 and CH4 measurements during a survey flight over the source region. Distinct C2H6:CH4 × 100% molar ratios of 0.0%, 1.8%, and 9.6%, indicative of microbial, low-C2H6 fossil, and high-C2H6 fossil sources, respectively, emerged in observations over the emissions source region of the Barnett Shale. Ethane-to-methane correlations were used in conjunction with C2H6 and CH4 fluxes to quantify the fraction of CH4 emissions derived from fossil and microbial sources. On the basis of two analyses, we find 71-85% of the observed methane emissions quantified in the Barnett Shale are derived from fossil sources. The average ethane flux observed from the studied region of the Barnett Shale was 6.6 ± 0.2 × 10(3) kg hr(-1) and consistent across six days in spring and fall of 2013.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Computer Simulation ; Ethane/analysis ; Fossil Fuels ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Methane/analysis ; Texas
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Fossil Fuels ; Ethane (L99N5N533T) ; Methane (OP0UW79H66)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-07-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	1520-5851
ISSN (online)	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021/acs.est.5b00219
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Article: catena-Poly[2,2',2''-nitrilo-tris-(ethan-aminium) [tri-μ-oxido-tris-[dioxido-vanadate(V)]] monohydrate].

Chang, Kelvin B / Smith, Matthew D / Zeller, Matthias / Norquist, Alexander J

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online

2013 Volume 69, Issue Pt 11, Page(s) m570–1

Abstract: The title compound, {(C6H21N4)[V3O9]·H2O} n , crystallizes as a salt with [trenH3](3+) cations [tren is tris-(2-amino-eth-yl)amine], and one-dimensional anionic {[V(V)O3](-)} n (metavanadate) chains along the c-axis direction. Three crystallographically ... ...

Abstract	The title compound, {(C6H21N4)[V3O9]·H2O} n , crystallizes as a salt with [trenH3](3+) cations [tren is tris-(2-amino-eth-yl)amine], and one-dimensional anionic {[V(V)O3](-)} n (metavanadate) chains along the c-axis direction. Three crystallographically distinct V(V) sites and one occluded water mol-ecule are present for every [trenH3](3+) cation in the unit cell. The {[V(V)O3](-)} n chains are composed of vertex-sharing [VO4] tetra-hedra and have a repeat unit of six tetra-hedra. Each tetra-hedron in the chain contains two terminal and two μ(2)-bridging oxide ligands. The [trenH3](3+) cations, {[V(V)O3](-)} n anions and occluded water mol-ecules participate in an extensive three-dimensonal hydrogen-bonding network. The three terminal ammonium sites of the [trenH3](3+) cations each form strong N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds to terminal oxide ligands on the {[V(V)O3](-)} n chain. Each occluded water mol-ecule also donates two O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds to the terminal oxide ligands.
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-10-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041947-8
ISSN	1600-5368
ISSN	1600-5368
DOI	10.1107/S1600536813026056
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Article ; Online: Methane, Black Carbon, and Ethane Emissions from Natural Gas Flares in the Bakken Shale, North Dakota.

Gvakharia, Alexander / Kort, Eric A / Brandt, Adam / Peischl, Jeff / Ryerson, Thomas B / Schwarz, Joshua P / Smith, Mackenzie L / Sweeney, Colm

Environmental science & technology

2017 Volume 51, Issue 9, Page(s) 5317–5325

Abstract: ... methane, ethane, and combustion efficiency for methane and ethane. We find no clear relationship between ... combustion efficiencies for methane and ethane are close to expected values for typical flares according ... and ethane measured in the Bakken shale, more than double the expected value if 98% efficiency was ...

Abstract	Incomplete combustion during flaring can lead to production of black carbon (BC) and loss of methane and other pollutants to the atmosphere, impacting climate and air quality. However, few studies have measured flare efficiency in a real-world setting. We use airborne data of plume samples from 37 unique flares in the Bakken region of North Dakota in May 2014 to calculate emission factors for BC, methane, ethane, and combustion efficiency for methane and ethane. We find no clear relationship between emission factors and aircraft-level wind speed or between methane and BC emission factors. Observed median combustion efficiencies for methane and ethane are close to expected values for typical flares according to the US EPA (98%). However, we find that the efficiency distribution is skewed, exhibiting log-normal behavior. This suggests incomplete combustion from flares contributes almost 1/5 of the total field emissions of methane and ethane measured in the Bakken shale, more than double the expected value if 98% efficiency was representative. BC emission factors also have a skewed distribution, but we find lower emission values than previous studies. The direct observation for the first time of a heavy-tail emissions distribution from flares suggests the need to consider skewed distributions when assessing flare impacts globally.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants ; Carbon ; Ethane ; Methane ; Natural Gas ; North Dakota
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Natural Gas ; Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Ethane (L99N5N533T) ; Methane (OP0UW79H66)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1520-5851
ISSN (online)	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021/acs.est.6b05183
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Article: Airborne Ethane Observations in the Barnett Shale: Quantification of Ethane Flux and Attribution of Methane Emissions

Smith, Mackenzie L / Herndon Scott C / Karion Anna / Kort Eric A / Sweeney Colm / Yacovitch Tara I

Environmental Science & Technology. 2015 July 07, v. 49, no. 13

2015

Abstract: We present high time resolution airborne ethane (CâHâ) and methane (CHâ) measurements made ... in Texas. Ethane fluxes are quantified using a downwind flight strategy, a first demonstration ... of this approach for CâHâ. Additionally, ethane-to-methane emissions ratios (CâHâ:CHâ) of point sources ...

Abstract	We present high time resolution airborne ethane (CâHâ) and methane (CHâ) measurements made in March and October 2013 as part of the Barnett Coordinated Campaign over the Barnett Shale formation in Texas. Ethane fluxes are quantified using a downwind flight strategy, a first demonstration of this approach for CâHâ. Additionally, ethane-to-methane emissions ratios (CâHâ:CHâ) of point sources were observationally determined from simultaneous airborne CâHâ and CHâ measurements during a survey flight over the source region. Distinct CâHâ:CHâ Ã 100% molar ratios of 0.0%, 1.8%, and 9.6%, indicative of microbial, low-CâHâ fossil, and high-CâHâ fossil sources, respectively, emerged in observations over the emissions source region of the Barnett Shale. Ethane-to-methane correlations were used in conjunction with CâHâ and CHâ fluxes to quantify the fraction of CHâ emissions derived from fossil and microbial sources. On the basis of two analyses, we find 71â85% of the observed methane emissions quantified in the Barnett Shale are derived from fossil sources. The average ethane flux observed from the studied region of the Barnett Shale was 6.6 Â± 0.2 Ã 10Â³ kg hrâÂ¹ and consistent across six days in spring and fall of 2013.
Keywords	autumn ; ethane ; fossils ; greenhouse gas emissions ; methane ; shale ; surveys ; Texas
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-0707
Size	p. 8158-8166.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ISSN	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021%2Facs.est.5b00219
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Article ; Online: Ethane-1,2-diaminium 4,4'-sulfonyl-dibenzoate.

Smith, Graham / Wermuth, Urs D

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online

2011 Volume 67, Issue Pt 11, Page(s) o2966

Abstract: In the title salt, C(2)H(10)N(2) (2+)·C(14)H(8)O(6)S(2-), both the ethyl-ene-diaminium cations and the 4,4'-sulfonyl-dibenzoate dianions have crystallographic twofold rotational symmetry. They are inter-linked by aminium N-H⋯O(carboxyl-ate) hydrogen- ... ...

Abstract	In the title salt, C(2)H(10)N(2) (2+)·C(14)H(8)O(6)S(2-), both the ethyl-ene-diaminium cations and the 4,4'-sulfonyl-dibenzoate dianions have crystallographic twofold rotational symmetry. They are inter-linked by aminium N-H⋯O(carboxyl-ate) hydrogen-bonding associations, giving sheets parallel to (101) and are further linked along [010], forming a three-dimensional structure.
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-10-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041947-8
ISSN	1600-5368 ; 1600-5368
ISSN (online)	1600-5368
ISSN	1600-5368
DOI	10.1107/S1600536811041274
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Article ; Online: Desorption Kinetics of Ar, Kr, Xe, N2, O2, CO, Methane, Ethane, and Propane from Graphene and Amorphous Solid Water Surfaces.

Smith, R Scott / May, R Alan / Kay, Bruce D

The journal of physical chemistry. B

2016 Volume 120, Issue 8, Page(s) 1979–1987

Abstract: The desorption kinetics for Ar, Kr, Xe, N2, O2, CO, methane, ethane, and propane from graphene ...

Abstract	The desorption kinetics for Ar, Kr, Xe, N2, O2, CO, methane, ethane, and propane from graphene-covered Pt(111) and amorphous solid water (ASW) surfaces are investigated using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). The TPD spectra for all of the adsorbates from graphene have well-resolved first, second, third, and multilayer desorption peaks. The alignment of the leading edges is consistent the zero-order desorption for all of the adsorbates. An Arrhenius analysis is used to obtain desorption energies and prefactors for desorption from graphene for all of the adsorbates. In contrast, the leading desorption edges for the adsorbates from ASW do not align (for coverages < 2 ML). The nonalignment of TPD leading edges suggests that there are multiple desorption binding sites on the ASW surface. Inversion analysis is used to obtain the coverage dependent desorption energies and prefactors for desorption from ASW for all of the adsorbates.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-03-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	1520-5207
ISSN (online)	1520-5207
DOI	10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b10033
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Article: Methane, Black Carbon, and Ethane Emissions from Natural Gas Flares in the Bakken Shale, North Dakota

Gvakharia, Alexander / Brandt Adam / Kort Eric A / Peischl Jeff / Ryerson Thomas B / Schwarz Joshua P / Smith Mackenzie L / Sweeney Colm

Environmental Science & Technology. 2017 May 02, v. 51, no. 9

2017

Abstract	Incomplete combustion during flaring can lead to production of black carbon (BC) and loss of methane and other pollutants to the atmosphere, impacting climate and air quality. However, few studies have measured flare efficiency in a real-world setting. We use airborne data of plume samples from 37 unique flares in the Bakken region of North Dakota in May 2014 to calculate emission factors for BC, methane, ethane, and combustion efficiency for methane and ethane. We find no clear relationship between emission factors and aircraft-level wind speed or between methane and BC emission factors. Observed median combustion efficiencies for methane and ethane are close to expected values for typical flares according to the US EPA (98%). However, we find that the efficiency distribution is skewed, exhibiting log-normal behavior. This suggests incomplete combustion from flares contributes almost 1/5 of the total field emissions of methane and ethane measured in the Bakken shale, more than double the expected value if 98% efficiency was representative. BC emission factors also have a skewed distribution, but we find lower emission values than previous studies. The direct observation for the first time of a heavy-tail emissions distribution from flares suggests the need to consider skewed distributions when assessing flare impacts globally.
Keywords	air quality ; carbon ; climate ; combustion ; emissions ; emissions factor ; ethane ; methane ; natural gas ; pollutants ; shale ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; wind speed ; North Dakota
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-0502
Size	p. 5317-5325.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ISSN	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021%2Facs.est.6b05183
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Article ; Online: Ethane-1,2-diaminium 4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoate

Graham Smith / Urs D. Wermuth

Acta Crystallographica Section E, Vol 67, Iss 11, Pp o2966-o

2011 Volume 2966

Abstract: In the title salt, C2H10N22+·C14H8O6S2−, both the ethylenediaminium cations and the 4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoate dianions have crystallographic twofold rotational symmetry. They are interlinked by aminium N—H.Ocarboxylate hydrogen-bonding associations, giving ...

Abstract	In the title salt, C2H10N22+·C14H8O6S2−, both the ethylenediaminium cations and the 4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoate dianions have crystallographic twofold rotational symmetry. They are interlinked by aminium N—H.Ocarboxylate hydrogen-bonding associations, giving sheets parallel to (101) and are further linked along [010], forming a three-dimensional structure.
Keywords	Chemistry ; QD1-999 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Chemistry (General) ; DOAJ:Chemistry
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	International Union of Crystallography
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Ethane-1,2-diaminium 4,5-dichloro-phthalate.

Smith, Graham / Wermuth, Urs D

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online

2009 Volume 66, Issue Pt 1, Page(s) o235

Abstract: In the structure of the title compound, C(2)H(10)N(2) (2+)·C(8)H(2)Cl(2)O(4) (2-), the dications and dianions form hydrogen-bonded ribbon substructures which enclose conjoint cyclic R(2) (1)(7), R(1) (2)(7) and R(4) (2)(8) associations and extend down ... ...

Abstract	In the structure of the title compound, C(2)H(10)N(2) (2+)·C(8)H(2)Cl(2)O(4) (2-), the dications and dianions form hydrogen-bonded ribbon substructures which enclose conjoint cyclic R(2) (1)(7), R(1) (2)(7) and R(4) (2)(8) associations and extend down the c-axis direction. These ribbons inter-associate down b, giving a two-dimensional sheet structure. In the dianions, one of the carboxyl-ate groups is essentially coplanar with the benzene ring, while the other is normal to it [C-C-C-O torsion angles = 177.67 (12) and 81.94 (17)°, respectively].
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-12-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041947-8
ISSN	1600-5368
ISSN	1600-5368
DOI	10.1107/S1600536809054427
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