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Article: Pectinolytic activity of bacteria isolated from soil and two fungal strains during submerged fermentation

Sunnotel, O / Nigam, P

World journal of microbiology & biotechnology. Dec 2002. v. 18 (9)

2002

Keywords	soil bacteria ; orchard soils ; Aspergillus ; polygalacturonase ; pectinesterase ; pectin lyase ; pectins ; fermentation ; Northern Ireland
Language	English
Dates of publication	2002-12
Size	p. 835-839.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1499109-3
ISSN	1573-0972 ; 0959-3993
ISSN (online)	1573-0972
ISSN	0959-3993
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Photocatalytic inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum on nanostructured titanium dioxide films.

Sunnotel, O / Verdoold, R / Dunlop, P S M / Snelling, W J / Lowery, C J / Dooley, J S G / Moore, J E / Byrne, J A

Journal of water and health

2010 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 83–91

Abstract: Control of waterborne gastrointestinal parasites represents a major concern to water industries worldwide. In developed countries, pathogens in drinking water supplies are normally removed by sand filtration followed by chemical disinfection. ... ...

Abstract	Control of waterborne gastrointestinal parasites represents a major concern to water industries worldwide. In developed countries, pathogens in drinking water supplies are normally removed by sand filtration followed by chemical disinfection. Cryptosporidium spp. are generally resistant to common disinfection techniques and alternative control strategies are being sought. In the current study, the photocatalytic inactivation of C. parvum oocysts was shown to occur in buffer solution (78.4% after 180 min) and surface water (73.7% after 180 min). Viability was assessed by dye exclusion, excystation, direct examination of oocysts and a novel gene expression assay based on lactate dehydrogenase 1 (LDH1) expression levels. Collectively, this confirmed the inactivation of oocysts and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed cleavage at the suture line of oocyst cell walls, revealing large numbers of empty (ghost) cells after exposure to photocatalytic treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Cryptosporidium parvum/radiation effects ; Disinfection/instrumentation ; Nanostructures ; Oocysts/radiation effects ; Photolysis ; RNA, Protozoan ; Titanium ; Water Purification/instrumentation ; Water Purification/methods
Chemical Substances	RNA, Protozoan ; titanium dioxide (15FIX9V2JP) ; Titanium (D1JT611TNE)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2123845-5
ISSN	1996-7829 ; 1477-8920
ISSN (online)	1996-7829
ISSN	1477-8920
DOI	10.2166/wh.2009.204
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Efficient translation of Dnmt1 requires cytoplasmic polyadenylation and Musashi binding elements.

Rutledge, Charlotte E / Lau, Ho-Tak / Mangan, Hazel / Hardy, Linda L / Sunnotel, Olaf / Guo, Fan / MacNicol, Angus M / Walsh, Colum P / Lees-Murdock, Diane J

PloS one

2014 Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) e88385

Abstract: Regulation of DNMT1 is critical for epigenetic control of many genes and for genome stability. Using phylogenetic analysis we characterized a block of 27 nucleotides in the 3'UTR of Dnmt1 mRNA identical between humans and Xenopus and investigated the ... ...

Abstract	Regulation of DNMT1 is critical for epigenetic control of many genes and for genome stability. Using phylogenetic analysis we characterized a block of 27 nucleotides in the 3'UTR of Dnmt1 mRNA identical between humans and Xenopus and investigated the role of the individual elements contained within it. This region contains a cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE) and a Musashi binding element (MBE), with CPE binding protein 1 (CPEB1) known to bind to the former in mouse oocytes. The presence of these elements usually indicates translational control by elongation and shortening of the poly(A) tail in the cytoplasm of the oocyte and in some somatic cell types. We demonstrate for the first time cytoplasmic polyadenylation of Dnmt1 during periods of oocyte growth in mouse and during oocyte activation in Xenopus. Furthermore we show by RNA immunoprecipitation that Musashi1 (MSI1) binds to the MBE and that this element is required for polyadenylation in oocytes. As well as a role in oocytes, site-directed mutagenesis and reporter assays confirm that mutation of either the MBE or CPE reduce DNMT1 translation in somatic cells, but likely act in the same pathway: deletion of the whole conserved region has more severe effects on translation in both ES and differentiated cells. In adult cells lacking MSI1 there is a greater dependency on the CPE, with depletion of CPEB1 or CPEB4 by RNAi resulting in substantially reduced levels of endogenous DNMT1 protein and concurrent upregulation of the well characterised CPEB target mRNA cyclin B1. Our findings demonstrate that CPE- and MBE-mediated translation regulate DNMT1 expression, representing a novel mechanism of post-transcriptional control for this gene.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Southern ; Blotting, Western ; Chickens ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1 ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/genetics ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/metabolism ; DNA Primers/genetics ; Genetic Vectors/genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Immunoprecipitation ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Oocytes/growth & development ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Polyadenylation/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Rats ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Xenopus ; Zebrafish
Chemical Substances	DNA Primers ; Msi1h protein, mouse ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1 (EC 2.1.1.37) ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases (EC 2.1.1.37) ; DNMT1 protein, human (EC 2.1.1.37) ; Dnmt1 protein, mouse (EC 2.1.1.37) ; Dnmt1 protein, rat (EC 2.1.1.37)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-02-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0088385
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Article: Effectiveness of standard UV depuration at inactivating Cryptosporidium parvum recovered from spiked Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas).

Sunnotel, O / Snelling, W J / McDonough, N / Browne, L / Moore, J E / Dooley, J S G / Lowery, C J

Applied and environmental microbiology

2007 Volume 73, Issue 16, Page(s) 5083–5087

Abstract: When filter-feeding shellfish are consumed raw, because of their ability to concentrate and store waterborne pathogens, they are being increasingly associated with human gastroenteritis and have become recognized as important pathogen vectors. In the ... ...

Abstract	When filter-feeding shellfish are consumed raw, because of their ability to concentrate and store waterborne pathogens, they are being increasingly associated with human gastroenteritis and have become recognized as important pathogen vectors. In the shellfish industry, UV depuration procedures are mandatory to reduce pathogen levels prior to human consumption. However, these guidelines are based around more susceptible fecal coliforms and Salmonella spp. and do not consider Cryptosporidium spp., which have significant resistance to environmental stresses. Thus, there is an urgent need to evaluate the efficiency of standard UV depuration against the survival of Cryptosporidium recovered from shellfish. Our study found that in industrial-scale shellfish depuration treatment tanks, standard UV treatment resulted in a 13-fold inactivation of recovered, viable C. parvum oocysts from spiked (1 x 10(6) oocysts liter (-1)) Pacific oysters. Depuration at half power also significantly reduced (P < 0.05; ninefold) the number of viable oocysts recovered from oysters. While UV treatment resulted in significant reductions of recovered viable oocysts, low numbers of viable oocysts were still recovered from oysters after depuration, making their consumption when raw a public health risk. Our study highlights the need for increased periodic monitoring programs for shellfish harvesting sites, improved depuration procedures, and revised microbial quality control parameters, including Cryptosporidium assessment, to minimize the risk of cryptosporidiosis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cryptosporidium parvum/growth & development ; Cryptosporidium parvum/radiation effects ; Oocysts/growth & development ; Oocysts/radiation effects ; Ostreidae/parasitology ; Seafood/parasitology ; Seafood/standards ; Ultraviolet Rays
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	223011-2
ISSN	1098-5336 ; 0099-2240
ISSN (online)	1098-5336
ISSN	0099-2240
DOI	10.1128/AEM.00375-07
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Cryptosporidium.

Sunnotel, O / Lowery, C J / Moore, J E / Dooley, J S G / Xiao, L / Millar, B C / Rooney, P J / Snelling, W J

Letters in applied microbiology

2006 Volume 43, Issue 1, Page(s) 7–16

Abstract: This review discusses characteristics of the genus Cryptosporidium and addresses the pathogenesis, reservoirs, public health significance and current applications for the detection and typing of this important pathogen. By increasing knowledge in key ... ...

Abstract	This review discusses characteristics of the genus Cryptosporidium and addresses the pathogenesis, reservoirs, public health significance and current applications for the detection and typing of this important pathogen. By increasing knowledge in key areas of Cryptosporidium research such as aetiology, epidemiology, transmission and host interactions, the numbers of cases of human cryptosporidiosis should be reduced.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Cryptosporidiosis/epidemiology ; Cryptosporidiosis/parasitology ; Cryptosporidiosis/prevention & control ; Cryptosporidiosis/transmission ; Cryptosporidium/classification ; Cryptosporidium/isolation & purification ; Cryptosporidium/pathogenicity ; Dogs ; Guinea Pigs ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Humans ; Public Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	632584-1
ISSN	1472-765X ; 0266-8254
ISSN (online)	1472-765X
ISSN	0266-8254
DOI	10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.01936.x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Rapid and sensitive detection of single cryptosporidium oocysts from archived glass slides.

Sunnotel, O / Snelling, W J / Xiao, L / Moule, K / Moore, J E / Millar, B Cherie / Dooley, J S G / Lowery, C J

Journal of clinical microbiology

2006 Volume 44, Issue 9, Page(s) 3285–3291

Abstract: In this study we report on the development and application of a novel method for efficiently extracting and detecting single Cryptosporidium oocysts from archived glass slides. Laser capture microscopy was used to extract low numbers of oocysts from ... ...

Abstract	In this study we report on the development and application of a novel method for efficiently extracting and detecting single Cryptosporidium oocysts from archived glass slides. Laser capture microscopy was used to extract low numbers of oocysts from archived glass slides. Highly sensitive real-time PCR methods were then developed to enable the rapid detection and identification of Cryptosporidium oocysts from these samples. The method was applied to fecal smears stained with a variety of standard oocyst stains and water samples. This application, with samples derived from both public health and water service laboratories, highlighted the strong potential of this method to be used as a rapid high-throughput screening tool for the routine monitoring of Cryptosporidium and other medically important pathogens from clinical, veterinary, and environmental water samples. Importantly, the application of our protocol could be used to type Cryptosporidium and other pathogens from stored archived glass slides in public health and water service laboratories, providing vital epidemiological updates and helping to identify and trace pathogens and their routes of infection and ultimately improve their control.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cryptosporidium/classification ; Cryptosporidium/genetics ; Cryptosporidium/growth & development ; Cryptosporidium/isolation & purification ; DNA, Protozoan/analysis ; DNA, Protozoan/isolation & purification ; Feces/parasitology ; Glass ; Humans ; Microscopy, Confocal/methods ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocysts/isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Time Factors ; Water Supply
Chemical Substances	DNA, Protozoan
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	390499-4
ISSN	1098-660X ; 0095-1137
ISSN (online)	1098-660X
ISSN	0095-1137
DOI	10.1128/JCM.00541-06
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Article: Effectiveness of Standard UV Depuration at Inactivating Cryptosporidium parvum Recovered from Spiked Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas)

Sunnotel, O / Snelling, W.J / McDonough, N / Browne, L / Moore, J.E / Dooley, J.S.G / Lowery, C.J

Applied and environmental microbiology AEM. 2007 Aug. 15, v. 73, no. 16

2007

Abstract	When filter-feeding shellfish are consumed raw, because of their ability to concentrate and store waterborne pathogens, they are being increasingly associated with human gastroenteritis and have become recognized as important pathogen vectors. In the shellfish industry, UV depuration procedures are mandatory to reduce pathogen levels prior to human consumption. However, these guidelines are based around more susceptible fecal coliforms and Salmonella spp. and do not consider Cryptosporidium spp., which have significant resistance to environmental stresses. Thus, there is an urgent need to evaluate the efficiency of standard UV depuration against the survival of Cryptosporidium recovered from shellfish. Our study found that in industrial-scale shellfish depuration treatment tanks, standard UV treatment resulted in a 13-fold inactivation of recovered, viable C. parvum oocysts from spiked (1 x 10⁶ oocysts liter ⁻¹) Pacific oysters. Depuration at half power also significantly reduced (P < 0.05; ninefold) the number of viable oocysts recovered from oysters. While UV treatment resulted in significant reductions of recovered viable oocysts, low numbers of viable oocysts were still recovered from oysters after depuration, making their consumption when raw a public health risk. Our study highlights the need for increased periodic monitoring programs for shellfish harvesting sites, improved depuration procedures, and revised microbial quality control parameters, including Cryptosporidium assessment, to minimize the risk of cryptosporidiosis.
Keywords	Crassostrea gigas ; Cryptosporidium parvum ; Salmonella ; coliform bacteria ; cryptosporidiosis ; gastroenteritis ; guidelines ; harvesting ; humans ; industry ; microbiological quality ; monitoring ; oocysts ; oysters ; pathogens ; public health ; quality control ; raw shellfish ; risk ; shellfish ; stress tolerance ; tanks
Language	English
Dates of publication	2007-0815
Size	p. 5083-5087.
Publishing place	American Society for Microbiology
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	223011-2
ISSN	1098-5336 ; 0099-2240
ISSN (online)	1098-5336
ISSN	0099-2240
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Cryptosporidium

Sunnotel, O / Lowery, C.J / Moore, J.E / Dooley, J.S.G / Xiao, L / Millar, B.C / Rooney, P.J / Snelling, W.J

Letters in applied microbiology. 2006 July, v. 43, no. 1

2006

Abstract	This review discusses characteristics of the genus Cryptosporidium and addresses the pathogenesis, reservoirs, public health significance and current applications for the detection and typing of this important pathogen. By increasing knowledge in key areas of Cryptosporidium research such as aetiology, epidemiology, transmission and host interactions, the numbers of cases of human cryptosporidiosis should be reduced.
Keywords	Cryptosporidium ; cryptosporidiosis ; epidemiology ; humans ; pathogenesis ; pathogens ; public health
Language	English
Dates of publication	2006-07
Size	p. 7-16.
Publisher	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Publishing place	Oxford, UK
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	632584-1
ISSN	1472-765X ; 0266-8254
ISSN (online)	1472-765X
ISSN	0266-8254
DOI	10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.01936.x
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Single Cryptosporidium Oocysts from Archived Glass Slides

Sunnotel, O / Snelling, W.J / Xiao, L / Moule, K / Moore, J.E / Millar, B. Cherie / Dooley, J.S.G / Lowery, C.J

Journal of clinical microbiology JCM. 2006 Sept., v. 44, no. 9

2006

Abstract	In this study we report on the development and application of a novel method for efficiently extracting and detecting single Cryptosporidium oocysts from archived glass slides. Laser capture microscopy was used to extract low numbers of oocysts from archived glass slides. Highly sensitive real-time PCR methods were then developed to enable the rapid detection and identification of Cryptosporidium oocysts from these samples. The method was applied to fecal smears stained with a variety of standard oocyst stains and water samples. This application, with samples derived from both public health and water service laboratories, highlighted the strong potential of this method to be used as a rapid high-throughput screening tool for the routine monitoring of Cryptosporidium and other medically important pathogens from clinical, veterinary, and environmental water samples. Importantly, the application of our protocol could be used to type Cryptosporidium and other pathogens from stored archived glass slides in public health and water service laboratories, providing vital epidemiological updates and helping to identify and trace pathogens and their routes of infection and ultimately improve their control.
Language	English
Dates of publication	2006-09
Size	p. 3285-3291.
Publishing place	American Society for Microbiology
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	390499-4
ISSN	1098-660X ; 0095-1137
ISSN (online)	1098-660X
ISSN	0095-1137
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Improved monitoring of water-associated cryptosporidiosis in Ireland.

Snelling, W J / Rooney, P J / Lowery, C J / Dooley, J S G / Rao, J R / Millar, B C / Sunnotel, O / Xiao, L / Buckley, T / Kenny, F / Nicholson, V / Moore, J E

Irish medical journal

2007 Volume 100, Issue 5, Page(s) 454–455

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cryptosporidiosis/diagnosis ; Cryptosporidiosis/epidemiology ; Cryptosporidiosis/prevention & control ; Cryptosporidium parvum ; Humans ; Ireland/epidemiology ; Population Surveillance ; Public Health ; Risk ; Water Microbiology ; Water Supply/standards
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-05
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	193134-9
ISSN	0332-3102 ; 0021-129X
ISSN	0332-3102 ; 0021-129X
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