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  1. Article ; Online: Users choose to engage with more partisan news than they are exposed to on Google Search.

    Robertson, Ronald E / Green, Jon / Ruck, Damian J / Ognyanova, Katherine / Wilson, Christo / Lazer, David

    Nature

    2023  Volume 618, Issue 7964, Page(s) 342–348

    Abstract: If popular online platforms systematically expose their users to partisan and unreliable news, they could potentially contribute to societal issues such as rising political ... ...

    Abstract If popular online platforms systematically expose their users to partisan and unreliable news, they could potentially contribute to societal issues such as rising political polarization
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Choice Behavior ; Information Sources/statistics & numerical data ; Information Sources/supply & distribution ; Politics ; Prejudice/psychology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Search Engine/methods ; Search Engine/standards ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States ; Algorithms
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/s41586-023-06078-5
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  2. Article ; Online: Inequality between identity groups and social unrest.

    Houle, Christian / Ruck, Damian J / Bentley, R Alexander / Gavrilets, Sergey

    Journal of the Royal Society, Interface

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 188, Page(s) 20210725

    Abstract: Economic, social and political inequality between different identity groups is an important contributor to violent conflicts within societies. To deepen our understanding of the underlying social dynamics, we develop a mathematical model describing ... ...

    Abstract Economic, social and political inequality between different identity groups is an important contributor to violent conflicts within societies. To deepen our understanding of the underlying social dynamics, we develop a mathematical model describing cooperation and conflict in a society composed of multiple factions engaged in economic and political interactions. Our model predicts that growing economic and political inequality tends to lead to the collapse of cooperation between factions that were initially seeking to cooperate. Certain mechanisms can delay this process, including the decoupling of political and economic power through rule of law and allegiance to the state or dominant faction. Counterintuitively, anti-conformity (a social norm for independent action) can also stabilize society, by preventing initial defections from cooperation from cascading through society. However, the availability of certain material resources that can be acquired by the state without cooperation with other factions has the opposite effect. We test several of these predictions using a multivariate statistical analysis of data covering 75 countries worldwide. Using social unrest as a proxy for the breakdown of cooperation in society, we find support for many of the predictions from our theory.
    MeSH term(s) Social Behavior
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2156283-0
    ISSN 1742-5662 ; 1742-5689
    ISSN (online) 1742-5662
    ISSN 1742-5689
    DOI 10.1098/rsif.2021.0725
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  3. Article ; Online: Cultural values predict national COVID-19 death rates.

    Ruck, Damian J / Borycz, Joshua / Bentley, R Alexander

    SN social sciences

    2021  Volume 1, Issue 3, Page(s) 74

    Abstract: National responses to a pandemic require populations to comply through personal behaviors that occur in a cultural context. Here we show that aggregated cultural values of nations, derived from World Values Survey data, have been at least as important as ...

    Abstract National responses to a pandemic require populations to comply through personal behaviors that occur in a cultural context. Here we show that aggregated cultural values of nations, derived from World Values Survey data, have been at least as important as top-down government actions in predicting the impact of COVID-19. At the population level, the cultural factor of cosmopolitanism, together with obesity, predict higher numbers of deaths in the first two months of COVID-19 on the scale of nations. At the state level, the complementary variables of government efficiency and public trust in institutions predict lower death numbers. The difference in effect between individual beliefs and behaviors, versus state-level actions, suggests that open cosmopolitan societies may face greater challenges in limiting a future pandemic or other event requiring a coordinated national response among the population. More generally, mass cultural values should be considered in crisis preparations.
    Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43545-021-00080-2.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-09
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2662-9283
    ISSN (online) 2662-9283
    DOI 10.1007/s43545-021-00080-2
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  4. Article ; Online: Early warning of vulnerable counties in a pandemic using socio-economic variables.

    Ruck, Damian J / Bentley, R Alexander / Borycz, Joshua

    Economics and human biology

    2021  Volume 41, Page(s) 100988

    Abstract: In the U.S. in early 2020, heterogenous and incomplete county-scale data on COVID-19 hindered effective interventions in the pandemic. While numbers of deaths can be used to estimate actual number of infections after a time lag, counties with low death ... ...

    Abstract In the U.S. in early 2020, heterogenous and incomplete county-scale data on COVID-19 hindered effective interventions in the pandemic. While numbers of deaths can be used to estimate actual number of infections after a time lag, counties with low death counts early on have considerable uncertainty about true numbers of cases in the future. Here we show that supplementing county-scale mortality statistics with socioeconomic data helps estimate true numbers of COVID-19 infections in low-data counties, and hence provide an early warning of future concern. We fit a LASSO negative binomial regression to select a parsimonious set of five predictive variables from thirty-one county-level covariates. Of these, population density, public transportation use, voting patterns and % African-American population are most predictive of higher COVID-19 death rates. To test the model, we show that counties identified as under-estimating COVID-19 on an early date (April 17) have relatively higher deaths later (July 1) in the pandemic.
    MeSH term(s) African Americans/statistics & numerical data ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/mortality ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Small-Area Analysis ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-12
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2099749-8
    ISSN 1873-6130 ; 1570-677X
    ISSN (online) 1873-6130
    ISSN 1570-677X
    DOI 10.1016/j.ehb.2021.100988
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Cultural prerequisites of socioeconomic development.

    Ruck, Damian J / Bentley, R Alexander / Lawson, Daniel J

    Royal Society open science

    2020  Volume 7, Issue 2, Page(s) 190725

    Abstract: In the centuries since the enlightenment, the world has seen an increase in socioeconomic development, measured as increased life expectancy, education, economic development and democracy. While the co-occurrence of these features among nations is well ... ...

    Abstract In the centuries since the enlightenment, the world has seen an increase in socioeconomic development, measured as increased life expectancy, education, economic development and democracy. While the co-occurrence of these features among nations is well documented, little is known about their origins or co-evolution. Here, we compare this growth of prosperity in nations to the historical record of cultural values in the twentieth century, derived from global survey data. We find that two cultural factors, secular-rationality and cosmopolitanism, predict future increases in GDP
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2787755-3
    ISSN 2054-5703
    ISSN 2054-5703
    DOI 10.1098/rsos.190725
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  6. Article ; Online: Neutral models are a tool, not a syndrome.

    Bentley, R Alexander / Carrignon, Simon / Ruck, Damian J / Valverde, Sergi / O'Brien, Michael J

    Nature human behaviour

    2021  Volume 5, Issue 7, Page(s) 807–808

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Models, Biological
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ISSN 2397-3374
    ISSN (online) 2397-3374
    DOI 10.1038/s41562-021-01149-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: CLARITY: comparing heterogeneous data using dissimilarity.

    Lawson, Daniel J / Solanki, Vinesh / Yanovich, Igor / Dellert, Johannes / Ruck, Damian / Endicott, Phillip

    Royal Society open science

    2021  Volume 8, Issue 12, Page(s) 202182

    Abstract: Integrating datasets from different disciplines is hard because the data are often qualitatively different in meaning, scale and reliability. When two datasets describe the same entities, many scientific questions can be phrased around whether the (dis) ... ...

    Abstract Integrating datasets from different disciplines is hard because the data are often qualitatively different in meaning, scale and reliability. When two datasets describe the same entities, many scientific questions can be phrased around whether the (dis)similarities between entities are conserved across such different data. Our method, CLARITY, quantifies consistency across datasets, identifies where inconsistencies arise and aids in their interpretation. We illustrate this using three diverse comparisons: gene methylation versus expression, evolution of language sounds versus word use, and country-level economic metrics versus cultural beliefs. The non-parametric approach is robust to noise and differences in scaling, and makes only weak assumptions about how the data were generated. It operates by decomposing similarities into two components: a 'structural' component analogous to a clustering, and an underlying 'relationship' between those structures. This allows a 'structural comparison' between two similarity matrices using their predictability from 'structure'. Significance is assessed with the help of re-sampling appropriate for each dataset. The software, CLARITY, is available as an R package from github.com/danjlawson/CLARITY.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2787755-3
    ISSN 2054-5703
    ISSN 2054-5703
    DOI 10.1098/rsos.202182
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  8. Article ; Online: U.S. obesity as delayed effect of excess sugar.

    Alexander Bentley, R / Ruck, Damian J / Fouts, Hillary N

    Economics and human biology

    2019  Volume 36, Page(s) 100818

    Abstract: In the last century, U.S. diets were transformed, including the addition of sugars to industrially-processed foods. While excess sugar has often been implicated in the dramatic increase in U.S. adult obesity over the past 30 years, an unexplained ... ...

    Abstract In the last century, U.S. diets were transformed, including the addition of sugars to industrially-processed foods. While excess sugar has often been implicated in the dramatic increase in U.S. adult obesity over the past 30 years, an unexplained question is why the increase in obesity took place many years after the increases in U.S. sugar consumption. To address this, here we explain adult obesity increase as the cumulative effect of increased sugar calories consumed over time. In our model, which uses annual data on U.S. sugar consumption as the input variable, each age cohort inherits the obesity rate in the previous year plus a simple function of the mean excess sugar consumed in the current year. This simple model replicates three aspects of the data: (a) the delayed timing and magnitude of the increase in average U.S. adult obesity (from about 15% in 1970 to almost 40% by 2015); (b) the increase of obesity rates by age group (reaching 47% obesity by age 50) for the year 2015 in a well-documented U.S. state; and (c) the pre-adult increase of obesity rates by several percent from 1988 to the mid-2000s, and subsequent modest decline in obesity rates among younger children since the mid-2000s. Under this model, the sharp rise in adult obesity after 1990 reflects the delayed effects of added sugar calories consumed among children of the 1970s and 1980s.
    MeSH term(s) Age Factors ; Child ; Diet ; Dietary Sucrose/administration & dosage ; Energy Intake ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Theoretical ; Obesity/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Dietary Sucrose
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-17
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2099749-8
    ISSN 1873-6130 ; 1570-677X
    ISSN (online) 1873-6130
    ISSN 1570-677X
    DOI 10.1016/j.ehb.2019.100818
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  9. Article ; Online: Evolution of initiation rites during the Austronesian dispersal.

    Bentley, R Alexander / Moritz, William R / Ruck, Damian J / O'Brien, Michael J

    Science progress

    2021  Volume 104, Issue 3, Page(s) 368504211031364

    Abstract: As adaptive systems, kinship and its accompanying rules have co-evolved with elements of complex societies, including wealth inheritance, subsistence, and power relations. Here we consider an aspect of kinship evolution in the Austronesian dispersal that ...

    Abstract As adaptive systems, kinship and its accompanying rules have co-evolved with elements of complex societies, including wealth inheritance, subsistence, and power relations. Here we consider an aspect of kinship evolution in the Austronesian dispersal that began from about 5500 BP in Taiwan, reaching Melanesia about 3200 BP, and dispersing into Micronesia by 1500 BP. Previous, foundational work has used phylogenetic comparative methods and ethnolinguistic information to infer matrilocal residence in proto-Austronesian societies. Here we apply Bayesian phylogenetic analyses to a data set on Austronesian societies that combines existing data on marital residence systems with a new set of ethnographic data, introduced here, on initiation rites. Transition likelihoods between cultural-trait combinations were modeled on an ensemble of 1000 possible Austronesian language trees, using Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (RJ-MCMC) simulations. Compared against a baseline phylogenetic model of independent evolution, a phylogenetic model of correlated evolution between female and male initiation rites is substantially more likely (log Bayes factor: 17.9). This indicates, over the generations of Austronesian dispersal, initiation rites were culturally stable when both female and male rites were in the same state (both present or both absent), yet relatively unstable for female-only rites. The results indicate correlated phylogeographic evolution of cultural initiation rites in the prehistoric dispersal of Austronesian societies across the Pacific. Once acquired, male initiation rites were more resilient than female-only rites among Austronesian societies.
    MeSH term(s) Bayes Theorem ; Female ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Markov Chains ; Monte Carlo Method ; Phylogeny
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 128412-5
    ISSN 2047-7163 ; 0036-8504 ; 0302-1785
    ISSN (online) 2047-7163
    ISSN 0036-8504 ; 0302-1785
    DOI 10.1177/00368504211031364
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  10. Article ; Online: Cultural prerequisites of socioeconomic development

    Damian J. Ruck / R. Alexander Bentley / Daniel J. Lawson

    Royal Society Open Science, Vol 7, Iss

    2020  Volume 2

    Abstract: In the centuries since the enlightenment, the world has seen an increase in socioeconomic development, measured as increased life expectancy, education, economic development and democracy. While the co-occurrence of these features among nations is well ... ...

    Abstract In the centuries since the enlightenment, the world has seen an increase in socioeconomic development, measured as increased life expectancy, education, economic development and democracy. While the co-occurrence of these features among nations is well documented, little is known about their origins or co-evolution. Here, we compare this growth of prosperity in nations to the historical record of cultural values in the twentieth century, derived from global survey data. We find that two cultural factors, secular-rationality and cosmopolitanism, predict future increases in GDP per capita, democratization and secondary education enrollment. The converse is not true, however, which indicates that secular-rationality and cosmopolitanism are among the preconditions for socioeconomic development to emerge.
    Keywords computational social science ; development ; cultural evolution ; history ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher The Royal Society
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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