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Article ; Online: Spontaneous Control of SIV Replication Does Not Prevent T Cell Dysregulation and Bacterial Dissemination in Animals Co-Infected with M. tuberculosis.

Moriarty, Ryan V / Rodgers, Mark A / Ellis, Amy L / Balgeman, Alexis J / Larson, Erica C / Hopkins, Forrest / Chase, Michael R / Maiello, Pauline / Fortune, Sarah M / Scanga, Charles A / O'Connor, Shelby L

Microbiology spectrum

2022 Volume 10, Issue 3, Page(s) e0172421

Abstract: Individuals co-infected with HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are more likely to develop severe tuberculosis (TB) disease than HIV-naive individuals. To understand how a chronic pre-existing Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection impairs ... ...

Abstract	Individuals co-infected with HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are more likely to develop severe tuberculosis (TB) disease than HIV-naive individuals. To understand how a chronic pre-existing Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection impairs the early immune response to Mtb, we used the Mauritian cynomolgus macaque (MCM) model of SIV/Mtb co-infection. We examined the relationship between peripheral viral control and Mtb burden, Mtb dissemination, and T cell function between SIV+ spontaneous controllers, SIV+ non-controllers, and SIV-naive MCM who were challenged with a barcoded Mtb Erdman strain 6 months post-SIV infection and necropsied 6 weeks post-Mtb infection. Mycobacterial burden was highest in the SIV+ non-controllers in all assessed tissues. In lung granulomas, the frequency of TNF-α-producing CD4
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Coinfection/microbiology ; Granuloma ; HIV Infections/complications ; Macaca fascicularis ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tuberculosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2807133-5
ISSN	2165-0497 ; 2165-0497
ISSN (online)	2165-0497
ISSN	2165-0497
DOI	10.1128/spectrum.01724-21
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Article ; Online: Cmr is a redox-responsive regulator of DosR that contributes to M. tuberculosis virulence.

Nucleic acids research

2017 Volume 45, Issue 11, Page(s) 6600–6612

Abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) is the causative agent of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). MTb colonizes the human lung, often entering a non-replicating state before progressing to life-threatening active infections. Transcriptional reprogramming is ... ...

Abstract	Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) is the causative agent of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). MTb colonizes the human lung, often entering a non-replicating state before progressing to life-threatening active infections. Transcriptional reprogramming is essential for TB pathogenesis. In vitro, Cmr (a member of the CRP/FNR super-family of transcription regulators) bound at a single DNA site to act as a dual regulator of cmr transcription and an activator of the divergent rv1676 gene. Transcriptional profiling and DNA-binding assays suggested that Cmr directly represses dosR expression. The DosR regulon is thought to be involved in establishing latent tuberculosis infections in response to hypoxia and nitric oxide. Accordingly, DNA-binding by Cmr was severely impaired by nitrosation. A cmr mutant was better able to survive a nitrosative stress challenge but was attenuated in a mouse aerosol infection model. The complemented mutant exhibited a ∼2-fold increase in cmr expression, which led to increased sensitivity to nitrosative stress. This, and the inability to restore wild-type behaviour in the infection model, suggests that precise regulation of the cmr locus, which is associated with Region of Difference 150 in hypervirulent Beijing strains of Mtb, is important for TB pathogenesis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Macrophages/microbiology ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mycobacterium smegmatis ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/metabolism ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/pathogenicity ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Binding ; Protein Kinases/genetics ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tuberculosis/microbiology ; Virulence ; Virulence Factors/genetics ; Virulence Factors/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Proteins ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; DosR protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Transcription Factors ; Virulence Factors ; Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	186809-3
ISSN	1362-4962 ; 1362-4954 ; 0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
ISSN (online)	1362-4962 ; 1362-4954
ISSN	0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
DOI	10.1093/nar/gkx406
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Article ; Online: PET CT Identifies Reactivation Risk in Cynomolgus Macaques with Latent M. tuberculosis.

Lin, Philana Ling / Maiello, Pauline / Gideon, Hannah P / Coleman, M Teresa / Cadena, Anthony M / Rodgers, Mark A / Gregg, Robert / O'Malley, Melanie / Tomko, Jaime / Fillmore, Daniel / Frye, L James / Rutledge, Tara / DiFazio, Robert M / Janssen, Christopher / Klein, Edwin / Andersen, Peter L / Fortune, Sarah M / Flynn, JoAnne L

PLoS pathogens

2016 Volume 12, Issue 7, Page(s) e1005739

Abstract: ... of cynomolgus macaques with latent M. tuberculosis infection was used to characterize the features ...

Abstract	Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection presents across a spectrum in humans, from latent infection to active tuberculosis. Among those with latent tuberculosis, it is now recognized that there is also a spectrum of infection and this likely contributes to the variable risk of reactivation tuberculosis. Here, functional imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxygluose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET CT) of cynomolgus macaques with latent M. tuberculosis infection was used to characterize the features of reactivation after tumor necrosis factor (TNF) neutralization and determine which imaging characteristics before TNF neutralization distinguish reactivation risk. PET CT was performed on latently infected macaques (n = 26) before and during the course of TNF neutralization and a separate set of latently infected controls (n = 25). Reactivation occurred in 50% of the latently infected animals receiving TNF neutralizing antibody defined as development of at least one new granuloma in adjacent or distant locations including extrapulmonary sites. Increased lung inflammation measured by PET and the presence of extrapulmonary involvement before TNF neutralization predicted reactivation with 92% sensitivity and specificity. To define the biologic features associated with risk of reactivation, we used these PET CT parameters to identify latently infected animals at high risk for reactivation. High risk animals had higher cumulative lung bacterial burden and higher maximum lesional bacterial burdens, and more T cells producing IL-2, IL-10 and IL-17 in lung granulomas as compared to low risk macaques. In total, these data support that risk of reactivation is associated with lung inflammation and higher bacterial burden in macaques with latent Mtb infection.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Flow Cytometry ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Latent Tuberculosis/diagnostic imaging ; Latent Tuberculosis/microbiology ; Latent Tuberculosis/pathology ; Macaca fascicularis ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Virus Activation ; Virus Latency
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-07-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2205412-1
ISSN	1553-7374 ; 1553-7366
ISSN (online)	1553-7374
ISSN	1553-7366
DOI	10.1371/journal.ppat.1005739
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Article ; Online: A Rab20-Dependent Membrane Trafficking Pathway Controls M. tuberculosis Replication by Regulating Phagosome Spaciousness and Integrity.

Schnettger, Laura / Rodgers, Angela / Repnik, Urska / Lai, Rachel P / Pei, Gang / Verdoes, Martijn / Wilkinson, Robert J / Young, Douglas B / Gutierrez, Maximiliano G

Cell host & microbe

2017 Volume 21, Issue 5, Page(s) 619–628.e5

Abstract: The intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) lives within phagosomes and also disrupts these organelles to access the cytosol. The host pathways and mechanisms that contribute to maintaining Mtb phagosome integrity have not been ... ...

Abstract	The intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) lives within phagosomes and also disrupts these organelles to access the cytosol. The host pathways and mechanisms that contribute to maintaining Mtb phagosome integrity have not been investigated. Here, we examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of Mtb-containing phagosomes and identified an interferon-gamma-stimulated and Rab20-dependent membrane trafficking pathway in macrophages that maintains Mtb in spacious proteolytic phagolysosomes. This pathway functions to promote endosomal membrane influx in infected macrophages, and is required to preserve Mtb phagosome integrity and control Mtb replication. Rab20 is specifically and significantly upregulated in the sputum of human patients with active tuberculosis. Altogether, we uncover an immune-regulated cellular pathway of defense that promotes maintenance of Mtb within intact membrane-bound compartments for efficient elimination.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Female ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/physiology ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism ; Macrophages/cytology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Macrophages/microbiology ; Membranes/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/growth & development ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/metabolism ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/pathogenicity ; Phagosomes/enzymology ; Phagosomes/immunology ; Phagosomes/metabolism ; Phagosomes/microbiology ; Protein Transport/physiology ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Sputum ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Antigens, Bacterial ; Bacterial Proteins ; ESAT-6 protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6) ; Rab20 protein, human (EC 3.6.1-) ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins (EC 3.6.5.2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2278004-X
ISSN	1934-6069 ; 1931-3128
ISSN (online)	1934-6069
ISSN	1931-3128
DOI	10.1016/j.chom.2017.04.004
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Zs.A 6578: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Interaction of Cu(+) with cytosine and formation of i-motif-like C-M(+)-C complexes: alkali versus coinage metals.

Gao, Juehan / Berden, Giel / Rodgers, M T / Oomens, Jos

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP

2016 Volume 18, Issue 10, Page(s) 7269–7277

Abstract: The Watson-Crick structure of DNA is among the most well-known molecular structures of our time. However, alternative base-pairing motifs are also known to occur, often depending on base sequence, pH, or the presence of cations. Pairing of cytosine (C) ... ...

Abstract	The Watson-Crick structure of DNA is among the most well-known molecular structures of our time. However, alternative base-pairing motifs are also known to occur, often depending on base sequence, pH, or the presence of cations. Pairing of cytosine (C) bases induced by the sharing of a single proton (C-H(+)-C) may give rise to the so-called i-motif, which occurs primarily in expanded trinucleotide repeats and the telomeric region of DNA, particularly at low pH. At physiological pH, silver cations were recently found to stabilize C dimers in a C-Ag(+)-C structure analogous to the hemiprotonated C-dimer. Here we use infrared ion spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/6-311G+(2df,2p) level to show that copper in the 1+ oxidation state induces an analogous formation of C-Cu(+)-C structures. In contrast to protons and these transition metal ions, alkali metal ions induce a different dimer structure, where each ligand coordinates the alkali metal ion in a bidentate fashion in which the N3 and O2 atoms of both cytosine ligands coordinate to the metal ion, sacrificing hydrogen-bonding interactions between the ligands for improved chelation of the metal cation.
MeSH term(s)	Alkalies/chemistry ; Copper/chemistry ; Cytosine/chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Chemical Substances	Alkalies ; Copper (789U1901C5) ; Cytosine (8J337D1HZY)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-03-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1476244-4
ISSN	1463-9084 ; 1463-9076
ISSN (online)	1463-9084
ISSN	1463-9076
DOI	10.1039/c6cp00234j
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Article ; Online: PET CT Identifies Reactivation Risk in Cynomolgus Macaques with Latent M. tuberculosis.

Philana Ling Lin / Pauline Maiello / Hannah P Gideon / M Teresa Coleman / Anthony M Cadena / Mark A Rodgers / Robert Gregg / Melanie O'Malley / Jaime Tomko / Daniel Fillmore / L James Frye / Tara Rutledge / Robert M DiFazio / Christopher Janssen / Edwin Klein / Peter L Andersen / Sarah M Fortune / JoAnne L Flynn

PLoS Pathogens, Vol 12, Iss 7, p e

2016 Volume 1005739

Abstract: ... of cynomolgus macaques with latent M. tuberculosis infection was used to characterize the features ...

Abstract	Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection presents across a spectrum in humans, from latent infection to active tuberculosis. Among those with latent tuberculosis, it is now recognized that there is also a spectrum of infection and this likely contributes to the variable risk of reactivation tuberculosis. Here, functional imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxygluose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET CT) of cynomolgus macaques with latent M. tuberculosis infection was used to characterize the features of reactivation after tumor necrosis factor (TNF) neutralization and determine which imaging characteristics before TNF neutralization distinguish reactivation risk. PET CT was performed on latently infected macaques (n = 26) before and during the course of TNF neutralization and a separate set of latently infected controls (n = 25). Reactivation occurred in 50% of the latently infected animals receiving TNF neutralizing antibody defined as development of at least one new granuloma in adjacent or distant locations including extrapulmonary sites. Increased lung inflammation measured by PET and the presence of extrapulmonary involvement before TNF neutralization predicted reactivation with 92% sensitivity and specificity. To define the biologic features associated with risk of reactivation, we used these PET CT parameters to identify latently infected animals at high risk for reactivation. High risk animals had higher cumulative lung bacterial burden and higher maximum lesional bacterial burdens, and more T cells producing IL-2, IL-10 and IL-17 in lung granulomas as compared to low risk macaques. In total, these data support that risk of reactivation is associated with lung inflammation and higher bacterial burden in macaques with latent Mtb infection.
Keywords	Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Base-Pairing Energies of Protonated Nucleoside Base Pairs of dCyd and m(5)dCyd: Implications for the Stability of DNA i-Motif Conformations.

Yang, Bo / Rodgers, M T

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry

2015 Volume 26, Issue 8, Page(s) 1394–1403

Abstract: ... deoxycytidine (dCyd) and 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (m(5)dCyd) using threshold collision-induced dissociation ... backbone is likely to exert a relatively small effect on the total BPE. The proton affinity (PA) of m(5 ... in parallel for the protonated (m(5)dCyd)H(+)(dCyd) nucleoside base pair and the absolute PA of dCyd ...

Abstract	Hypermethylation of cytosine in expanded (CCG)n•(CGG)n trinucleotide repeats results in Fragile X syndrome, the most common cause of inherited mental retardation. The (CCG)n•(CGG)n repeats adopt i-motif conformations that are preferentially stabilized by base-pairing interactions of protonated base pairs of cytosine. Here we investigate the effects of 5-methylation and the sugar moiety on the base-pairing energies (BPEs) of protonated cytosine base pairs by examining protonated nucleoside base pairs of 2'-deoxycytidine (dCyd) and 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (m(5)dCyd) using threshold collision-induced dissociation techniques. 5-Methylation of a single or both cytosine residues leads to very small change in the BPE. However, the accumulated effect may be dramatic in diseased state trinucleotide repeats where many methylated base pairs may be present. The BPEs of the protonated nucleoside base pairs examined here significantly exceed those of Watson-Crick dGuo•dCyd and neutral dCyd•dCyd base pairs, such that these base-pairing interactions provide the major forces responsible for stabilization of DNA i-motif conformations. Compared with isolated protonated nucleobase pairs of cytosine and 1-methylcytosine, the 2'-deoxyribose sugar produces an effect similar to the 1-methyl substituent, and leads to a slight decrease in the BPE. These results suggest that the base-pairing interactions may be slightly weaker in nucleic acids, but that the extended backbone is likely to exert a relatively small effect on the total BPE. The proton affinity (PA) of m(5)dCyd is also determined by competitive analysis of the primary dissociation pathways that occur in parallel for the protonated (m(5)dCyd)H(+)(dCyd) nucleoside base pair and the absolute PA of dCyd previously reported.
MeSH term(s)	Base Pairing/physiology ; DNA/chemistry ; Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives ; Deoxycytidine/chemistry ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleotide Motifs/physiology ; Protons
Chemical Substances	Protons ; Deoxycytidine (0W860991D6) ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; 5-methyldeoxycytidine (B200GV71QM)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1073671-2
ISSN	1879-1123 ; 1044-0305
ISSN (online)	1879-1123
ISSN	1044-0305
DOI	10.1007/s13361-015-1144-8
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Zs.A 4618: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Barbers as community mental health advocates for African American men: A.D.A.A.M.-QR web design to address social determinants of depression and access to culturally-relevant resources.

Carlton, Lynwood / Woods-Giscombe, Cheryl L / Palmer, Carrie / Rodgers, Shielda G

Archives of psychiatric nursing

2020 Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) 137–140

MeSH term(s)	African Americans ; Barbering ; Depression ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Social Determinants of Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	639197-7
ISSN	1532-8228 ; 0883-9417
ISSN (online)	1532-8228
ISSN	0883-9417
DOI	10.1016/j.apnu.2020.10.009
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Article ; Online: A unique loop structure in oncostatin M determines binding affinity toward oncostatin M receptor and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor.

Chollangi, Srinivas / Mather, Timothy / Rodgers, Karla K / Ash, John D

The Journal of biological chemistry

2012 Volume 287, Issue 39, Page(s) 32848–32859

Abstract: Oncostatin M (OSM) and leukemia inhibitory factor are pleiotropic cytokines that belong ... with either leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) (type I) or oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) (type II). We have identified a unique helical ...

Abstract	Oncostatin M (OSM) and leukemia inhibitory factor are pleiotropic cytokines that belong to the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family. These cytokines play a crucial role in diverse biological events like inflammation, neuroprotection, hematopoiesis, metabolism, and development. The family is grouped together based on structural similarities and their ability to activate the transmembrane receptor glycoprotein 130 (gp130). The common structure among these cytokines defines the spacing and the orientation of binding sites for cell surface receptors. OSM is unique in this family as it can signal using heterodimers of gp130 with either leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) (type I) or oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) (type II). We have identified a unique helical loop on OSM between its B and C helices that is not found on other IL-6 family cytokines. This loop is located near the "FXXK" motif in active site III, which is essential for OSM's binding to both LIFR and OSMR. In this study, we show that the BC loop does not play a role in OSM's unique ability to bind OSMR. Shortening of the loop enhanced OSM's interaction with OSMR and LIFR as shown by kinetic and equilibrium binding analysis, suggesting the loop may hinder receptor interactions. As a consequence of improved binding, these structurally modified OSMs exhibited enhanced biological activity, including suppressed proliferation of A375 melanoma cells.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Motifs ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha Subunit/chemistry ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism ; Oncostatin M/chemistry ; Oncostatin M/genetics ; Oncostatin M/immunology ; Oncostatin M Receptor beta Subunit/chemistry ; Oncostatin M Receptor beta Subunit/genetics ; Oncostatin M Receptor beta Subunit/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
Chemical Substances	LIFR protein, human ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha Subunit ; OSMR protein, human ; Oncostatin M Receptor beta Subunit ; Oncostatin M (106956-32-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-07-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2997-x
ISSN	1083-351X ; 0021-9258
ISSN (online)	1083-351X
ISSN	0021-9258
DOI	10.1074/jbc.M112.387324
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Article ; Online: Molecular evidence of heavy-oil weathering following the M/V Cosco Busan spill: insights from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

Lemkau, Karin L / McKenna, Amy M / Podgorski, David C / Rodgers, Ryan P / Reddy, Christopher M

Environmental science & technology

2014 Volume 48, Issue 7, Page(s) 3760–3767

Abstract: ... in oil-residue samples from the 2007 M/V Cosco Busan HFO spill (San Francisco, CA). Over 617 days ...

Abstract	Recent studies have highlighted a critical need to investigate oil weathering beyond the analytical window afforded by conventional gas chromatography (GC). In particular, techniques capable of detecting polar and higher molecular weight (HMW; > 400 Da) components abundant in crude and heavy fuel oils (HFOs) as well as transformation products. Here, we used atmospheric pressure photoionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (APPI FT-ICR MS) to identify molecular transformations in oil-residue samples from the 2007 M/V Cosco Busan HFO spill (San Francisco, CA). Over 617 days, the abundance and diversity of oxygen-containing compounds increased relative to the parent HFO, likely from bio- and photodegradation. HMW, highly aromatic, alkylated compounds decreased in relative abundance concurrent with increased relative abundance of less alkylated stable aromatic structures. Combining these results with GC-based data yielded a more comprehensive understanding of oil spill weathering. For example, dealkylation trends and the overall loss of HMW species observed by FT-ICR MS has not previously been documented and is counterintuitive given losses of lower molecular weight species observed by GC. These results suggest a region of relative stability at the interface of these techniques, which provides new indicators for studying long-term weathering and identifying sources.
MeSH term(s)	Biodegradation, Environmental ; Chemical Fractionation ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Cyclotrons ; Fourier Analysis ; Fuel Oils/analysis ; Ions ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Oxygen/chemistry ; Petroleum Pollution/analysis ; Photolysis ; San Francisco ; Weather
Chemical Substances	Fuel Oils ; Ions ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	1520-5851
ISSN (online)	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021/es403787u
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