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Article ; Online: Nicotine, Humectants, and Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines (TSNAs) in IQOS Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs): A Cross-Country Study.

Leigh, Noel J / Page, Michelle K / Robinson, Denisha L / Heldwein, Scott D / O'Connor, Richard J / Goniewicz, Maciej L

2024 Volume 12, Issue 3

Abstract: Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs) purport to reduce exposure to tobacco-related toxicants compared to combustible cigarettes. This cross-sectional study examined the content of nicotine, two humectants (propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG)), ... ...

Abstract	Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs) purport to reduce exposure to tobacco-related toxicants compared to combustible cigarettes. This cross-sectional study examined the content of nicotine, two humectants (propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG)), and four tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs: NNN, NNK, NAT, and NAB) in the tobacco filler of a popular HTP brand (IQOS). Non-menthol and menthol IQOS sticks were purchased from nine countries between 2017 and 2020 and were classified into two versions ("Bold" and "Light") using Philip Morris's flavor descriptors. The average nicotine concentration was 4.7 ± 0.5 mg/stick, and the highest nicotine concentration was found in products from Japan (5.1 ± 0.2 mg/stick). VG was the dominant humectant found in all sticks, with an average concentration of (31.5 ± 2.3 mg/stick). NNN, NNK, and NAT were substantially higher in the "Bold" sticks than the "Light" sticks. Significant differences between countries for TSNAs were also observed: the NAT and NAB contents were the highest in the "Light" products from Canada (192.5 ± 24.1 and 22.9 ± 1.0 ng/stick, respectively); the NNK concentration was the highest in the "Bold" products from Poland (64.8 ± 7.9 ng/stick); and the highest NNN concentrations were observed in the "Bold" products from South Africa (488.9 ± 26.7 ng/stick). As NNN and NNK are known human carcinogens, and as humectants like PG and VG can degrade into toxic carbonyl compounds upon heating, monitoring the concentration of these chemicals in HTPs is important for protecting users' health and ensuring compliance with regulations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2733883-6
ISSN	2305-6304 ; 2305-6304
ISSN (online)	2305-6304
ISSN	2305-6304
DOI	10.3390/toxics12030180
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Age and sex related differences in orthostatic cerebral oxygenation: Findings from 2764 older adults in the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).

Newman, Louise / O'Connor, John D / Nolan, Hugh / Reilly, Richard B / Kenny, Rose Anne

Experimental gerontology

2022 Volume 167, Page(s) 111903

Abstract: Aims: Cerebral hypoperfusion is implicated in the pathogenesis of associations between orthostatic hypotension and adverse outcome such as falls, cognitive impairment, depression, and mortality. Although the blood pressure response to orthostasis has ... ...

Abstract	Aims: Cerebral hypoperfusion is implicated in the pathogenesis of associations between orthostatic hypotension and adverse outcome such as falls, cognitive impairment, depression, and mortality. Although the blood pressure response to orthostasis has been well studied there is a lack of information on orthostatic cerebrovascular responses in older populations. Methods and results: We measured cerebral hemodynamics, utilizing near infrared spectroscopy, coupled with peripheral blood pressure during an active stand in a large population of well-phenotyped older adults (N = 2764). Multi-level mixed effect models were utilized to investigate associations with age and sex, as well as confounders including anti-hypertensive medications. Normative cerebral oxygenation responses were also modelled utilizing generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS). Older age groups experienced larger initial drops in oxygenation and a slower recovery, and responses also differed by sex. The drop after standing ranged from -1.85 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): -2.02 to -1.68) in the males aged 54-59 years vs -1.15 % (95 % CI: -1.31 to -1.00) in females aged 54-59 years, to -2.67 % (95 % CI: -3.01 to -2.33) in males aged ≥ 80 years vs -1.97 % (95 % CI: -2.32 to -1.62) females aged ≥ 80 years. Reduced oxygenation levels were also evident in those taking anti-hypertensive medications. Conclusion: Cerebral autoregulation is impaired with age, particularly in older women and those taking anti-hypertensives. SBP during the stand explained some of the age gradient in the late recovery stage of the stand for the oldest age group. Reported orthostatic symptoms did not correlate with hypoperfusion. Therefore, measures of orthostatic cerebral flow should be assessed in addition to peripheral BP in older patients irrespective of symptoms. Further studies are required to investigate the relationship between NIRS measurements and clinical outcomes such as falls, cognitive impairment and depression.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aging/physiology ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypotension, Orthostatic/epidemiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male
Chemical Substances	Antihypertensive Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	390992-x
ISSN	1873-6815 ; 0531-5565
ISSN (online)	1873-6815
ISSN	0531-5565
DOI	10.1016/j.exger.2022.111903
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Zs.A 579: Show issues

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Article ; Online: A study of recurrence, complication and survival rates in patients with early stage vulval cancer undergoing sentinel lymph node sampling: a single-centre experience.

Katsanevakis, Emmanouil / Joshi, Anuja / Ong, Zun Zhen / O'Connor, Richard / Nunns, David / Gajjar, Ketankumar

Archives of gynecology and obstetrics

2023 Volume 308, Issue 2, Page(s) 561–567

Abstract: Purpose: Groin sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification and removal has become a standard of care for women with clinical early stage vulval cancer. There is evidence to support safe detection of the SLN with minimal morbidity. The purpose of this study ...

Abstract	Purpose: Groin sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification and removal has become a standard of care for women with clinical early stage vulval cancer. There is evidence to support safe detection of the SLN with minimal morbidity. The purpose of this study is to report our experience of managing patients focusing on patient selection, adverse events, quality assurance of the procedure and any benefits and/or disadvantages to patients. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with clinical early stage vulval cancer in a cancer centre over 5 years. Notes and hospital data were reviewed including admissions to emergency departments. Statistical software was used for the statistical analysis and the Kaplan Meier survival curve was generated to present survival rates. Results: 61 cases were analysed. A total of 156 nodes have been removed and positive nodes were identified in 14 cases. In total, 9 women (14.75%) had disease recurrence within 5 years from primary surgery. Overall, 4 patients (6.5%) developed groin recurrence. In 3 of these patients there was isolated groin recurrence (4.9%). The median length of admission was 3 days and 6 cases were managed as day cases. Conclusions: Since the closure of the GROINNS-2 trial we have continued the procedure of SLN identification for women with clinical early stage vulval cancer. We have shown high level of adherence to our protocol and survival and complication rates comparable to other studies on the same field. There were a few patients managed as day-case which was of benefit to the patients.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Sentinel Lymph Node/surgery ; Sentinel Lymph Node/pathology ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy/adverse effects ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy/methods ; Lymph Node Excision/methods ; Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Vulvar Neoplasms/surgery ; Vulvar Neoplasms/pathology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology ; Lymph Nodes/surgery ; Lymph Nodes/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-28
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	896455-5
ISSN	1432-0711 ; 0932-0067
ISSN (online)	1432-0711
ISSN	0932-0067
DOI	10.1007/s00404-023-06968-z
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Article ; Online: Supine Hypertension Is Associated With an Impaired Cerebral Oxygenation Response to Orthostasis: Finding From The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.

Newman, Louise / O'Connor, John D / Romero-Ortuno, Roman / Reilly, Richard B / Kenny, Rose Anne

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)

2021 Volume 78, Issue 1, Page(s) 210–219

Abstract: Figure: see text]. ...

Abstract	[Figure: see text].
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aging/physiology ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dizziness/physiopathology ; Humans ; Hypotension, Orthostatic/physiopathology ; Ireland ; Longitudinal Studies ; Middle Aged ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Prospective Studies ; Supine Position ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Chemical Substances	Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	423736-5
ISSN	1524-4563 ; 0194-911X ; 0362-4323
ISSN (online)	1524-4563
ISSN	0194-911X ; 0362-4323
DOI	10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17111
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Zs.A 1488: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Impact of COVID-19 on Heart Failure Clinical Trials: Insights From the Heart Failure Collaboratory.

Bhatt, Ankeet S / Dimond, Matthew / Fiuzat, Mona / Vaduganathan, Muthiah / Vardeny, Orly / Divanji, Punag / Komtebedde, Jan / Lefkowitz, Martin P / Nkulikiyinka, Richard / Petersson, Magnus / Roessig, Lothar / Schaber, Daniel / O'Connor, Christopher M / Solomon, Scott D

JACC. Heart failure

2023 Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) 254–257

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; Heart Failure/complications ; Heart Failure/therapy ; Research Design
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2705621-1
ISSN	2213-1787 ; 2213-1779
ISSN (online)	2213-1787
ISSN	2213-1779
DOI	10.1016/j.jchf.2022.11.024
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Article: Location and Creation of Nest Sites for Ground-Nesting Bees in Apple Orchards.

Fountain, Michelle T / Tsiolis, Konstantinos / Silva, Celine X / Deakin, Greg / Garratt, Michael P D / O'Connor, Rory / Carvell, Claire / Pywell, Richard F / Edwards, Michael / Potts, Simon G

Insects

2023 Volume 14, Issue 6

Abstract: Wild ground-nesting bees are key pollinators of apple ( ...

Abstract	Wild ground-nesting bees are key pollinators of apple (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662247-6
ISSN	2075-4450
ISSN	2075-4450
DOI	10.3390/insects14060490
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Article ; Online: Myasthenia gravis complement activity is independent of autoantibody titer and disease severity.

Fichtner, Miriam L / Hoarty, Michelle D / Vadysirisack, Douangsone D / Munro-Sheldon, Bailey / Nowak, Richard J / O'Connor, Kevin C

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 3, Page(s) e0264489

Abstract: Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) autoantibodies, found in patients with autoimmune myasthenia gravis (MG), can directly contribute to disease pathology through activation of the classical complement pathway. Activation of the complement pathway in ... ...

Abstract	Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) autoantibodies, found in patients with autoimmune myasthenia gravis (MG), can directly contribute to disease pathology through activation of the classical complement pathway. Activation of the complement pathway in autoimmune diseases can lead to a secondary complement deficiency resulting in reduced complement activity, due to consumption, during episodes of disease activity. It is not clear whether complement activity in MG patients associates with measurements of disease activity or the titer of circulating pathogenic AChR autoantibodies. To explore such associations, as a means to identify a candidate biomarker, we measured complement activity in AChR MG samples (N = 51) using a CH50 hemolysis assay, then tested associations between these values and both clinical status and AChR autoantibody titer. The majority of the study subjects (88.2%) had complement activity within the range defined by healthy controls, while six patients (11.8%) showed reduced activity. No significant association between complement activity and disease status or AChR autoantibody titer was observed.
MeSH term(s)	Autoantibodies ; Complement System Proteins ; Humans ; Myasthenia Gravis ; Receptors, Cholinergic ; Severity of Illness Index
Chemical Substances	Autoantibodies ; Receptors, Cholinergic ; Complement System Proteins (9007-36-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0264489
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Article ; Online: Exercise-induced β2-adrenergic receptor activation enhances the anti-leukemic activity of expanded γδ T-Cells via DNAM-1 upregulation and PVR/Nectin-2 recognition.

Baker, Forrest L / Smith, Kyle A / Mylabathula, Preetesh L / Zuniga, Tiffany M / Diak, Douglass M / Batatinha, Helena / Niemiro, Grace M / Seckeler, Michael D / Pedlar, Charles R / O'Connor, Daniel P / Colombo, Jamie N / Katsanis, Emmanuel / Simpson, Richard J

Cancer research communications

2024

Abstract: Exercise mobilizes cytotoxic lymphocytes to blood which may allow superior cell products to be manufactured for cancer therapy. Gamma-Delta (γδ) T-cells have shown promise for treating solid tumors, but there is a need to increase their potency against ... ...

Abstract	Exercise mobilizes cytotoxic lymphocytes to blood which may allow superior cell products to be manufactured for cancer therapy. Gamma-Delta (γδ) T-cells have shown promise for treating solid tumors, but there is a need to increase their potency against hematologic malignancies. Here, we show that human γδ T-cells mobilized to blood in response to just 20-minutes of graded exercise have surface phenotypes and transcriptomic profiles associated with cytotoxicity, adhesion, migration and cytokine signaling. Following 14-days ex vivo expansion with zoledronic acid and interleukin (IL)-2, exercise mobilized γδ T-cells had surface phenotypes and transcriptomic profiles associated with enhanced effector functions, and demonstrated superior cytotoxic activity against multiple hematologic tumors in vitro, and in vivo in leukemia bearing xenogeneic mice. Infusing humans with the β1+β2-agonist isoproterenol and administering β1 or β1+β2 antagonists prior to exercise revealed these effects to be β2-adrenergic receptor (AR) dependent. Antibody blocking of DNAM-1 on expanded γδ T-cells, as well as the DNAM-1 ligands PVR and Nectin-2 on leukemic targets, abolished the enhanced anti-leukemic effects of exercise. These findings provide a mechanistic link between exercise, β2-AR activation, and the manufacture of superior γδ T-cell products for adoptive cell therapy against hematological malignancies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2767-9764
ISSN (online)	2767-9764
DOI	10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-23-0570
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Article ; Online: Trends in Overall and Menthol Market Shares of Leading Cigarette Brands in the USA: 2014-2019.

Miller Lo, Erin J / Young, William J / Ganz, Ollie / Talbot, Eugene M / O'Connor, Richard J / Delnevo, Cristine D

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 4

Abstract: Many factors can shift cigarette brand preference, and surveillance is an important tactic to inform regulatory strategy. The objective of this study was to identify shifts in top brands' overall and menthol market share from 2014 to 2019. We used data ... ...

Abstract	Many factors can shift cigarette brand preference, and surveillance is an important tactic to inform regulatory strategy. The objective of this study was to identify shifts in top brands' overall and menthol market share from 2014 to 2019. We used data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health public use datasets, which are a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of people aged 12+ in the USA. In our analysis of top brands, we accounted for consumption patterns and computed the percent change in market share for each brand. We observed that overall market share declined for nearly all brands, though top moderately priced brands gained share. Half of the top brands with menthol styles grew in menthol market share. We observed three primary shifts in the cigarette market: brands that gained the most menthol market share were brands with both menthol and non-menthol in their product lineups; menthol contributed substantially to discount brands' market share increases; the two premium brands that employed "natural" descriptors experienced increased market share. Research should continue to focus on trends that influence cigarette market share, as the cigarette market in the USA is likely to look very different in five years than it does today.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Commerce ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Menthol ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Tobacco Products ; United States
Chemical Substances	Menthol (1490-04-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19042270
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Article ; Online: Over 1 year later: smokers' EVALI awareness, knowledge and perceived impact on e-cigarette interest.

Wackowski, Olivia A / Gratale, Stefanie Kristen / Jeong, Michelle / Delnevo, Cristine D / Steinberg, Michael B / O'Connor, Richard J

Tobacco control

2022 Volume 32, Issue e2, Page(s) e255–e259

Abstract: Objectives: The e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) outbreak caused serious lung injuries in over 2800 people in the USA in 2019. By February 2020, most cases were determined as linked with vaping tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), ...

Abstract	Objectives: The e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) outbreak caused serious lung injuries in over 2800 people in the USA in 2019. By February 2020, most cases were determined as linked with vaping tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), including black market products using vitamin E acetate. This study examined smokers' EVALI awareness, knowledge and perceived impact on their e-cigarette interest approximately 16 months after its peak. Design: Between January and February 2021, we surveyed 1018 adult current smokers from a nationally representative US research panel. Participants were asked if they had heard about EVALI prior to COVID-19, knew its main cause, and if EVALI had impacted their interest in future e-cigarette use. Results: Approximately 54% of smokers had heard of EVALI. Among those who had heard of EVALI (n=542), 37.3% believed its Conclusions: Despite the passage of time, considerable lack of knowledge and misperceptions about EVALI remain among those who smoke. Our findings suggest the need for continued efforts to promote better understanding of EVALI and appropriate behavioural and policy responses.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Lung Injury/epidemiology ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Smokers ; Dronabinol ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Vitamin E ; Vaping/adverse effects ; Acetates
Chemical Substances	Dronabinol (7J8897W37S) ; Vitamin E (1406-18-4) ; Acetates
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1146554-2
ISSN	1468-3318 ; 0964-4563
ISSN (online)	1468-3318
ISSN	0964-4563
DOI	10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-057190
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